Calcitriol
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Calcitriol
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| (1R,3S)- 5-[2-[(1R,3aR,7aS)-1- [(2R)-6-hydroxy-6-methyl-heptan-2-yl]- 7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H- inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]- 4-methylidene-cyclohexane-1,3-diol |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | A11 D05AX03 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C27H44O3 |
| Mol. mass | 416.64 g.mol-1 |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Metabolism | Renal |
| Half life | 5–8 hours |
| Excretion | Renal |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. | |
| Legal status |
S4 (Au), POM (UK) |
| Routes | Oral, IV, topical |
Calcitriol (INN) (IPA: [kælsɪˈtraɪɒl, kælˈsɪtrɪɒl]) or 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (abbreviated 1,25-(OH)2D3) is the active form of vitamin D found in the body (vitamin D3).
Calcitriol is marketed under various trade names including Rocaltrol (Roche) and Calcijex (Abbott).
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[edit] Production and function
It is produced in the kidneys via 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase by conversion from 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (calcidiol) and regulates calcium levels by increasing the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract.
Calcitriol is also commonly used as a medication in the treatment of hypocalcemia and osteoporosis.
[edit] Indications
Calcitriol is indicated for:[1]
- Treatment of hypocalcaemia – hypoparathyroidism, osteomalacia (adults), rickets (infants, children), renal osteodystrophy, chronic renal dialysis
- Treatment of osteoporosis
- Prevention of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis
Calcitriol is also sometimes used topically in the treatment of psoriasis, however the evidence to support its efficacy is inconclusive.[2] The vitamin D analogue calcipotriol is more commonly used for psoriasis.
[edit] Adverse effects
The main adverse drug reaction associated with calcitriol therapy is hypercalcaemia – early symptoms include: nausea, vomiting, constipation, anorexia, apathy, headache, thirst, sweating, and/or polyuria). Compared to other vitamin D compounds in clinical use (cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol), calcitriol has a higher risk of inducing hypercalcaemia. However, such episodes may be shorter and easier to treat due to its relatively short half-life.[1]
[edit] See also
[edit] Additional images
 Calcitriol synthesis |
[edit] References
- ^ a b Rossi S, editor. Australian Medicines Handbook 2006. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook; 2006. ISBN 0-9757919-2-3
- ^ Calcitriol. In: Klasco RK, editor. Drugdex system. vol 128. Greenwood Village (CO): Thomson Micromedex; 2006.
Peptide hormones, Steroid hormones
Hypothalamus: TRH, CRH , GnRH, GHRH, somatostatin, dopamine - Posterior pituitary: vasopressin, oxytocin, lipotropin - Anterior pituitary: α (FSH, LH, TSH), GH, prolactin, POMC (ACTH, MSH, endorphins, lipotropin) - Pineal gland: melatonin
Thyroid: thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) - calcitonin - Parathyroid: PTH - Adrenal medulla: epinephrine, norepinephrine - Adrenal cortex: aldosterone, cortisol, DHEA - Pancreas: glucagon- insulin, somatostatin
Kidney: renin, EPO, calcitriol, prostaglandin - Heart atrium: ANP - Stomach: gastrin, ghrelin - Duodenum: CCK, GIP, secretin, motilin, VIP - Ileum: enteroglucagon - Liver: IGF-1 - Adipose tissue: leptin, adiponectin
Testis: testosterone, AMH, inhibin - Ovary: estradiol, progesterone, inhibin/activin, relaxin (pregnancy) - Placenta: hCG, HPL, estrogen, progesterone
