C-141 Starlifter

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Lockheed C-141 Starlifter

Type	Strategic airlifter
Manufacturer	Lockheed Corporation
Maiden flight	1963
Retired	2006-05-05
Primary user	United States Air Force
Produced	1963–1968
Number built	285

A C-141 Starlifter leaves a vapor trail over Antarctica

The Lockheed C-141 Starlifter was a military strategic airlifter in service with the United States Air Force. Introduced to replace slower piston-engined cargo planes such as the C-124 Globemaster II, the C-141 was designed to requirements set in 1960 and first flew in 1963; production deliveries of an eventual 285 planes began in 1965, 284 for the Military Airlift Command, and one for NASA. The aircraft remained in service for almost 40 years until the USAF withdrew the C-141 from service on May 5, 2006, replacing the aircraft with the C-17 Globemaster III.

1 Variants and design stages
2 Specifications (C-141B Starlifter)
3 External links
4 Related content

[edit] Variants and design stages

[edit] C-141A

The original Starlifter model, designated C-141A, could carry 138 passengers, 80 litters for wounded, or ten standard 463L master pallets with a total of 62,700 pounds (28,900 kg) of cargo. The C-141 could also carry specialized cargoes, such as the Minuteman missile. It was soon discovered that the aircraft's volume capacity was relatively low in comparison to its lifting capacity; it generally ran out of physical space long before it hit its weight limit.

NASA obtained one of the early C-141As that was modified to house a telescope (the Kuiper Airborne Observatory) for use at very high altitudes. This NASA NC-141A is now in storage at Edwards AFB, CA.

[edit] C-141B

To correct the perceived deficiencies of the original model and utilize the C-141 to the fullest of its capabilities, 270 C-141As were stretched, adding needed payload volume. These modified aircraft were designated C-141B. Additional 'plug' sections were added before and after the wings, lengthening the fuselage by 23 ft 4 in (7.11 m) and allowing the carriage of 103 litters for wounded, 13 standard pallets, 205 troops, 168 paratroopers, or an equivalent increase in other loads. Also added at this time was a boom receptacle for inflight refueling. The conversion program took place between 1977 and 1982. It was estimated that this stretching program was the equivalent of buying 90 new aircraft, in terms of increased capacity.

[edit] SOLL II

In 1994, thirteen C-141Bs were given SOLL II (Special Operations Low-Level II) modifications, which gave the aircraft a low-level night flying capability, enhanced navigation equipment, and improved defensive countermeasures. These aircraft were operated by AMC in conjunction with Air Force Special Operations Command. At one time, these aircraft were slated to be replaced by special-purpose new-build C-17s.

[edit] C-141C

C-141 Participating in Operation Deep Freeze

Sixty-three aircraft were upgraded throughout the 1990s to C-141C status, with improved avionics and navigation systems, to keep them up-to-date until C-17s were available to replace them. This variant introduced some of the first glass cockpit technology to the aircraft, as well as improving reliability by replacing some mechanical and electromechanical components with their electronic equivalents.

[edit] Service in Iraq and Afghanistan

On 16 September 2004 the C-141 left service with nearly all active duty USAF units, being confined to reserve units for the remainder of its service life. As of 25 September, 2005, there were only eight C-141 aircraft still flying (all from the 445th Airlift Wing at Wright-Patterson AFB). In 2004, 2005, and 2006, the C-141s stationed at WPAFB participated in missions to Iraq and Afghanistan, mostly for the medical evacuation of wounded servicemembers.

[edit] Hanoi Taxi

Main article: Hanoi Taxi

Hanoi Taxi flying over the National Museum of the United States Air Force in December 2005

One of these last eight aircraft was the Hanoi Taxi (tail number 66-0177), which was one of the same aircraft used in 1973, for Operation Homecoming in the final days of the Vietnam War, to repatriate American POWs from North Vietnam. The Air Force repainted this aircraft in the same livery as it wore in 1973 as the final year of Starlifter operations approached. Framed photographs, plaques, and other memorabilia adorn the interior, suiting the aircraft for use as a "flying museum," a role it has filled at the Dayton Air Show and other venues.

With the 2006 announcement of the retirement of these last eight C-141s, the Hanoi Taxi embarked on a series of flights, giving veterans, some of whom flew out of captivity in this aircraft, the opportunity to experience one more flight before retirement. At 9:30 AM on Saturday, 6 May 2006, the Hanoi Taxi landed for the last time and was received in a formal retirement ceremony at the National Museum of the United States Air Force, located at WPAFB in Riverside, Ohio near Dayton. The Hanoi Taxi is now part of the permanent static display collection of the Museum. [1]

[edit] Specifications (C-141B Starlifter)

A MAC C-141 transport plane takes the STS-51-L remains to Dover Air Force Base, Delaware.

General characteristics

Crew: 5–6
Length: 168 ft 4 in (51.3 m)
Wingspan: 160 ft 0 in (48.8 m)
Height: 39 ft 3 in (12 m)
Wing area: 3,228 ft² (300 m²)
Empty weight: 144,492 lb (65,542 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 323,100 lb (147,000 kg)
Powerplant: 4× Pratt & Whitney TF33-P-7 turbofans, 20,250 lbf (90.1 kN each) each