Boeing X-37

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The Boeing X-37 Advanced Technology Demonstrator is a demonstration spaceplane that is intended to test future launch technologies while in orbit and during atmospheric reentry. It is a reusable robotic spacecraft that is a 120%-scaled derivative of the X-40A. It flew its first flight as a drop test on April 7, 2006 at Edwards AFB.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Drop Test Timeline 1.2 X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle 2 Specifications (Boeing X-37) 2.1 General characteristics 2.2 Performance 3 References 4 External links 5 Related content

[edit] History

In 1999, NASA selected the Boeing Integrated Defense Systems to design and develop the vehicle, which was built by the California branch of Boeing's Phantom Works.

The X-37 was transferred from NASA to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency on September 13, 2004. The program has become a classified project, though it is not known whether DARPA will maintain this status for the project. NASA's spaceflight program will be centered around the Crew Exploration Vehicle, while DARPA will promote the X-37 as part of the independent space policy which the Department of Defense has pursued since the Challenger disaster.

This vehicle has the potential to become America's first operational military space plane, after the cancellation of Dyna-Soar. It is expected to operate in a velocity range of up to Mach 25. Among the technologies to be demonstrated with the X-37 are improved thermal protection systems, avionics, the autonomous guidance system, and an advanced airframe. The on-board engine is the Rocketdyne AR-2/3, which is fueled by hydrogen peroxide and JP-8.

The X-37 was originally designed to be carried into orbit in the space shuttle cargo bay, but underwent redesign for launch on a Delta IV or comparable rocket, when it was determined a shuttle flight would be uneconomical.

The vehicle currently operating is an atmospheric drop test vehicle. It has no propulsion system, and where the payload bay doors of an operational vehicle would be, it has a fixed strongback structure instead, to allow it to be mated with a mothership. Also, most of the thermal protection tiles are fake, made of inexpensive foam, rather than ceramic. (Certain tiles in key areas are genuine, as are the TPS blankets in areas where heating is not severe enough to require tiles.)

[edit] Drop Test Timeline

On September 2, 2004 it was reported that, for its initial atmospheric drop tests, the X-37 would be launched from the Scaled Composites White Knight, a high-altitude research aircraft better known for launching Scaled's SpaceShipOne.

On June 21, 2005 the X-37 completed a "captive-carry" flight underneath the White Knight at Mojave Spaceport, Mojave, California.^[1]

Through the second half of 2005, the X-37 underwent structural upgrades including "beefing-up" of the nose-wheel supports. Further captive-carry flight tests and the first drop-test were expected mid-February 2006.

March 10, 2006 was scheduled for X-37's public debut—first free-flight, to be broadcast live on NASA TV. However, an arctic storm covered the area, dropping snow on the Mojave. X-37 remained in the airport's Hangar 77, with an occasional engineer popping out onto the flightline to snap pics of the snow. (from Alan Radecki's Mojave photo weblog).

The next attempt at a flight, on March 15, 2006, was cancelled due to high winds. (again from The Mojave photo weblog).

March 24, 2006: Although the X-37 flies, datalink failure prevents the free-flight and the vehicle returns to the ground still docked with the White Knight carrier.

April 7, 2006: The X-37 makes its first free flight. During landing, however, an "anomaly" caused the vehicle to run off the runway, sustaining minor damage.

Following an extended down time while the vehicle was repaired, the program moved from Mojave to Air Force Plant 42 (KPMD) in Palmdale, California for the remainder of the flight test program. White Knight continued to be based at Mojave, but would ferry over to Plant 42 when flights were scheduled. Five additional flights were performed, at least one of which is believed to have been a freeflight with a successful landing.^[2]

[edit] X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle

On November 17, 2006: Space.com reported that "The U.S. Air Force announced today that it is developing an Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), based on the design of a NASA X-37 craft. It is to be designated as the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle."^[3] First flight is scheduled for fiscal year 2008, launching on an Atlas V launch vehicle from Cape Canaveral. The new OTV effort dovetails off of industry and government investments by Air Force, NASA and DARPA.

The OTV effort will be led by the Air Force Rapid Capabilities Office and includes partnerships with NASA and the Air Force Research Laboratory. Boeing is the prime contractor for the OTV program.

According to a statement from the Secretary of the Air Force, the OTV program will focus on "risk reduction, experimentation, and operational concept development for reusable space vehicle technologies, in support of long term developmental space objectives."

[edit] Specifications (Boeing X-37)

[edit] General characteristics

• Crew: none
• Capacity:
• Length: 27 ft 6 in (8.38 m)
• Wingspan: 15 ft 0 in (4.57 m)
• Height: ft in ( m)
• Wing area: ft² ( m²)
• Empty: lb ( kg)
• Loaded: 12,000 lb (5,450 kg)
• Maximum takeoff: lb ( kg)
• Powerplant: initially none, follow up vehicle may have 1× Rocketdyne AR2-3, 29.3 kN (6,580 lb_f) thrust (vacuum)

[edit] Performance

• Maximum speed: mph ( km/h)
• Range: miles ( km)
• Service ceiling: ft ( m)
• Rate of climb: ft/min ( m/min)
• Wing loading: lb/ft² ( kg/m²)
• Thrust-to-weight:

[edit] References

1. ^ Leonard David (23 June, 2005). White Knight carries X-37 aloft. CNN.
2. ^ Source of flights: mission markings posted on side of White Knight
3. ^ U.S. Air Force Pushes For Orbital Test Vehicle. Space.com. Retrieved on November 17, 2006.

[edit] External links

• NASA X-37 Fact Sheet
• Alan Radecki's Mojave photo weblog - X-37 photo collection updated March 24, 2006

[edit] Related content

Related development: Boeing X-40

Comparable aircraft:

Designation sequence: X-34 - X-35 - X-36 - X-37 - X-38 - X-40 - X-41

See also: