Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck
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| Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck | |
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| In office 10 August 1929 – 26 May 1933 |
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| Preceded by | Dirk Jan de Geer |
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| Succeeded by | Hendrik Colijn |
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| In office 9 September 1918 – 4 August 1925 |
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| Preceded by | Pieter Cort van der Linden |
| Succeeded by | Hendrik Colijn |
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| Born | December 1, 1873 Roermond, Netherlands |
| Died | April 17, 1936 Utrecht, Netherlands |
| Constituency | Gulpen (Limburg) |
| Political party | Roomsch-Katholieke Staatspartij |
| Spouse | Jkvr. Maria Josephina Ernestina Alexandrina van der Heyden |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
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Jhr. Charles Joseph Maria Ruijs de Beerenbrouck (born December 1, 1873 – died April 17, 1936) was Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1918 to 1925 and again from 1929 to 1933. He was a member of the Roman Catholic RKSP.
[edit] Early life
Charles Joseph Maria Ruijs de Beerenbrouck was born on December 1, 1873 in Roermond, a town with a Bishop's see in the province of Limburg, in the very south of The Netherlands. Born into an aristocratic family, he grew up in a predominantly Roman Catholic community and went to school in Maastricht and in The Hague. He attended the Utrecht University and in 1895 Ruijs de Beerenbrouck obtained his master's degree in law at the Leiden University.
[edit] Career
He started his career in 1896 as a lawyer in Maastricht. In 1899 Ruijs de Beerenbrouck became a member of the Maastricht City council and in 1905 he was elected as a member of parliament (in Dutch called the Tweede Kamer). Ruijs de Beerenbrouck remained a city councillor and a member of parliament until May 16, 1918, when he became Governor (in other Dutch Provinces called a Queen's Commissioner) of the provincie of Limburg.
Ruijs de Beerenbrouck did not stay in office as Governor for long, as on September 9, 1918 he was appointed as Prime Minister of the Netherlands.
As Prime Minister he had to deal with the aftermath of World War I. Although The Netherlands remained neutral during the conflict, Ruijs de Beerenbrouck nevertheless was facing several problems, especially the return of German troops through the province of Limburg and the exile of the German emperor Wilhelm II.
In November 1918 the leader of the Sociaal Democratische Arbeiders Partij (SDAP) (Social-Democratic Labour Party), Pieter Jelles Troelstra, inspired by the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the German Revolution of 1918 called for a socialist revolution among the working class. Fortunately for Ruijs de Beerenbrouck, the revolution attempt of Troelstra met with little enthusiasm. However, in order to satisfy the working class, he enacted several social reforms.
From 1925 to 1929 Ruijs de Beerenbrouck was chairman of the Tweede Kamer.
During his third cabinet Ruijs de Beerenbrouck had to deal with the worldwide Great Depression of 1929 and the early 1930s, which had crippling effects on the Dutch economy, effects which lasted longer than they did in most European countries. The depression lead to large unemployment and poverty, as well as increasing social unrest. Ruijs de Beerenbrouck was forced to cut down government expenses and to devaluate the national currency, the Guilder, but these measures only worsened the effects of the economic crisis.
In February 1933 the third cabinet Ruijs de Beerenbrouck ordered the bombing of the navy cruiser "De Zeven Provinciën", when sailors aboard the cruiser, cruising near Sumatra, mutinied because of the cutting of their wages. Twenty three mutineers were killed, resulting in a prolonged controversy and recriminations (see Mutiny on "De Zeven Provinciën").
In 1933 Ruijs de Beerenbrouck again became chairman of the Tweede Kamer. He remained chairman of the Tweede Kamer until his death.
Ruijs de Beerenbrouck died on April 17, 1936 in Utrecht.
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Kappeyne van de Coppello • Van Lynden van Sandenburg • Heemskerk Azn. • Mackay • Van Tienhoven • Roëll • Pierson • Kuyper • De Meester • Heemskerk • Cort van der Linden • Ruijs de Beerenbrouck • Colijn • De Geer • Gerbrandy • Schermerhorn • Beel • Drees • De Quay • Marijnen • Cals • Zijlstra • De Jong • Biesheuvel • Den Uyl • Van Agt • Lubbers • Kok • Balkenende |
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Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp | Anne Willem Carel van Nagell van Ampsen | Johann Gotthard Reinhold | Willem Frederik van Reede | Patrice Claude Ghislain de Coninck | Johan Gijsbert Verstolk van Soelen | Hugo van Zuylen van Nijevelt | Jan Willem Huyssen van Kattendijke | Willem Anne Schimmelpenninck van der Oye | James Albert Henry de la Sarraz | Lodewijk Napoleon van Randwijck | Gerrit Schimmelpenninck | Arnold Adolf Bentinck van Nijenhuis | Leonardus Antonius Lightenvelt | Herman van Sonsbeeck | Jacob van Zuylen van Nijevelt | Floris Adriaan van Hall | Daniël Théodore Gevers van Endegeest | Jan Karel van Goltstein | Floris Adriaan van Hall | Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt | Louis Napoleon van der Goes van Dirxland | Jacob van Zuylen van Nijevelt | Martin Pascal Hubert Strens | Anthony Jan Lucas Stratenus | Paul Therèse van der Maesen de Sombreff | Willem Johan Cornelis Huyssen van Kattendijke | Eppo Cremers | Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt | Joannes Josephus van Mulken | Theodorus Marinus Roest van Limburg | Joannes Josephus van Mulken | Louis Gericke van Herwijnen | Joseph van der Does de Willebois | Willem van Heeckeren van Kell | Constantijn Theodoor van Lynden van Sandenburg | Willem Frederik Rochussen | Joseph van der Does de Willebois | Marc Willem du Tour van Bellinchave | Abraham Pieter Cornelis van Karnebeek | Cornelis Hartsen | Gijsbert van Tienhoven | Joannes Coenraad Jansen | Joan Röell | Willem Hendrik de Beaufort | Robert Melvil van Lynden | Abraham George Ellis | Willem Marcus van Weede van Berencamp | Abraham George Ellis | Dirk Arnold Willem van Tets van Goudriaan | René de Marees van Swinderen | Pieter Cort van der Linden | John Loudon | Herman Adriaan van Karnebeek | Frans Beelaerts van Blokland | Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck | Andries Cornelies Dirk de Graeff | Hendrikus Colijn | Jacob Adriaan Nicolaas Patijn | Eelco van Kleffens | Herman van Roijen | Pim van Boetzelaer van Oosterhout | Dirk Stikker | Jan Willem Beyen | Joseph Luns | Norbert Schmelzer | Max van der Stoel | Chris van der Klaauw | Max van der Stoel | Dries van Agt | Hans van den Broek | Pieter Kooijmans | Hans van Mierlo | Jozias van Aartsen | Jaap de Hoop Scheffer | Ben Bot | Maxime Verhagen
Julius Constantijn Rijk | Guillaume Louis Baud | Engelbertus Batavus van den Bosch | Charles Ferdinand Pahud | Pieter Mijer | Jan Jacob Rochussen | Johannes Servaas Lotsy* | Jean Pierre Cornets de Groot van Kraaijenburg | James Loudon | Gerhard Hendrik Uhlenbeck | Gerardus Henri Betz* | Isaäc Dignus Fransen van de Putte | Pieter Mijer | Nicolaas Trakranen | Johannes Jerphaas Hasselman | Engelbertus de Waal | Lodewijk Gerard Brocx | Pieter Philip van Bosse | Isaäc Dignus Fransen van de Putte | Willem van Goltstein van Oldenaller | Fokko Alting Mees | Pieter Philip van Bosse | Hendrikus Octavius Wichers | Otto van Rees | Willem van Goltstein van Oldenaller | Willem Maurits de Brauw | Willem Frederik van Erp Taalman Kip* | Franciscus Gerard van Bloemen Waanders | August Willem Philip Weitzel* | Jacobus Petrus Sprenger van Eyk | Levinus Wilhelmus Christiaan Keuchenius | Æneas Mackay d. J. | Willem Karel van Dedem | Jacob Hendrik Bergsma | Jacob Theodoor Cremer | Titus van Asch van Wijck | Johannes Willem Bergansius* | Alexander Willem Frederik Idenburg | Dirk Fock | Theodorus Heemskerk* | Alexander Willem Frederik Idenburg | Jan Hendrik de Waal Malefijt | Thomas Bastiaan Pleyte | Jean Jacques Rambonnet | Alexander Willem Frederik Idenburg | Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck* | Simon de Graaff | Hendrikus Colijn* | Charles Welter | Jacob Christiaan Koningsberger | Simon de Graaff | Hendrikus Colijn | Charles Welter | Cornelis van den Bussche | Charles Welter | Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy | Hubertus van Mook
*denotes interim
