Extracellular fluid
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Extracellular fluid (ECF) usually denotes all body fluid outside of cells. The remainder is called intracellular fluid.
In some animals, including mammals, the extracellular fluid can be divided into 2 major subcompartments, interstitial fluid and blood plasma. The extracellular fluid also includes the transcellular fluid; making up only about 2.5 percent of the ECF.
In humans, the normal glucose concentration of extracellular fluid that is regulated by homeostasis is approximately 5 mM.
The pH of extracellular fluid is tightly regulated by buffers around 7.4.
The volume of ECF is typically 15L (of which 12L is interstitial fluid and 3L as plasma)
[edit] Contents of ECF
Main Cations: Sodium (140 mM) Potassium (4 mM) Calcium (2 mM)
Main Anions: Chloride (110 mM) Hydrogen Carbonate (26 mM)
It is poorer in proteins compared to intracellular fluid
[edit] External links
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Filtration: Ultrafiltration - Countercurrent exchange
Hormones affecting filtration:Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Aldosterone - Atrial natriuretic peptide
Endocrine: Renin - Erythropoietin (EPO) - Calcitriol (Active vitamin D) - Prostaglandins
Assessing Renal function / Measures of dialysis: Glomerular filtration rate - Creatinine clearance - Renal clearance ratio - Urea reduction ratio - Kt/V - Standardized Kt/V - Hemodialysis product
Fluid balance - Darrow Yannet diagram - Body water - Interstitial fluid - Extracellular fluid - Intracellular fluid/Cytosol - Plasma - Transcellular fluid - Base excess - Davenport diagram - Anion gap
Bicarbonate buffering system - Respiratory compensation - Renal compensation
