Catlins River Branch
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The Catlins River Branch was a branch line railway that formed part of New Zealand's national rail network. It ran through the Catlins region in southwestern Otago and was built in sections between 1879 and 1915. It closed in 1971. Along the line was the Hunts Road tunnel, the southernmost tunnel in New Zealand.
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[edit] Construction
The line was built mainly to provide access to timber for logging companies, as the thickly wooded Catlins region was very difficult to access at the time. The first contract for construction was let in April 1879, but it wasn't until 15 December 1885 that the first 12.79 kilometres to Romahapa from the junction with the Main South Line in Balclutha was opened. The next stage to Glenomaru added ten more kilometres to the line and opened on 7 July 1891. The opening of the following section was delayed by difficulties in boring the Hunts Road tunnel, and it was on 16 December 1895 that the branch was opened to Tahora. The present-day largest town in the district, Owaka, was reached on 22 June 1896, bringing the line to a length of 31.06 kilometres. Three years later, construction of the line recommenced, but the difficult terrain meant that it wasn't until 1 August 1904 that the next five kilometres to Ratanui opened. Another five kilometres, another five years; Houipapa was reached on 17 December 1909. The line eventually reached its ultimate terminus of Tahakopa on 17 February 1915. There were proposals to extend the line to meet the Tokanui Branch, but the rugged landscape proved to be a deterrent and the plans were abandoned.
It is worth noting that as the line was built, short private bush tramways were built from it to local sawmills to facilitate easy transportation of lumber to the railway.
[edit] Stations
The following stations were on the Catlins River Branch (distance from junction in brackets):
- Finegand (4 km)
- Otanomomo (6 km)
- Romahapa (13 km)
- Glenomaru (23 km)
- Hunts Road (26 km)
- Tahora (29 km)
- Owaka (31 km)
- Ratanui (36 km)
- Houipapa (41 km)
- Tawanui (46 km)
- Puketiro (52 km)
- Caberfeidh (56 km)
- Maclennan (61 km)
- Stuarts (64 km)
- Tahakopa (68 km)
[edit] Operation
Traffic from the many local sawmills provided substantial freight traffic, and up to sixteen trains a week would operate. These trains were "mixed" services that carried passengers as well as freight, but on Tuesdays, the market day in the Catlins, a dedicated passenger service would run to Balclutha to connect with the express to Dunedin. Passenger traffic began to decline in the 1930s, and although it improved during World War II, the return of peace brought the return of the decline, and on 30 November 1958, passenger services on the line were cancelled. A couple of years previously, the locomotive depot in Tahakopa had closed on 12 August 1956. The local residents had strong feelings for their railway, and when the last Tahakopa-based engine, A 476, departed the isolated terminus, "Now is the Hour" was sung and a wreath was placed on the locomotive.
With the closure of the Tahakopa depot, trains began operating from Balclutha instead, and with the cessation of passenger services, a freight train ran thrice weekly to Tahakopa (Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays), and a fourth service ran as far as Owaka on Tuesdays. The sawmilling industry had been thriving in the 1930s, but three decades later, it was in sharp decline, and agricultural traffic for farms around Owaka had also fallen. Local residents protested the announcement of the line's closure in July 1970, but the railway administration stood firm and confirmed in October that the date of closure would be 27 February 1971. A number of final excursions were held, with the very last proving to be quite eventful. AB 795 (now preserved to run the Kingston Flyer) lost its sanding ability as it climbed from Owaka to Takahopa and therefore could not grip the rails. Although repairs were conducted at the terminus, the engine's firebox arch collapsed on the return journey and DJ 1243 had to run the train from Owaka back to Dunedin, finally arriving at 1am the next morning.
The line's closure did not affect the first four kilometres to Finegand, which is still open as an industrial siding to a freezing works.
[edit] The branch today
Although remnants of closed railways diminish and disappear as a result of both nature and human activity, the Catlins River Branch is a remarkably well preserved line, no doubt due to its isolated location. The Hunts Road tunnel is preserved by the New Zealand Department of Conservation and can be walked; the old railway's formation to the tunnel is quite visible at this point, as it is at many other locations along the line. Goods sheds and station buildings still stand in MacLennan, Romahapa (in this case, the station building has been resited), Takahopa, and Tawanui. Station buildings can also be found at Puketiro and Caberfeidh. In Takahopa, some rails are embedded in a road by the yard's former site, wheels from logging trolleys used on a bush tramway remain at the location of Stuarts yard, and the bridge over the Romahapa Creek continues to stand.
[edit] External link
[edit] Resources
- Churchman, Geoffrey B., and Hurst, Tony; The Railways Of New Zealand: A Journey Through History, HarperCollins Publishers (New Zealand), 1991 reprint
- Leitch, David, and Scott, Brian; Exploring New Zealand's Ghost Railways, Grantham House, 1998 revised edition
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