Chowringhee Avenue

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Chowringhee Avenue or Chowringhee Road is the arterial road running from the eastern fringes of Esplanade southwards up to the Rabindra Sadan and Bhowanipore area, in the city of Calcutta, India. It is the single most important road of the metropolis of Kolkata.

The present name of this thoroughfare is Jawaharlal Nehru Road.

[edit] History

Arguably one of the first roads in the city, prior to the coming of the British, the road used to link the villages of Kalighat and Chowringhee. The village of Chowringhee was named after a Jain religious figure of those days, and the name stuck on in spite of the British rule and was changed only after the independence of India.

After the British started expanding their settlement outside the Fort area in the mid-18th century, the area around Chowringhee was one of the first expansions. And the same area remained their pride and commercial centre until their departure in 1947. During the early British developments around the Chowringhee area, they built huge bungalows and houses all along the eastern end of the road, thus earning Kolkata the sobriquet - 'City of Palaces'. It was really a wonderful era of Kolkata, which came to be the second city of the British empire. Rows of huge palatial houses flanked by gardens and the area along the western edge of the road was a huge open area called the Maidan. The Maidan was intentionally kept open and development-free due to security purposes of Fort William.

Later there were tanks made on the western stretch of the road at each important crossing right from the Lower Circular Road junction (now the Exide crossing) to the Esplanade near Curzon Park. Of these only a couple exist now - the Manohar Das Tarag and the one at the junction of Park Street and Chowringhee. Of the reclaimed tanks, one was where the Calcutta Information Centre and the Maidan Police Station now stand, another one where the Maidan metro station now stand and still a third on where the Esplanade bus-terminus now stand. The beauty of the road no longer exists and can only be seen in drawings and sketches of the bygone era.

With the advent of trams, tram-tracks were laid along the western edge of Chowringhee to connect the area of Tollygunge to Esplanade. These tracks, also, no longer exist.

Of the huge bungalows and houses of the era, only a few still remain - the Oberoi Grand Hotel, the Janbazar Building (which was owned by Rani Rashmoni), at the junction of Corporation Street (now S.N.Banerjee Road) and Chowringhee, the Asiatic Society, at the Park Street crossing, are the well known ones. Some buildings from a latter period include the Kanak Building (housing offices of Citibank now) at the junction of Middleton Street and Chowringhee, Virginia House (housing the headquarters of ITC) and the New Market Watch Tower building. The building at the Lindsay Street intersection, which used to house the famous Italian joint Firpo's, was razed in a blaze in 2002.

Chowringhee still remains very much the heart of Kolkata and the place of choice for many large business houses. But in spite of all the changes one thing remains constant - "When you build on Chowringhee, build like it like Chowringhee, in style". This saying of old must have been followed by each architect who designed the newer buildings on Chowringhee, showcasing their extravagant self. Examples include the Tata Center at the intersection of Harrington Street (now Ho Chinh Minh Sarani), Jeevan Deep (at the Middleton Street intersection), Everest Towers (next to Tata Center), SAIL Building, the Reliance House, the Metro Railway Building, among others.

[edit] Places of Interest

Chowringhee is not only the commercial heart of the city, but also the cultural heart. The Indian Museum and the Government Art College are located here, along with the afore-mentioned Asiatic Society. The Bishop's House, housing the residence of the Bishop of Kolkata and St. Paul's Cathedral, is located here.

The B.M. Birla Planetarium is on the junction of Chowringhee and Cathedral road, the Victoria Memorial is a stone's throw away on Queensway. The neo-cultural centres of Nandan, Rabindra Sadan and the Academy are next to Chowringhee on Lower Circular Road and the Cathedral Road.

The Tipu Sultan Mosque is at the intersection of Chowringhee, Central Avenue (now Chittaranjan Avenue) and Dharmatolla Street (now Lenin Sarani)

The Chowringhee is home to four stations of the Kolkata Metro ie. , Esplanade, Park Street, Maidan and Rabindra Sadan.

The huge expanse of the Maidan is busy throughout the year with fairs and political meetings.