Evolution-Data Optimized
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Evolution-Data Optimized, abbreviated as EV-DO or EVDO and often EV, is a wireless radio broadband data standard adopted by many CDMA mobile phone service providers in United States, Canada, Mexico, Europe, Asia, Russia, Brazil, and Australia. It is standardized by 3GPP2, as part of the CDMA2000 family of standards.
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[edit] Overview
The initial design of EV-DO was developed by Qualcomm in 1999 to meet IMT-2000 requirements for a greater-than-2-Mbit/s downlink for stationary communications. Initially, the standard was called HDR (High Data Rate), but was renamed to 1xEV-DO after it was ratified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU); it was given the numerical designation IS-856. Originally, 1xEV-DO stood for "1x Evolution-Data Only", referring to its being a direct evolution of the 1x (1xRTT) air interface standard, with its channels carrying only data traffic. (The title of the 1xEV-DO standard document is "cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Specification", as cdma2000 (lowercase) is another name for the 1x standard, numerically designated as IS-2000.) Later, likely due to the possible negative connotations of the word "only", the "DO" part of the standard's name 1xEV-DO was changed to stand for "Data Optimized". So EV-DO now stands for "Evolution-Data Optimized", the 1x prefix has been dropped by the many major carriers, and is marketed simply as EV-DO. [5] This provides a more marketing-friendly emphasis that the technology was optimized for data transfers.
Compared to the EDGE networks employed by GSM networks, the EV-DO feature of CDMA2000 networks is significantly faster, providing access to mobile devices with air interface speeds of up to 2.4 Mbps with Rev. 0 and up to 3.1 Mb/s with Rev. A. HSDPA a competing technology for W-CDMA, along with the new Qualcomm Rev A modems have the ability to maintain both circuit switched voice and packet data calls from the same radio, this functionality is not available in Qualcomm Rev. 0 chipsets.
When deployed with a voice network, EV-DO requires a separate radio channel of 1.25 MHz. EV-DO Rev. A is becoming the successor to the first revision of the standard, EV-DO Rev. 0, and is currently being commercially deployed in Japan by KDDI and in the United States by Sprint and Verizon Wireless. Rev. A offers fast packet establishment on both the forward and reverse links along with air interface enhancements that reduce latency and improve data rates. In addition to the increase in the maximum downlink rate from 2.45 Mbps to 3.1 Mbps, Rev. A has a significant improvement in the maximum uplink data rate, from 153 kbps to 1.8 Mb/s. This improvement assumes early acknowledgment of the first subpacket, typical data rates therefore average below 1 Mbps.
Here are real world EVDO Rev0 and RevA performance results for Sprint and Verizon.
[edit] EV-DO Rev B
The EV-DO Rev B specification is the progressive evolution of the EV-DO Rev A specification. EV-DO Rev B maintains the capabilities of EVDO Rev A, and provides the following enhancements:
- Higher rates per carrier (up to 4.9 Mbps on the downlink).
- Higher rates by bundling multiple channels together enhances user experience and enables new services such as high definition video streaming.
- Utilizes statistical multiplexing across channels to further reduce latency, enhancing the experience for latency-sensitive services such as gaming, video telephony, remote console sessions and web browsing.
- Hybrid frequency re-use which reduces the interference from the adjacent sectors and improves the rates that can be offered, especially to users at the edge of the cell.
- Efficient support for services that have asymmetric download and upload requirements such as file transfers, web browsing, and broadband multimedia content delivery.
[edit] EV-DO Rev C
[edit] Potential competing standards
Motorola proposed a new system called 1Xtreme as an evolution of CDMA2000, but it was rejected by 3GPP2 standardization body. Later, a competing standard called EV-DV (which was developed by Qualcomm, Lucent, Nokia, Motorola, etc. in 3GPP2) was proposed as an alternate evolution of CDMA. EV-DV stands for Evolution-Data and Voice, since the channel structure was backwards compatible with IS-95 and IS-2000 (1xRTT), allowing an in-band network deployment. (EV-DO requires an overlay network when deployed in mixed mode.)
At the time, there was much debate as to the favorability of DV and DO. Traditional operators with an existing voice network preferred deploying DV, since it does not require an overlay. Other design engineers, and newer operators without a 1x voice network felt that EV-DO was a superior choice to EV-DV because it did not have to be backward compatible, and thus was free to explore different pilot structures, reverse link silence periods, improved control channels, etc. In addition, since EV-DO uses an IP network and does not require a SS7 network and complex network switches such as an MSC (mobile switching center), the network cost is less than that of EV-DV. Another factor that affected operators' decision to use EV-DO was equipment was not available for EV-DV in time to meet market demands whereas the EV-DO equipment and mobile ASICs were available and tested by the time the EV-DV standard was completed. As a result, the EV-DV standard was less attractive to operators, and has not been implemented. With the announcement by Verizon Wireless and later Sprint in 2004 of plans for deployment of EV-DO, and similar announcements by smaller operators in 2005, Qualcomm in March 2005 suspended development of EV-DV chipsets, and focused its efforts toward improving the EV-DO product line.
Several networks are transitioning their customers to HSDPA networks. In Australia, Telstra has announced the closure of its EV-DO network and is moving customers to its faster HSDPA network. In South Korea, KTF and SK Telecom have stopped investing in their CDMA2000 networks and from early 2007 will begin transitioning customers to their new HSDPA networks.
Producers interest in CDMA is decreasing too. Nokia stated their decision to pull out of CDMA R&D, with the intention to continue CDMA business in selected markets.[1]
[edit] Service providers
In the U.S., Sprint, Verizon Wireless, and Alltel have completed significant deployment of EV-DO since 2004. Sprint currently has the largest EVDO network, which covers a population over 209 million with plans to reach over 250 million by end of 2007. Sprint covers 140 million population with RevA as of Mar 1 '07. Verizon Wireless EV-DO is available to more than 200 million people in 242 Major Metropolitan Areas and 180 primary airports and Sprint has EV-DO rolled out to 260 Major Metropolitan Areas, over 10,000 cities and over 1000 airports. Sprint in the US, Iusacell Mexico and Bell Mobility now have EVDO roaming agreements. Alltel currently offers service in 40 major cities (market areas with over 200,000 people), and will expand to cover more than 40 cities and has some states almost entirely covered with EVDO. Sprint signed a roaming agreement with Alltel for both voice and (1xRTT & EV-DO) data roaming that began Q32006. The new agreement gives customers of both companies free access to each others networks giving Sprint and Alltel significantly the largest EVDO network in the US. Sprint also now offers 1xRTT data roaming on the Verizon Wireless network. This new agreement is also reciprocal for both carriers customer base.
A list of US markets with EV-DO is being maintained here.
- ACS Wireless - coverage in Alaska
- Alltel - coverage in approximately 50 markets as well as non-overlaying sprint markets.
- Ampd - Coverage in the USA, On the Verizon network.
- Bell Mobility - coverage in Canada. Sprint roams EVDO on Bell Canada.
- Bermuda Digital Communications Ltd. or CellularONE Bermuda. EV-DO Rev 0 installed in November 2005 and REV A due for Commercial deployment Nov 2006. Covering the Islands of Bermuda.
- CANTV Movilnet in Venezuela. Product name is Aba Móvil and is available in all major cities. More information about the product and coverage can be found here.
- Cellular South - coverage in Starkville, MS and surrounding areas.
- Centennial de Puerto Rico Instant Internet - coverage in metropolitan San Juan, Aguadilla, Caguas, Dorado, Mayagüez, Fajardo, Humacao, and Ponce.
- Diallog - [6] CDMA2000 and EV-DO at 450 MHz in Republic of Belarus.
- Embarq - check EV-DO coverage in your area follows Sprint coverage
- Embratel - coverage in São Paulo, Brazil. [7]
- Iusacell - coverage in México City, Monterrey, Guadalajara, and Villahermosa (has EVDO roaming agreement with Sprint).
- KDDI - Coverage over Japan. Currently providing a Rev. A network, the first carrier to do so.
- KTF - in South Korea, transitioning customers to HSDPA network
- Manitoba Telecom Services - coverage in Winnipeg and Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
- MIO - Local EVDO provider in the Netherlands Antilles
- Mobile-8 - Currently has coverage throughout Western Java (in Indonesia). Current project of expansion to rest of Java, Madura, Bali, Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi.
- Movicel - EV-DO coverage in Luanda - Angola based in CDMA Service
- Movistar Guatemala. More information can be found (in Spanish) here
- Movistar in Venezuela. More information can be found (in Spanish) here
- Neotel in South Africa. Plan to operate their 'Fixed Line' voice and data services using EV-DO technology.
- O2 (former Eurotel) in the Czech Republic has been operating a 1xEV-DO network that runs at 450 MHz since 2004.
- Pelephone - full roll out in Israel finished in 2005.
- PEOPLEnet - coverage in four major metropolitan areas in Ukraine. Was launched commercially in February 2007.
- Rwandatel Name of service EVDO City of Kigali Covered.
- Sferia offering EV-DO Rev. 0 in Warsaw region in Poland on 900 MHz since 2007-03-01.
- Telecard - limited coverage in Islamabad, Pakistan
- SK Telecom - coverage in 84 major cities in South Korea. Transitioning customers to HSDPA network. here(in Korean)
- SaskTel - coverage limited to Regina and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Starcomms - in Nigeria. Coverage is currently available in Lagos and Port Harcourt. See http://www.starcomms.com for more details.
- SkyLink (SkyLink) - coverage in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Sprint - branded as Power Vision and Mobile Broadband — check EV-DO coverage in your area, Rev 0 coverage reaches over 209 Million People, and is offered in 220 Major Metropolitan Areasand over 10,000 cities. Rev A coverage reaches 140 million in several dozen markets as of Mar 2007. The RevA upgrade should be completed on entire network by the 3Q 2007. Sprint also roams for free on Altell EVDO.
- TELUS Mobility launched its 1xEV-DO network in Canada in November 2005.
- Telecom New Zealand - coverage in all major metropolitan areas and many other towns around New Zealand.
- Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago (TSTT) - coverage in Trinidad & Tobago using AxessTel modems. Marketed as a high speed data only service, since their voice service, bMobile, is based on GSM.
- Telstra Bigpond - covers most of Australia, service being phased out with the introduction of their Next G (HSDPA) service.
- Triatel - coverage in major cities of Latvia
- US Cellular - Currently testing EVDO in the Milwaukee, WI market
- VIVO - limited coverage
- Verizon Wireless - branded as BroadbandAccess and V CAST—check EV-DO coverage in your area, Coverage reaches over 200 million people with Rev0, and is offered in 242 major metropolitan areas. RevA rollout has started as of Dec 2006.
- Worldcall Telecom Ltd. - Pakistan
- Zapp Mobile - coverage in major cities and 87% of the area of Romania—check coverage in your area here.
- Zapp Radiomóvel - coverage in major cities and 90% of populated area of Portugal—check coverage in your area here (in Portuguese).
[edit] Data cards
- Huawei EC500
- Kyocera KPC650
- Novatel Wireless Merlin V620 / Merlin S620 Rev 0 / Merlin S720 Rev A (first Rev A card on Sprint - S720 More Info)
- Pantech PX-500
- Sierra Wireless AirCard 580 / AirCard 595 - Sprint Rev.A
- UTStarcom PC5220
- UTStarcom PC5740 (only EV-DO card without antenna port)
- Sprint Novatel U720 USB Mobile Broadband modem [8]
[edit] Phones
Some phones for North America that are 1xEV-DO-enabled are:
- Audiovox PPC 6600 (Windows Mobile 2003, SE based) (Also known as the i-mate PDA2k EV-DO see below)
- LG VX-9900 (Also known as the "enV")
- LG VX-9800 (Also known as the "V")
- LG VX-8000
- LG VX-8100
- LG VX-8300
- LG VX-8500 (Also known as the "Chocolate")
- LG VX-8600 (Also known as the "flip Chocolate")
- UTStarcom XV6600 (Also known as the i-mate PDA2k EV-DO see below)
- UTStarcom PPC6700/XV6700 (Also known as the HTC Apache)
- UTStarcom CDM-8940
- Samsung SCH-A890
- Samsung SPH-A900/Mobile ESPN ACE
- Samsung SPH-a920
- Samsung SCH-a930
- Samsung SPH-A940
- Samsung SCH-A950
- Samsung SCH-i730
- Samsung SCH-M500
- Motorola E815/E816
- Motorola Q
- Motorola RAZR V3c (Certain providers offer only "non-EVDO" model of this phone)
- Motorola RAZR V3m
- Motorola KRZR K1m
- Motorola SLVR L7c
- i-mate PDA2k EV-DO
- Nokia 6305i
- Nokia 6315i
- Sanyo Sanyo MM-7500
- Sanyo MM-9000
- Sanyo SCP-8400
- Palm Treo 700p (Palm OS 5.4.9 based)
- Palm Treo 700w/wx (Windows Mobile 5.0.2.0 based)
- Pantech PN-8300
- Research In Motion BlackBerry 7130e
- Research In Motion BlackBerry 7250
- Research In Motion BlackBerry 8703e
- Curitel TX-160c
- VK Mobile 650C
[edit] Modems
- BlueTree BT-4600 and BT-5600 are rugged industrial EV-DO modems commonly used in public safety, telemetry & SCADA, vehicle tracking, and network router backup for the Alltel, Sprint, Verizon, Bell Mobility, and Telus Mobility networks.
- Dell Wireless 5700 Mobile Broadband ExpressCard For Verizon Wireless For Dell Latitude Portables
- Axesstel
- Franklin Wireless CDU-550 (USB EV-DO cards, Win/Mac/Linux supported -
- AirLink Pinpoint, Airlink Raven - modems for industrial and commercial fixed and mobile applications for Verizon Wireless, Sprint, Alltel, Bell Mobility and Telus Mobility
- Sierra AirCard 595U (Rev A USB modem)
- Maxon Minimax - USB Modem used in Australia
[edit] Mobile computing
- Dell XPS M1210 Supports Embedded EVDO Rev.0
- Dell Latitude D620 Supports Embedded EVDO Rev.0
- Dell Latitude D820 Supports Embedded EVDO Rev.0
- Several Panasonic Toughbook models support EVDO rev.0.
- Lenovo Thinkpad T60p / Z60t / X60t
- Sony VAIO TX
[edit] Cellular routers
- BlueTree BT-4600 and BT-5600 are rugged industrial EV-DO modems commonly used in public safety, telemetry & SCADA, vehicle tracking, and network router backup for the Alltel, Sprint, Verizon, Bell Mobility, and Telus Mobility networks.
- AirLink Communications - modems for industrial and commercial fixed and mobile applications for Verizon Wireless, Sprint, Alltel, Bell Mobility and Telus Mobility
- Junxion, Inc. offers two flexible cellular routers (one with Wi-Fi LAN, one without)for large and/or sophisticated enterprise and government deployments.
- Kyocera/D-Link KR1 mobile router for consumers
- Mako Networks offers access routers and service management solutions for broadband connectivity including EV-DO. Mako provides a router with vpn, firewall, content filtering, mail sanitization, advanced usage control, proactive accounting and management services for mobile carriers to offer as a managed service to small and medium enterprises.
- Maxon Ethermax
- Verilink NetPath 2000 VPN router for secure enterprise customers
- WAAV - WAAV offers several Wi-Fi mobile broadband routers, including the WAAV CM3 cellular router. These modem/routers are made specifically for vehicular applications since they are ruggedized with external antennas and have a fully-integrated modem inside the unit (no PCMCIA cards to slide in or out). They are the only broadband router integrated with GPS for enterprise fleet tracking.
[edit] Network equipment suppliers
The following companies are leading providers of EV-DO infrastructure equipment:
- Lucent is the leading supplier for a majority of CDMA operators, including Verizon Wireless, Sprint Nextel,
- Huawei
- Airvana is a Boston, MA-based startup supplying equipment to Ericsson and Nortel.
- Ericsson has done several trials in China and has commercial deployment in South America.
- Nortel
- Motorola
- Samsung
- Maxon Australia
- ZTE has deployed CDMA EVDO network successfully in Sudan and Morocco
[edit] References and footnotes
[edit] External links
- 3GPP2.org CDMA-2000 standards documents
- CDMA Development Group (CDG)
- CDG 3G News Latest 3G News
- TelcoiQ.com Research EVDO providers
- 3gtoday.com 3G Carrier/Phone info site
- EVDOforums.com EVDO Discussion Group
- EVDOmaps.com User based EVDO mapping tool
