Chalon
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| Chalon (Soledad) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | United States (California) | |
| Total speakers: | extinct | |
| Language family: | Penutian Yok-Utian Utian Costanoan Northern Ohlone Chalon (Soledad) |
|
| Writing system: | Latin alphabet | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | - | |
| ISO 639-2: | nai | |
| ISO 639-3: | cst | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See IPA chart for English for an English-based pronunciation key. | ||
The Chalon (also known as Soledad) are one of eight divisions of the Ohlone (Coastanoan) people groups of Native Americans who lived in Northern California. The Chalon lived in the Salinas Valley and on the Salinas River.
Chalon (also called Soledad) is also the name of their spoken language, listed as one of the Costanoan language dialects in the Utian family. It may be transitional between Northern and Southern Ohlone.[1]
The Chalon were considered hunter-gatherers with rudimentary methods of harvesting and agriculture in the region since 500 AD. Their territory was bordered by the Mutsun (another Ohone division) to the east, Rumsen (another Ohlone division) to the north, Esselen to the west, and Salinan to the south.
During the era of Spanish missions in California, the Chalon people's lives changed with the Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, founded in 1791 built in the middle of their territory. Most moved into the mission and were baptized, lived and educated to be Catholic neophytes, also known as Mission Indians, until the mission was discontinued by the Mexican Governement in 1834.
[edit] Chalon tribes and villages
The village included the Wacharo-n, who lived near the current location of Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad on the Salinas River.[2]
[edit] References
- ^ Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 15th edition. Dallas, TX: SIL International.
- ^ Kroeber, 1925, Map p. 465
- Kroeber, Alfred L. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. Washington, D.C: Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. (map of villages, page 465)
- Milliken, Randall. A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area 1769-1910 Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press Publication, 1995. ISBN 0-87919-132-5 (alk. paper)
- Teixeira, Lauren. The Costanoan/Ohlone Indians of the San Francisco and Monterey Bay Area, A Research Guide. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press Publication, 1997. ISBN 0-87919-141-4.
| Ohlone/Costanoan Indigenous People of California |
|---|
| Sub-Groups: |
| Karkin • Chochenyo • Ramaytush • Tamyen • Awaswas • Mutsun • Rumsen • Chalon • List of Tribes & Villages |
| Culture: |
| Mythology • Traditional Narratives • Utian languages • Hunting & Gathering • Native American |
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