Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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| Structural formula of TRH | |
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thyrotropin-releasing hormone
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| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | TRH |
| HUGO | 12298 |
| Entrez | 7200 |
| OMIM | 275120 |
| RefSeq | NM_007117 |
| UniProt | P20396 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 3 q13.3-q21 |
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), also called thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF), thyroliberin or protirelin, is a tripeptide hormone that stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin by the anterior pituitary.
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[edit] Production
TRH is produced by the hypothalamus, near the paraventricular nucleus.[1]
It travels across the median eminence to the pituitary via the hypophyseal portal system. It is released from cells called thyrotropes.[2]
In addition to the brain, TRH can also be detected in other areas of the body including the gastrointestinal system and pancreatic islets.
[edit] History
The sequence of TRH was first determined and the hormone synthesized by Roger Guillemin and Andrew V. Schally in 1969.[3][4]
[edit] Chemical properties
Its molecular weight is 359.5 Da.
Its structure is: (pyro)Glu-His-Pro-NH2
[edit] Clinical significance
It is used in pharmacology (brand name Relefact TRH®) to test the response of the anterior pituitary gland.
Medical preparations of TRH are used in diagnostic tests of thyroid disorders and in acromegaly.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Taylor T, Wondisford F, Blaine T, Weintraub B (1990). "The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus has a major role in thyroid hormone feedback regulation of thyrotropin synthesis and secretion". Endocrinology 126 (1): 317-24. PMID 2104587.
- ^ http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/tsh.html
- ^ Boler J, Enzmann F, Folkers K, Bowers CY, Schally AV. The identity of chemical and hormonal properties of the thyrotropin releasing hormone and pyroglutamyl-histidyl-proline amide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1969;37:705-10. PMID 4982117
- ^ Burgus R, Dunn TF, Desiderio D, Guillemin R. Molecular structure of the hypothalamic hypophysiotropic TRF factor of ovine origin: mass spectrometry demonstration of the PCA-His-Pro-NH2 sequence. Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences 1969;269:1870–1873.
Peptide hormones, Steroid hormones
Hypothalamus: TRH, CRH , GnRH, GHRH, somatostatin, dopamine - Posterior pituitary: vasopressin, oxytocin, lipotropin - Anterior pituitary: α (FSH, LH, TSH), GH, prolactin, POMC (ACTH, MSH, endorphins, lipotropin) - Pineal gland: melatonin
Thyroid: thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) - calcitonin - Parathyroid: PTH - Adrenal medulla: epinephrine, norepinephrine - Adrenal cortex: aldosterone, cortisol, DHEA - Pancreas: glucagon- insulin, somatostatin
Kidney: renin, EPO, calcitriol, prostaglandin - Heart atrium: ANP - Stomach: gastrin, ghrelin - Duodenum: CCK, GIP, secretin, motilin, VIP - Ileum: enteroglucagon - Liver: IGF-1 - Adipose tissue: leptin, adiponectin
Testis: testosterone, AMH, inhibin - Ovary: estradiol, progesterone, inhibin/activin, relaxin (pregnancy) - Placenta: hCG, HPL, estrogen, progesterone
Angiotensin - Bombesin - Bradykinin - Calcitonin - Calcitonin gene-related peptide - Carnosine - Cholecystokinin - Delta sleep-inducing peptide - FMRFamide - Galanin - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide - Gastrin releasing peptide - Gastrin - Motilin - Neuromedin B - Neuropeptide Y - Neurophysins - Neurotensin - Opioid peptide - Pancreatic polypeptide - Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide - Secretin - Tachykinins - Vasoactive intestinal peptide - Vasopressin
Hypothalamic: Somatostatin - CRH - GnRH - GHRH - Orexins - TRH - POMC (ACTH, MSH, Lipotropin)
