1920
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1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday.
Contents |
[edit] Events
[edit] January
- May 2 - The first game of the Negro National League baseball is played in Indianapolis, Indiana.
- May 7
- Polish-Soviet War: Polish troops occupy Kyiv. The government of Ukrainian People's Republic returns to the city.
- Venustiano Carranza leaves Mexico City in a large train.
- Treaty of Moscow (1920): Soviet Russia recognizes independence of the Democratic Republic of Georgia only to invade the country six months later.
- May 9 - Alvaro Obregon's troops enter Mexico City
- May 15 - Maria Bochkareva executed in Soviet Russia
- May 16 - Joan of Arc is canonization on 16 May 1920. Over 30,000 people attended the ceremony in Rome, including 140 descendants of Joan of Arc's family. Pope Benedict XV presided over the rite, for which the interior of St. Peter's Basilica was richly decorated (Associated Press, 16 May 1920)
- Referendum in Switzerland is favorable to joining League of Nations.
- In Rome, Pope Benedict XV canonizes Joan of Arc as a saint.
- May 17
- May 20 - Venustiano Carranza arrives in San Antonio Tlaxcalantongo. Troops of Rodolfo Herrera attack him at night and shoot him
- May 24 - Venustiano Carranza is buried in Mexico City - all of his mourning allies are arrested. Adolfo de la Huerta is elected provisional president
- May 27 - Tomáš Masaryk becomes president of Czechoslovakia.
- May 29
- Great Horncastle flood. 20 people killed.
- The Snorkel was invented in Greenland.
[edit] June
- June 4 - Treaty of Trianon, Treaty of Peace between The Allied and Hungary.
- June 12 - Polish-Soviet War: Red Army retakes Kyiv.
- June 13 - The United States Postal Service rules that children may not be sent via parcel post
- June 15 - New border treaty between Germany and Denmark gives northern Schleswig to Denmark.
- June 22 - Greece attacks Turkish troops.
[edit] July
- July 1 - Germany declares its neutrality in the war between Poland and Soviet Russia
- July 2 - Polish-Soviet War: Red Army continues offensive into Poland.
- July 10 - Arthur Meighen becomes Canada's ninth prime minister.
- July 12 - Bolshevist Russia recognizes independent Lithuania.
- July 13 - London County Council bars foreigners from council jobs.
- July 14 - France declares that Faisal I of Syria is deposed and occupies Damascus and Aleppo
- July 17 - Republic of Mirdite proclaimed near Albanian-Serbian border with Yugoslav support
- July 22 - Polish-Soviet War: Poland sues for peace with Bolshevist Russia.
- July 25 - First transatlantic two-way radio broadcast?
- July 26 - Pancho Villa takes over Sabina and contacts de la Huerta to offer his conditional surrender. He signs his surrender in July 28
- July 29 - The United States Bureau of Reclamation begins construction of the Link River Dam as part of the Klamath Reclamation Project.
[edit] August
- August 2 - British parliament passes bill to restore order in Ireland, suspending jury trials.
- August 3 - Catholics riot in Belfast.
- August 10 - Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI's representatives sign the Treaty of Sèvres.
- August 11 - Bolshevik Russia recognizes independent Estonia and Latvia.
- August 13 - August 25 - Polish-Soviet War: The Red Army is defeated in the Battle of Warsaw.
- August 15 - Town Hall of Templemore, Ireland, is burned down during the riots.
- August 19-August 25 - Second Silesian Uprising, the Poles in Upper Silesia rise against the Germans
- August 20 - The first commercial radio station in the United States, 8MK (WWJ), begins operations in Detroit, Michigan.
- August 26 - 19th Amendment to US constitution is passed, guaranteeing women's suffrage.
[edit] September
- September 4 - La Tercio de Extranjenos, the "Regiment of Foreigners" (modern-day Spanish Legion) inaugurated in Spain
- September 5 - Presidential elections begin in Mexico
- September 8 - Gabriele D'Annunzio proclaims the Italian Regency of Carnaro in the city of Fiume.
- September 16 - The Wall Street bombing: a bomb in a horse wagon explodes in front of the J.P.Morgan building in New York City - 38 dead, 400 injured
- September 18- Jack Warden, American actor is born.
- September 20 - The first soldier joins the Spanish Legion.
- September 22 - Flying Squad formed in London Metropolitan Police.
- September 29
- First domestic radio sets come to stores in USA – Westinghouse radio costs $10.
- Adolf Hitler makes first public political speech, in Austria.
[edit] October
- October 9 - Polish troops take Vilnius
- October 10 - In the Carinthian Plebiscite a large part of Carinthia Province votes to become part of Austria rather than of the Yugoslavia.
- October 12 - Polish-Soviet War After Polish army captures Tarnopol, Dubno, Minsk, and Dryssa, the ceasefire is enforced.
- October 18 - Thousands of unemployed demonstrate in London ? 50 injured
- October 26 - Alvaro Obregon is announced elected president of Mexico
- October 27 - League of Nations moves its headquarters to Geneve, Switzerland
[edit] November
- November 2
- Warren G. Harding defeats James M. Cox in the U.S. presidential election, the first national U.S. election in which women have the right to vote.
- In the United States, KDKA AM of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (owned by Westinghouse) starts broadcasting as a commercial radio station. The first broadcast was the results of the U.S. presidential election, 1920.
- November 11 - Unknown Soldier buried in Westminster Abbey.
- November 15 - In Geneva, the first assembly of the League of Nations is held.
- November 16 - Queensland and Northern Territory Aviation Services (Qantas) is founded by Hudson Fysh and Paul McGinniss.
- November 17 - The council of the League of Nations accepts the constitution for the Free City of Danzig.
- November 21 - Bloody Sunday - British forces open fire on spectators and players during a Football match in Dublin's Croke Park, following the assassinations of 12 British agents.
- November 28 - The Third Cork Brigade Flying Column under Tom Barry successfully ambush two lorries of British soldiers at Kilmichael, County Cork. Kilmichael Ambush
[edit] December
- December 1 - Álvaro Obregón became president of Mexico.
- December 5 - Referendum in Greece is favorable to reinstatement of monarchy.
- December 11 - Martial law in Ireland.
- December 16
- Finland joins the League of Nations.
- 8.6 Richter scale Earthquake causes landslide in Gansu Province, China - 180.000 dead.
- December 22 - The 8th Congress of Soviets of the Russian SFSR adopts GOELRO plan, the major plan of the economical development of the country.
- December 23 - United Kingdom and France ratify the border between French-held Syria and British-held Palestine.
- December 25 - Foundation of The Rosicrucian Fellowship's Spiritual Healing Temple "The Ecclesia" at Mount Ecclesia, Oceanside, California (United States).
[edit] Undated
- Number of US Americans move to Paris to escape the Prohibition
- France prohibits selling of contraceptives.
- Roman Ungern von Sternberg conquers Urga and declares himself as a ruler of Mongolia.
- Kurd rebellion in Turkey begins.
- Johnny Torrio invites Al Capone to Chicago from New York City.
- Bricks of wine are widely sold throughout U.S.
[edit] Ongoing events
[edit] Births
| Gregorian calendar | 1920 MCMXX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2673 |
| Armenian calendar | 1369 ԹՎ ՌՅԿԹ |
| Bahá'í calendar | 76 – 77 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2464 |
| Chinese calendar | 4556/4616-11-11 (己未年十一月十一日) — to —
4557/4617-11-22(庚申年十一月廿二日) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1912 – 1913 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5680 – 5681 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1975 – 1976 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1842 – 1843 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5021 – 5022 |
| Holocene calendar | 11920 |
| Iranian calendar | 1298 – 1299 |
| Islamic calendar | 1338 – 1339 |
| Japanese calendar | Taishō 9 (大正9年) |
| - Imperial Year | Kōki 2580 (皇紀2580年) |
| - Jōmon Era | 11920 |
| Julian calendar | 1965 |
| Korean calendar | 4253 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2463 |
[edit] January-February
- January 1 - Virgilio Savona, Italian singer and songwriter (Quartetto Cetra)
- January 2 - Isaac Asimov, Russian-born author (d. 1992), Anne-Sofie Østvedt, Norweigan resistance leader
- January 3 - Renato Carosone, Italian musician and singer (d. 2001)
- January 5 - Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli, Italian pianist (d. 1995)
- January 6 - Sun Myung Moon, Korean evangelist
- January 6 - John Maynard Smith, English biologist (d. 2004)
- January 6 - Early Wynn, baseball player (d. 1999)
- January 9 - Hakim Mohammed Said, Pakistani scholar and philanthropist (d. 1998)
- January 12 - Bill Reid, Canadian artist (d. 1998)
- January 19 - Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, Peruvian United Nations Secretary General
- January 20 - Federico Fellini, Italian film director (d. 1993)
- January 20 - DeForest Kelley, American actor (d. 1999)
- January 20 - John O'Connor, American Catholic cardinal (d. 2000)
- January 23 - Gottfried Böhm, German architect
- January 27 - Helmut Zacharias, German violinist (d. 2002)
- January 30 - Delbert Mann, American television and film director
- February 7 - An Wang, Chinese-born computer pioneer (d. 1990)
- February 11 - Farouk I, King of Egypt (d. 1965)
- February 11 - Billy Halop, American actor (d. 1976)
- February 12 - William Roscoe Estep, American Baptist historian (d. 2000)
- February 13 - Seneka Bibile, Sri Lankan pharmacologist (d. 1977)
- February 17 - Ivo Caprino, Norwegian film director (d. 2001)
- February 18 - Bill Cullen, American game show host (d. 1990)
- February 18 - Eddie Slovik, U.S. Army private (d. 1945)
- February 26 - Tony Randall, American actor (d. 2004)
- February 26 - Lucjan Wolanowski, Polish journalist, writer, and traveler (d. 2006)
- February 29 - Howard Nemerov, American poet (d. 1991)
[edit] March-April
- March 3 - James Doohan, Canadian-born actor (d. 2005)
- March 3 - Ronald Searle, British cartoonist
- March 4 - Jean Lecanuet, French politician (d. 1993)
- March 4 - Alan MacNaughtan, Scottish actor (d. 2002)
- March 10 - Boris Vian, French writer, poet, singer, and musician (d. 1959)
- March 11 - Nicolaas Bloembergen, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- March 14 - Hank Ketcham, American cartoonist (d. 2001)
- March 15 - Lawrence Sanders, American novelist (d. 1998)
- March 15 - E. Donnall Thomas, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- March 16 - Leo McKern, Australian actor (d. 2002)
- March 19 - Kjell Aukrust, Norwegian poet and artist (d. 2002)
- March 20 - Pamela Harriman, English-born U.S. ambassador to France (d. 1997)
- March 22 - Werner Klemperer, German actor (d. 2000)
- March 25 - Patrick Troughton, British actor (d. 1987)
- March 25 - Arthur Wint, Jamaican runner (d. 1992)
- March 27 - Robin Jacques, English illustrator (d. 1995)
- April 1 - Toshirô Mifune, Japanese actor (d. 1997)
- April 2 - Jack Webb, American actor, director, and producer (d. 1982)
- April 5 - Arthur Hailey, American writer (d. 2004)
- April 6 - Edmond H. Fischer, Swiss-American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- April 7 - Ravi Shankar, Indian sitar player
- April 8 - Carmen McRae, American jazz singer (d. 1994)
- April 11 - Peter O'Donnell, British cartoonist and writer
- April 15 - Thomas Stephen Szasz, Hungarian-born psychiatrist and writer
- April 13 - Liam Cosgrave, fifth President of Ireland
- April 21 - Edmund Adamkiewicz, German footballer (d. 1991)
- April 27 - Guido Cantelli, Italian conductor (d. 1956)
- April 29 - Harold Shapero, American composer
[edit] May-June
- May 2 - Jean-Marie Auberson, Swiss conductor (d. 2004)
- May 2 - Otto Buchsbaum, Austrian-born writer and ecological activist (d. 2000)
- May 6 - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, first Prime Minister of Fiji and President of Fiji (d. 2004)
- May 8 - Saul Bass, American graphic designer (d. 1996)
- May 9 - Richard Adams, English author
- May 11 - Denver Pyle, American actor (d. 1997)
- May 13 - Gareth Morris, British flautist (d. 2007)
- May 18 - Pope John Paul II (d. 2005)
- May 18 - Lucia Mannucci, Italian singer (Quartetto Cetra)
- May 23 - Helen O'Connell, American singer (d. 1993)
- May 26 - Peggy Lee, American singer (d. 2002)
- May 28 - Gene Levitt, American television writer, producer, and director (d. 1999)
- May 29 - John Harsanyi, Hungarian-born economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2000)
- May 30 - Franklin Schaffner, American film and television director (d. 1989)
- June 2 - Tex Schramm, American football executive (d. 2003)
- June 12 - Dave Berg, American cartoonist (d. 2002)
- June 12 - Jim Siedow, American actor (d. 2003)
- June 16 - José López Portillo, President of Mexico (d. 2004)
- June 17 - François Jacob, French biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- June 25 - Ozan Marsh, American pianist
- June 29 - Ray Harryhausen, American animator
[edit] July-August
- July 10 - Owen Chamberlain, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- July 11 - Yul Brynner, Russian-born actor (d. 1985)
- July 13 - Bill Towers, English footballer (d. 2000)
- July 17 - Juan Antonio Samaranch, Spanish International Olympic Committee president
- July 21 - Isaac Stern, Ukrainian-born violinist (d. 2001)
- July 24 - Bella Abzug, American politician (d. 1998)
- July 25 - Rosalind Franklin, British crystallographer (d. 1958)
- August 3 - Hayden Carruth, American poet and literary critic
- August 8 - Leo Chiosso, Italian poet (d. 2006)
- August 8 - Jimmy Witherspoon, American singer (d. 1997)
- August 16 - Charles Bukowski, American writer (d. 1994)
- August 17 - Maureen O'Hara, Irish actress
- August 18 - Bob Kennedy, baseball player and manager (d. 2005)
- August 18 - Shelley Winters, American actress (d. 2006)
- August 21 - Christopher Robin Milne, English author and bookseller (d. 1996)
- August 22 - Ray Bradbury, American writer
- August 26 - Mauri Favén, Finnish painter (d. 2006)
- August 29 - Charlie Parker, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1955)
[edit] September-October
- September 10 - Fabio Taglioni, Italian motorcycle engineer (d. 2001)
- September 14 - Mario Benedetti, Uruguayan writer
- September 14 - Lawrence Klein, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- September 18 - Jack Warden, American actor (d. 2006)
- September 22 - William H. Riker, American political scientist (d. 1993)
- September 23 - Mickey Rooney, American film actor
- September 24 - Dick Bong, American fighter ace
- September 27 - Jayne Meadows, American actress
- September 29 - Peter D. Mitchell, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1992)
- October 1 - Charles Daudelin, Canadian sculptor (d. 2001)
- October 1 - Walter Matthau, American actor (d. 2000)
- October 6 - Pietro Consagra, Italian sculptor (d. 2005)
- October 8 - Frank Herbert, American author (d. 1986)
- October 9 - Jens Bjørneboe, Norwegian author (d. 1976)
- October 15 - Mario Puzo, American author (d. 1999)
- October 22 - Timothy Leary, American psychologist and author (d. 1996)
- October 29 - Baruj Benacerraf, Venezuelan-born immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- October 30 - Norman Bird, UK character actor (d. 2005)
- October 31 - Fritz Walter, German footballer (d. 2002)
[edit] November-December
- November 2 - Ann Rutherford, Canadian actress
- November 25 - Ricardo Montalban, Mexican actor
- November 30 - Virginia Mayo, American actress (d. 2005)
- December 6 - Dave Brubeck, American jazz pianist and composer
- December 6 - George Porter, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002)
- December 9 - Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of the Italian Republic
- December 21 - J. Roderick MacArthur American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1984
- December 24 - Evgeniya Rudneva, Soviet World War II heroine (d. 1944)
- December 30 - Jack Lord, American actor (d. 1998)
[edit] Date unknown
- Patrick Campbell Rodger, Scottish Anglican bishop (d. 2002)
- Thomas John (T.J.) Smith Australian trainer (d. 1998)
- Amos Yarkoni, Israeli soldier (d. 1991)
[edit] Deaths
[edit] January - March
- January 2 - Paul Adam, French writer (b. 1862)
- January 3 - Zygmunt Janiszewski, Polish mathematician (b. 1888)
- January 4 - Benito Pérez Galdós, Spanish novelist (b. 1843)
- January 6 - Hieronymus Georg Zeuthen, Danish mathematician (b. 1839)
- January 7 - Edmund Barton, Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1849)
- January 18 - Giovanni Capurro, Italian poet (b. 1825)
- January 24 - William Percy French, Irish songwriter and entertainer (b. 1854)
- January 24 - Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter and sculptor (tuberculosis) (b. 1884)
- January 24 - William Plunket, 5th Baron Plunket, British diplomat and administrator (b. 1864)
- January 26 - Jeanne Hébuterne, French artist, model, and common-law wife of Amedeo Modigliani (suicide) (b. 1898)
- February 2 - Field E. Kindley, American World War I aviator (b. 1896)
- February 3 - Frank Brown, Governor of Maryland (b. 1846)
- February 6 - Augustus F. Goodridge, Canadian merchant and politician (b. 1839)
- February 7 - Aleksandr Kolchak, Russian naval commander (b. 1874)
- February 15 - Joseph Burton Sumner, founder of Sumner, Mississippi (b. 1837)
- February 20 - Joseph J. Fern, Mayor of Honolulu (b. 1872)
- February 20 - Robert Peary, American Arctic explorer (b. 1856)
- February 27 - William Sherman Jennings, Governor of Florida (b. 1863)
- March 1 - John H. Bankhead, U.S. Senator from Alabama (b. 1842)
- March 1 - William A. Stone, Governor of Pennsylvania (b. 1846)
- March 1 - Joseph Trumpeldor, Russian Zionist (b. 1880)
- March 4 - Roswell P. Bishop, U.S. Congressman from Michigan (b. 1843)
- March 11 - Julio Garavito Armero, Colombian astronomer (b. 1865)
- March 13 - Charles Lapworth, English geologist (b. 1842)
- March 26 - William Chester Minor, American surgeon (b. 1834)
- March 26 - Mary Augusta Ward, Tasmanian novelist (b. 1851)
- March 31 - Paul Bachmann, German mathematician (b. 1837)
- March 31 - Edwin Warfield, Governor of Maryland (b. 1848)
[edit] April - June
- April 8 - John Brashear, American astronomer (b. 1840)
- April 8 - Charles Tomlinson Griffes, American composer (b. 1884)
- April 9 - Moritz Cantor, German historian of mathematics (b. 1829)
- April 21 - Maria L. Sanford, American educator (b. 1836)
- April 26 - Srinivasa Ramanujan, Indian mathematician (b. 1887)
- May 1 - Princess Margaret of Connaught, Crown Princess of Sweden (b. 1882)
- May 11 - James Colosimo, Italian-born gangster (b. 1877)
- May 11 - William Dean Howells, American writer (b. 1837)
- May 16 - Levi P. Morton, Vice President of the United States (b. 1824)
- May 21 - Venustiano Carranza, President of Mexico (b. 1859)
- May 21 - Eleanor H. Porter, American novelist (b. 1868)
- May 23 - Svetozar Borojevic, Austro-Hungarian field marshal (b. 1856)
- May 30 - George Ernest Morrison, Australian adventurer (b. 1862)
- June 5 - Rhoda Broughton, Welsh writer (b. 1840)
- June 5 - Julia A. Moore, American poet (b. 1847)
- June 6 - James Dunsmuir, Canadian politician (b. 1851)
- June 13 - Essad Pasha, Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1863)
- June 14 - Gabrielle Réjane, French actress (b. 1856)
- June 14 - Max Weber, German political economist (b. 1864)
- June 18 - Jewett W. Adams, Governor of Nevada (b. 1835)
- June 18 - John Macoun, Irish born naturalist (b. 1831)
- June 20 - Marie Adolphe Carnot, French chemist, mining engineer, and politician (b. 1839)
- June 20 - John Grigg, New Zealand astronomer (b. 1838)
- June 27 - Adolphe Basile Routhier, Canadian poet (b. 1839)
[edit] July - September
- July 1 - Delfim Moreira, President of Brazil (b. 1868)
- July 2 - William Louis Marshall, American general and engineer (b. 1846)
- July 10 - John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher, British admiral (b. 1841)
- July 11 - Empress Eugénie of France (b. 1826)
- July 14 - Albert Keller, German painter (b. 1844)
- July 22 - William Kissam Vanderbilt, American heir (b. 1849)
- August 1 - Frank Hanly, Governor of Indiana (b. 1863)
- August 1 - Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Indian nationalist (b. 1856)
- August 2 - Ormer Locklear, American pilot (b. 1891)
- August 9 - Samuel Griffith, Australian politician and judge (b. 1845)
- August 10 - Adam Politzer, Austrian otologist (b. 1835)
- August 12 - Hermann Struve, Russian-born astronomer (b. 1854)
- August 16 - Henry Daglish, Premier of Australia (b. 1866)
- August 16 - Joseph Norman Lockyer, English astronomer (b. 1836)
- August 17 - Ray Chapman, baseball player (b. 1891)
- August 22 - Anders Zorn, Swedish painter (b. 1860)
- August 26 - James Wilson, Scottish-born American politician (b. 1835)
- August 31 - Wilhelm Wundt, German physiologist and psychologist (b. 1832)
- September 7 - Simon-Napoléon Parent, Premier of Quebec (b. 1855)
- September 10 - Olive Thomas, American actress (b. 1894)
- September 18 - Robert Beaven, Canadian politician (b. 1836)
- September 24 - Peter Carl Fabergé, Russian jeweler (b. 1846)
- September 25 - Jacob Schiff, German-born banker and philanthropist (b. 1847)
- September 30 - William Wilfred Sullivan, Canadian journalist, politician, and jurist (b. 1843)
[edit] October - December
- October 2 - Winthrop M. Crane, Governor of Massachusetts and Senator (b. 1853)
- October 10 - Hudson Stuck, English mountaineer (b. 1865)
- October 19 - John Reed, American journalist (b. 1887)
- October 20 - Max Bruch, German composer (b. 1838)
- October 24 - Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia (b. 1853)
- November 1 - Kevin Barry, Irish republican (hanged) (b. 1902)
- November 4 - Ludwig Struve, Russian astronomer (b. 1858)
- November 13 - Luc-Olivier Merson, French painter and illustrator (b. 1846)
- November 23 - George Callaghan, British admiral (b. 1852)
- November 25 - Gaston Chevrolet, Swiss-born race car driver and manufacturer (b. 1892)
- November 30 - Eugene W. Chafin, American politician (b. 1852)
- December 3 - William de Wiveleslie Abney, English astronomer and photographer (b. 1843)
- December 11 - Olive Schreiner, South African writer (b. 1855)
- December 12 - Edward Gawler Prior, Canadian mining engineer and politician (b. 1854)
- December 14 - George Gipp, American football player (b. 1895)
[edit] Nobel prizes
- Physics - Charles Edouard Guillaume
- Chemistry - Walther Nernst
- Medicine - Schack August Steenberg Krogh
- Literature - Knut Hamsun
- Peace - Thomas Woodrow Wilson
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