Chloralkali process
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A chloralkali process is any which produces chlorine or a related oxidizer, such as bleaching powder and an alkaline salt such as sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate.
Electrolysis of an aqueous solution of aqueous sodium chloride produces chlorine and sodium hydroxide by the following:
Anode reaction:
- 2Cl– → Cl2 + 2e–
Cathode reactions:
- 2Na+ + 2e– → 2Na
- 2Na + 2H2O → 2Na+ + 2OH– + H2
In the membrane cell, the anode and cathode are separated by an ion-permeable membrane. Saturated brine is fed to the compartment with the anode (the anolyte). A DC current is passed through the cell and the NaCl splits into its constituent components. The membrane passes Na+ ions to the cathode compartment (catholyte), where it forms sodium hydroxide in solution. The chloride ions are oxidised to chlorine gas at the anode, which is collected, purified and stored. Hydrogen gas and Hydroxide ions are formed at the cathode.
[edit] History
diaphragm cell, mercury cell, membrane cell... it formed in formation of salt
[edit] Links
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROLYSIS • Electrochemical cell • Electrolytic process • Faraday's law of electrolysis • Half cell • High-temperature electrolysis • Standard electrode potential
ELECTROLYTIC PROCESSES • Betts electrolytic process • Castner Process • Castner-Kellner process • Chloralkali process • Downs Cell • Electrolysis of water • Electrowinning • Hall-Héroult process • Hofmann voltameter • Kolbe electrolysis
MATERIALS PRODUCED BY ELECTROLYSIS • Aluminum • Calcium metal • Chlorine • Copper • Electrolyzed water • Fluorine • Hydrogen • Lithium metal • Magnesium • Potassium metal • Sodium metal • Sodium hydroxide • Zinc
SEE ALSO • Electrochemistry • Standard electrode potential (data page)
