Brace's Emerald
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| Chlorostilbon bracei (Lawrence, 1877) |
Brace's Emerald (Chlorostilbon bracei) is an extinct species of hummingbird which was endemic to the main island of the Bahamas, New Providence.
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[edit] Description
Its size was 9.5 cm, the wing length 11.4 cm and length of the tail 2.7 cm. The black bill was slightly curved and conical pointed. The feet were black. The back had exhibit a bronce green hue with a golden gleam. The head was similar coloured like the back with the absence of the golden gloss. Directly behind the eyes was a white spot. The throat was gleamed in magnificent blue green colour hues. The abdomen had green feathers with ashgrey tips. The wings had exhibit a purplish hue. The rectrices were greenish. The crissum (this is the part beneath the tail feathers which surrounded the cloacal opening) was grey with a faint cinnamon hue at the edges.
[edit] Status and extinction
Brace's Emerald was only known for more than hundred years by one single male specimen which was shot by bird collector Lewis J. K. Brace on July 13, 1877 around three miles (4.8 kilometres) away from Nassau in the inland of New Providence. The skin which is unfortunately heavily injured at the throat is now at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. This small hummingbird was long ignored by the ornithological authorities. In 1880 it was listed without commentary as synonym of the Cuban Emerald (Chlorostilbon ricordii). Until the 1930s the unique status of the holotype was not even recognized or it was seen as deformed specimen of the Cuban Emerald which was blown to New Providence. American ornithologist James Bond was the first who was discussing about the differences between C. ricordii and C. bracei. In 1945 he splitted C. ricordii and regarded C. ricordii bracei as new subspecies. In contrast to the Cuban race the specimen from New Providence was smaller, had a longer bill and a different plumage. In 1982 palaeonthologists William Hilgartner and Storrs Olson made a sensational discovery in the deposits in a cave of New Providence. They found the fossil remains of three hummingbird species from the Pleistocene. These were the fossil giant hummingbird Philodice evelynae, Chlorostilbon ricordii and a species which was later identified as Chlorostilbon bracei. This was the evidence that Brace had discovered a new hummingbird species which lived on New Providence since the Pleistocene. It formed a relict population and probaby due to habitat loss and human disturbance (e.g. agriculture) it became extinct at the end of the 19th century.
[edit] Further reading
- Flannery, Tim & Schouten, Peter (2001): A Gap in Nature
[edit] External links
- Chlorostilbon bracei Lawrence, an extinct species of Hummingbird from New Providence Island, Bahamas (PDF, Fulltext, Engl.)
- BirdLife International (2004). Chlorostilbon bracei. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 28 October 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is listed as extinct
