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Campanula is one of several genera of in the family Campanulaceae with the common name bellflower. It takes its name from their bell-shaped flowers, and campanula is Latin for "little bell".
The genus includes about 300 species and several subspecies, distributed across the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the highest diversity in the Mediterranean region east to the Caucasus.
The species include annual, biennial and perennial plants, and vary in habit from dwarf arctic and alpine species under 5 cm high, to large temperate grassland and woodland species growing to 2 m tall.
The leaves are alternate, sessile, and often vary in shape on a single plant, with larger, broader leaves at the base of the stem and smaller, narrower leaves higher up; the leaf margin may be either entire or serrated (sometimes both on the same plant). Many species contain white latex in the leaves and stems. The flowers are produced in panicles (sometimes solitary), and have a bell-shaped, five-lobed corolla, typically large (2-5 cm or more long), mostly blue to purple, sometimes white or pink. The fruit is a capsule containing numerous small seeds.
Well-known species include the northern European Campanula rotundifolia, commonly known as Harebell in England and Bluebell in Scotland, and the southern European Campanula medium, commonly known as Canterbury Bells, which is a cultivated garden plant in the United Kingdom. As well as several species occurring naturally in the wild in northern Europe, there are many cultivated garden species. The species Campanula rapunculus, commonly known as Rampion Bellflower, Rampion, or Rover Bellflower, is an annual vegetable and a popular garden plant, though sometimes considered too invasive. There are blue, purple and white varieties. The Brothers Grimm's tale Rapunzel gave its name to this plant.
Campanula species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Common Pug (recorded on Harebell), Dot Moth, Ingrailed Clay (recorded on Harebell), Lime-speck Pug and Mouse Moth.
- Selected species
- Campanula abietina
- Campanula adsurgens
- Campanula affinis
- Campanula alliariifolia
- Campanula alpestris
- Campanula alpina
- Campanula alsinoides
- Campanula americana
- Campanula aparinoides - Marsh bellflower
- Campanula ardonensis
- Campanula argyrotricha
- Campanula arvatica
- Campanula aucheri
- Campanula autraniana
- Campanula barbata - Bearded bellflower
- Campanula baumgartenii
- Campanula beauverdiana
- Campanula bellidifolia
- Campanula betulifolia
- Campanula bononiensis
- Campanula caespitosa
- Campanula calaminthifolia
- Campanula californica
- Campanula carpatica - Carpathian harebell
- Campanula cashmeriana
- Campanula celsii
- Campanula cenisia
- Campanula cervicaria
- Campanula chamissonis
- Campanula cochleariifolia - Fairies' thimble
- Campanula collina
- Campanula colorata
- Campanula crenulata
- Campanula dichotoma
- Campanula divaricata
- Campanula elatines
- Campanula elegans
- Campanula ephesia
- Campanula erinus
- Campanula excisa
- Campanula exigua - Chaparral bellflower
- Campanula filicaulis
- Campanula formanekiana
- Campanula fragilis
- Campanula gansuensis
- Campanula garganica - Adriatic bellflower
- Campanula glomerata - Clustered bellflower
- Campanula grossekii
- Campanula hemschinica
- Campanula hercegovina
- Campanula heterophylla
- Campanula imeretina
- Campanula incurva
- Campanula isophylla - Italian bellflower
- Campanula jacobaea
- Campanula kachethica
- Campanula kantschavelii
- Campanula kemulariae
- Campanula khasiana
- Campanula kolenatiana
- Campanula komarovii
- Campanula laciniata
- Campanula lactiflora - Milky bellflower
- Campanula lanata
- Campanula lasiocarpa
- Campanula latifolia - Giant bellflower
- Campanula latiloba
- Campanula lingulata
- Campanula linifolia
- Campanula longistyla
- Campanula lusitanica
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- Campanula lyrata
- Campanula macrorhiza
- Campanula macrostyla
- Campanula makaschvilii
- Campanula medium - Canterbury bells
- Campanula michauxioides
- Campanula mirabilis
- Campanula moesiaca
- Campanula mollis
- Campanula morettiana
- Campanula oblongifolia
- Campanula ochroleuca
- Campanula olympica
- Campanula orbelica
- Campanula oreadum
- Campanula orphanidea
- Campanula parryi
- Campanula patula - Spreading bellflower
- Campanula pelviformis
- Campanula peregrina
- Campanula persicifolia - Peach-leaved bellflower
- Campanula petraea
- Campanula petrophila
- Campanula phrygia
- Campanula phyctidocalyx
- Campanula piperi
- Campanula portenschlagiana - Wall bellflower
- Campanula poscharskyana - Serbian bellflower
- Campanula prenanthoides
- Campanula primulifolia
- Campanula pulla
- Campanula punctata
- Campanula pyramidalis - Chimney bellflower
- Campanula raddeana
- Campanula raineri
- Campanula ramosissima
- Campanula rapunculoides - Creeping bellflower
- Campanula rapunculus - Rampion bellflower
- Campanula reiseri
- Campanula reuteriana
- Campanula rhomboidalis
- Campanula rotundifolia - Harebell
- Campanula rupestris
- Campanula sarmatica
- Campanula sartorii
- Campanula saxatilis
- Campanula saxifraga
- Campanula scabrella
- Campanula scouleri
- Campanula sibirica
- Campanula spicata
- Campanula spruneriana
- Campanula stevenii
- Campanula stricta
- Campanula strigosa
- Campanula teucrioides
- Campanula takesimana - Korean bellflower
- Campanula thessela
- Campanula thrysoides
- Campanula tomentosa
- Campanula tommasiniana
- Campanula trachelium - Nettle-leaved bellflower
- Campanula trautvetteri
- Campanula tridentata
- Campanula uniflora
- Campanula versicolor
- Campanula vidalii
- Campanula violae
- Campanula waldsteiniana
- Campanula zoysii
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[edit] References and external links
Campanula was the name of one of Fiore's three flowers in the Sailor Moon R movie.
