Chochenyo
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| Chochenyo (East Bay) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | United States (California) | |
| Total speakers: | extinct | |
| Language family: | Penutian Yok-Utian Utian Costanoan Northern Ohlone Chochenyo (East Bay) |
|
| Writing system: | Latin alphabet | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | - | |
| ISO 639-2: | nai | |
| ISO 639-3: | cst | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See IPA chart for English for an English-based pronunciation key. | ||
The Chochenyo (also called Chocheño, Chocenyo) are one of the divisions of the indigenous Ohlone (Coastanoan) people of Northern California. The Chochenyo resided on the east side of the San Francisco Bay (the "East Bay"), primarily in what is now Alameda County, and also Contra Costa County, inland to the Mount Diablo coastal mountains.
Chochenyo (also called Chocheño and East Bay Costanoan) is also the name of their spoken language, one of the Costanoan dialects in the Utian family. Linguistically, Chochenyo, Tamyen and Ramaytush are thought to be close dialects of a single language.
The Ohlone tribes were hunter-gatherers who moved into the San Francisco Bay Region around 500 AD, displacing earlier Esselen people.[1] In Chochenyo territory, recent datings of the ancient Emeryville Shellmounds and Newark Shellmounds attest to people residing in the Bay Area since the 4000 BC.[2]
Chochenyo territory was bordered by the Karkin to the north (at Mount Diablo), the Tamyen to the south and southwest, the San Francisco Bay to the west, and overlapped a bit with the Bay Miwok and Yokuts to the east.
During the California Mission Era, the Chochenyo's moved in masses to the Mission San Francisco de Asís (founded in 1776) in San Francisco, and Mission San José of Fremont (founded in 1797). Most moved into one of these missions and were baptized, lived and educated to be Catholic neophytes, also known as Mission Indians, until the missions were discontinued by the Mexican Government in 1834. Then the people found themselves landless. A large majority of the Chochenyo died from disease in the missions and shortly thereafter, only a fragment remained by 1900.
Today, the Chochenyo have joined with the other San Francisco Bay Area Ohlone people under the name of the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe. The Muwekma Ohlone are currently petitioning for U.S. federal recognition.
[edit] Chochenyo tribes and villages
The East Bay and eastward mountain valleys were populated with dozens of Chochenyo tribes and villages. See:
[edit] External Links
- Chochenyo revival ("Release")
- Chochenyo revival ("Faith in Words")
- Chochenyo revitalization - language
- Muwekma Ohlone Tribe website
- Muwekma request for federal tribal recognition Court opinion 9/21/06
[edit] References
- Kroeber, Alfred L. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. Washington, D.C: Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. (map of villages, page 465)
- Milliken, Randall. A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area 1769-1910 Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press Publication, 1995. ISBN 0-87919-132-5 (alk. paper)
- Teixeira, Lauren. The Costanoan/Ohlone Indians of the San Francisco and Monterey Bay Area, A Research Guide. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press Publication, 1997. ISBN 0-87919-141-4.
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This California-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
| Ohlone/Costanoan Indigenous People of California |
|---|
| Sub-Groups: |
| Karkin • Chochenyo • Ramaytush • Tamyen • Awaswas • Mutsun • Rumsen • Chalon • List of Tribes & Villages |
| Culture: |
| Mythology • Traditional Narratives • Utian languages • Hunting & Gathering • Native American |
