Bottle wall
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[edit] Bottle Wall Construction
A building construction style which uses glass bottles as masonry units and binds them using adobe, sand, cement, stucco, clay, plaster, mortar or any other joint compound to result in an intriguing stained-glass like wall.
[edit] Construction
Although bottle walls can be constructed in a million different ways, bottle walls are typically made on a foundation that is set into a trench in the earth to add stability to the wall. The trench is filled with a rubble of pea gravel and then filled in with cement. Rebar can be set into the foundation to add structural integrity. Bottle walls range from using one bottle as a filler in a thin wall to making walls two bottles thick. Most intriguing though, is the wall made from bottles cut in half, matched, and joined to another bottle of the same size and color. Primitive mixture, such as cob or adobe, are made from a mix of sand, clay, and straw. This is used as the mortar to bind the bottles. It is thickly spread on the previous layer of bottles followed by the next layer which is pressed into the mixture. Typically two fingers of separation are used as a means of spacing although any kind of spacing can be achieved.
[edit] Binding Mixtures
A typical mortar mix is 3:1 mason sand to a pozzalan (fly ash) cement mix. Other mixtures could be made from mortar and clay, adobe, cob, sand or cement. Bottle walls are extremely versatile and could be bonded with pretty much anything that can endure its given climate.
[edit] Bottle Houses Throughout History
It is believed that the first bottle house was constructed in 1902 by William F. Peck in Tonopah, NV. The house was built using 10,000 bottles of beer from Jhostetter' Stomach Bitters which were 90% alcohol and 10% opium. The Peck house was demolished in the early 1980's. Around 1905, Tom Kelly built his house in Rhyolite, NV using 51,000 beer botles masoned with adobe. Kelly chose bottles because trees were scarce in the desert. Most of the bottles were Busch beer bottles collected from the 50 bars in this Gold Rush town. Rhyolite became a ghost town by 1920. In 1925, Paramount Pictures discovered the Bottle House and had it restored for use in a movie. It then became a museum but tourism was slow causing it to close. From 1936-1954, Lewis Murphy took care of the house and invited tourists. From 1954-1969, Tommy Thompson occupied the house. He tried to make repairs to the house with concrete which when mixed with the desert heat, caused many bottles to crack (Kelly had used adobe mud). Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, CA has a bottle house, made from over 3,000 whiskey bottles, that is used as an "Indian Trader" store today. The house is a remake of the Rhyolite Bottle House replicated from photos taken by Walter Knott in the early 1950's. The Washington Court Bottle House in Ohio was made with 9,963 bottles of all sizes and colors. The builder was a bottle collector and to display his collection he had them built into this house which was on display at Meyer's Modern Tourist Court. In Alexandria, LA there is a bottle house gift shop that is still present today. The bottle house was constructed by Drew Bridges who used bottles from his drugstore. There are about 3,000 bottles used as masonry units with railroad ties used as the framing structure. The Kaleva Bottle House in Kaleva, MI was built by John J. Makinen, Sr. (1871-1942) using over 60,000 bottles laid on their sides with the bottoms toward the exterior. The bottles were mostly from his company, The Northwestern Bottling Works. The house was completed in 1941 but he passed away before moving in. The building was purchased by the Kaleva Historical Museum in 1981 and is listed on the National Register of Historical Places. Boston Hills Pet Memorial Park in Boston, MA has a bottle wall from 1942. It is part of a small building used for storage. The Wimberley Bottle House in Wimberley, TX was constructed using over 9,000 soda bottles. It was built in the early 1960's as part of a Pioneer Town, a simulated Old West town set to be a tourist attraction/theme park. The house was modeled after Knott's Berry Farm bottlehouse in California.[1]
[edit] The Heineken WOBO (World Bottle)
As the story goes, Alfred Heineken had an epiphany while on a world tour of Heineken factories. When Heineken was on the Caribbean island of Curacao in 1960 he saw many bottles littering the beach due to the fact that the island had no economic means of returning the bottles to the bottling plants from which they had come. He was also concerned with the lack of affordable building materials and the inadequate living conditions plaguing Curacao's lower-class. Envisioning a solution for these problems, he found an architect to design what he called "a brick that holds beer." Over the next three years, the Heineken WOBO went through a design process. Some of the early designs were of interlocking and self-aligning bottles. The idea sprung from the belief that the need for mortar would add complexity and expense to the bottle wall's simplicity and affordability. Some designs proved to be effective building materials but too heavy and slow-forming to be economically produced. Other designs were rejected by Heineken based on aesthetic preferences. In the end, the bottle that was selected was a compromise between the previous designs. The bottle was designed to be interlocking, laid horizontally and bonded with cement mortar with a silicon additive. A 10'x10' shack would take approximately 1,000 bottles to build. In 1963, 100,000 WOBO's were produced in two sizes, 350 and 500 milliliters. This size difference was necessary in order to bond the bottles when building a wall, in the same way as a half brick is necessary when building with bricks. Only two WOBO structures exist and they are both on the Heineken estate in Noordwijk, near Amsterdam. The first was a small shed which had a corrugated iron roof and timber supports where the builder could not work out how to resolve the junction between necks and bases running in the same direction. Later, a timber double garage was renovated with WOBO siding. Alfred Heineken did not develop the WOBO concept further and the idea never got a chance to materialize.
[edit] References
Pawley, Martin. Building for Tomorrow: Putting Waste to Work. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1982.
Agilitynut. Mar 2000/Feb 2007. Seltzer, Debra Jane. Mar 2007 <http://www.agilitynut.com/h/otherbh.html>.
The Goat House. Georga Tech. Mar 2007 <http://maven.gtri.gatech.edu/sfi/gradcourses/goathouse/MBWall.html>.
Earthship Biotecture. 2005/Mar 2007. Earthship Biotecture. Mar 2007 <http://www.earthship.org/imagegaller/>.
[edit] See Also
•Cob
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