Harald V of Norway

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Harald V
King of Norway
Photo by Antônio Cruz
Reign	January 17, 1991 – present
Coronation	June 23, 1991[1]
Titles	HM The King HRH The Crown Prince of Norway HH Prince Harald of Norway
Born	February 21, 1937 (age 70)
	Skaugum, Asker
Predecessor	Olav V
Heir-Apparent	Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway
Consort	Queen Sonja
Issue	Princess Märtha Louise Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway
Royal House	House of Oldenburg (Glücksburg branch)
Royal anthem	Kongesangen
Father	Olav V
Mother	Princess Märtha of Sweden

Harald V, King of Norway (born February 21, 1937) is the monarch of Norway. He succeded to the throne of Norway upon the death of his father on January 17, 1991. The son of the then Crown Prince Olav and of Princess Märtha of Sweden, Harald was born at the Crown Prince Residence at Skaugum, Asker, near Oslo.

Harald became the first Norwegian-born prince since the birth of Olav IV in 1370. As he is the great-grandson of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom, he is also in the line of succession to the British throne (currently placed 60th). He is a second cousin to Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. As King of Norway, Harald is the head of the Church of Norway.

King Harald has two sisters, Princess Ragnhild, Mrs. Lorentzen (born 1930), living in Brazil, and Princess Astrid, Mrs. Ferner (born 1932), living in Oslo.

[edit] Childhood and education

When Prince Harald was born in Skaugum, he was the first heir to the throne of Norway to be born in Norway for several hundred years. The young prince was baptised in the Royal Chapel in the Royal Palace in Oslo on 31 March by bishop Johan Lunde.

In April of 1940 the entire royal family had to flee their homes because of the German invasion. The dramatic journey northbound was marked by the Germans' repeated attempts to kill the King through bombing. It was deemed safer for the family to split up. The King and Crown Prince Olav would remain in Norway and the Crown Princess was to make her way to Sweden with the three children. The latter party reached Sweden on the night of 10 April, but although Crown Princess Märtha was Swedish-born, they encountered problems at the border station. According to Princess Astrid and others who were present, they were admitted only after the driver threatened to ram the border gate. Another account does not describe the escape so dramatically.^[2] However when the King and Crown Prince inquired of the Swedish foreign minister whether they could sleep one night in Sweden without being interned, they were denied.^[2]

Prince Harald spent the following days in Sälen before relocating to Prince Carl Bernadotte's home in Frötuna on 16 April. On 26 April the group moved to Drottningholm in Stockholm. Accounts tell us that King Gustaf V had an amicable relationship with his Norwegian guests, but the topic of the war in Norway was not to be raised. However influential Swedish politicians including Minster of Justice Westman wanted the Crown Princess and Prince Harald to be sent back to Norway so he could be proclaimed King by the Germans.^[2] After the King and Crown Prince had to leave Norway on 7 June they felt Sweden might not be the best place for the rest of the family. They started planning for them to be relocated to the USA. On 17 August the Crown Princess and her children left for the USA from Petsamo, Finland aboard the ship American Legion.^[2]

Harald and his mother and sisters lived in Washington, D.C. during the war (his father Olav and grandfather King Haakon residing in London with the exiled government). One of the notable events he remembers from that time is standing behind Franklin D. Roosevelt when he was inaugurated in the Oval office of the White House in 1941. The young prince also visited Norwegian servicemen on training in the US and Canada. He attended The White Hall Country School from 1943. Prince Harald returned to Norway along with his family at the war's end in 1945.

In the autumn of 1945 he was enrolled in third grade of Smestad skole as the first royal to attend a public school. In 1955 he graduated from Oslo Katedralskole and in the autumn of that year, Harald began studies at the University of Oslo. Later he attended the Cavalry Officers' Candidate School at Trandum, followed by enrollment at the Norwegian Military Academy, from which he graduated in 1959.

In 1960, Harald entered Balliol College, Oxford where he studied history, economics and politics until 1962. He was a keen rower during his student days at Oxford. In 1960 he also made his first official journey abroad, visiting the United States in connection with the fiftieth anniversary of the American Scandinavian Foundation.

[edit] Adult life

Styles of King Harald V of Norway
Reference style	His Majesty (Norwegian: Hans Majestet)
Spoken style	Your Majesty (Deres Majestet)
Alternative style	Sir

The Crown Prince of Norway serves as deputy of the King from the day he is 18 years of age. Crown Prince Harald attended Council of State for the first time on 27 September 1957 and took the oath to the Constitution of Norway on 21 February 1958. In the same year he also served as regent in the King's absence for the first time.

Harald married a commoner, Sonja Haraldsen, in 1968, a marriage that sparked much public controversy. The couple have two children, Princess Märtha Louise and His Royal Highness Crown Prince Haakon, heir to the Norwegian throne.

The King heads the government meetings at Oslo Palace every Friday (Council of State). He also has weekly meetings with the Prime Minister and the Foreign Minister. He receives foreign envoys, and opens parliament every September. According to the Norwegian constitution, he appoints his government. Since 1884, Norway has had a "negative parliamentarism", so the King exercises real political power only after elections resulting without a clear majority to any party (which, in fact, has been the rule for the last 20 years in Norway). He travels extensively throughout Norway and makes official state visits to other countries. He is the source of all honours in the kingdom, and is the Grand Master of the Order of St olav.

An avid sailor, Harald represented Norway in the yachting events in the Olympic Games several times during his Crown Prince years, and carried the Norwegian flag at the opening parade of the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo. With his sailing crew he won World Championship bronze, silver and gold medals, in 1988, 1982, and 1987, respectively. In July 2005, the King and his crew aboard the royal sailboat Fram XV won the gold medal at the European Championships in Sweden.

Twice during recent years King Harald has been in absence as ruler owing to hospitalization and reconvalescence: in December 2003 to mid-April 2004 due to urinary bladder cancer, and in April to early June of 2005 due to aortic stenosis (for details see "The King's health", below). Crown Prince Haakon served as the country's regent on both occasions.

[edit] Positions as King of Norway and honorary titles

From left Pentti Arajärvi, Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden,Tarja Halonen,Harald V of Norway, behind Mauno Koivisto and Taimi Tellervo Koivisto

[edit] As king of Norway

The King is the nominal head of the Church of Norway.

He is a Four-star General, an Admiral and the Supreme Commander of the Norwegian Armed Forces. The infantry battalion His Majesty the King's Guard are considered the King's and the Royal Family's bodyguards, they guard the Royal residences, including the Royal Palace and the Crown Prince Residence at Skaugum, as well as the Royal Mausoleum at Akershus Castle.

[edit] Honorary titles

Norwegian Royal Family

HM The King HM The Queen HRH The Crown Prince HRH The Crown Princess HRH Princess Ingrid Alexandra HH Prince Sverre Magnus HH Princess Märtha Louise HH Princess Ragnhild HH Princess Astrid

In the British Army, the King was the final Colonel-in-Chief of The Green Howards (Alexandra, Princess of Wales' Own Yorkshire Regiment). It remains to be seen whether there will continue to be an active association between the 2nd Battalion, Yorkshire Regiment (Green Howards) and the Norwegian Royal Family.

The King is a Knight of the Garter, and is The Grand Master of the Order of St. Olav. He is also a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, and a recipient of the Royal Victorian Chain.

The King is patron of The Anglo-Norse Society in London, together with Queen Elizabeth II. He is also patron of the Norwegian-American Foundation (Norge-Amerika Foreningen) and the Norse Federation (Nordmannsforbundet) in the United States.

He received the honorary degree Doctor of Civil Law from Oxford University in 2006 (as did his father, King Olav, in 1937, and his grandfather, King Haakon, in 1943).^[3] The King has earlier been appointed an honorary doctor of law by the University of Strathclyde (1985) in Scotland and by Waseda University (2001) in Japan (2001). He is also an honorary fellow at Balliol College.

[edit] Other honours

• Grand Master of the Royal Norwegian Order of St Olav - Grand Cross with collar of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav
• Grand Master of the of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit - Grand Cross
• St Olav's medal (Norway)
• Defence Service Medal with Laurel Branch (Norway)
• The Royal House Centenary Medal (Norway)
• Haakon VIIs Commemorative Medal 1. October 1957(Norway)
• Haakon VIIs Jubilee Medal 1905 – 1955 (Norway)
• Haakon VIIs Centenary Medal (Norway)
• Holmenkollen medal (2007, with Frode Estil, Odd-Bjørn Hjelmeset, and his wife Queen Sonja) (Norway)
• Olav Vs Commemorative Medal of 30. January 1991 (Norway)
• Olav Vs Jubilee Medal (Norway)
• Olav Vs Centenary Medal (Norway)
• Defence Service Medal with three stars (Norway)
• Army National Service Medal with three stars (Norway)
• Stranger knight of the Order of the Garter (Great Britain)
• Royal Victorian Chain (Great Britain)
• Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (Great Britain)
• Grand Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog (Denmark)
• Knight with Collar of the Elephant (Denmark)
• Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose (Finland)
• Grand cross with Collar of the Order of the Falcon (Iceland)
• Knight with Collar of the Order of the Seraphim (Sweden)
• Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold II (Belgium)
• Grand Collar of the Order of the Southern Cross (Brazil)
• The Collar of the Cross of Terra Mariana (Estonia)
• Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur (France)
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Saviour (Greece)
• The Golden Olympic order (IOC)
• Grand Cross with Collar of the Italian Order of Merit (Italy)
• Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum (Japan)
• Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of al-Hussein bin Ali (Jordan)
• Grand Cross av the Order of the Great Star (Jugoslavia)
• Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Three Stars (Latvia)
• Grand Cross of the Order of Vytautas the Great (Lithuania)
• Gran Cross of the Order of Adolph of Nassau (Luxembourg)
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Dutch Lion (Netherlands)
• Grand Cross of the House Order of Orange (Netherlands)
• Grand Cross of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
• Grand Cross of the Order of Aviz (Portugal)
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania (Romania)
• Collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece (Spain)
• Grand Cross Collar of the Order of Charles III (Spain)
• Grand Cross 1. class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

A 230 000 km² area in Antarctica is named Prince Harald Coast in his honour.

As of 2006, he is 60th in the line of succession to the British Throne.

[edit] The King's health

On 1 December 2003, King Harald was announced to be suffering from cancer of the bladder. A successful operation took place on December 8 at Norway's National Hospital, Rikshospitalet, in Oslo: his bladder was removed and a new one constructed. The King was then on sick leave from all official duties. Crown Prince Haakon was Norway's regent during King Harald's illness and convalescence. The King resumed his duties on April 13, 2004.

The King and Queen, greeted by Laura and George W. Bush at the White House during the March 2005 State Visit to the U.S. Upon returning to Norway, the King underwent heart surgery.

The King was once known to be a chain-smoker, but quit that habit entirely when he was diagnosed with cancer.

On 1 April 2005 Harald underwent successful heart surgery, an aortic valve replacement, correcting his aortic stenosis. It had been known for some time that he had this condition; however, until early 2005 it had only been of a moderate degree. During the three-hour operation at Rikshospitalet the doctors also performed a coronary bypass procedure on the King. On 10 April it was announced that the King had also undergone a pericardiocentesis to treat a complication of surgery, a pericardial effusion (an accumulation of fluid around the heart).

After the two operations in the spring of 2005, King Harald remained on sick leave for almost two months, Crown Prince Haakon again substituting as the country's regent. The King returned to work on 7 June, a date which carried particular significance in 2005, with Norway celebrating the centennial of the dissolution of the 1814–1905 union with Sweden. The King recuperated well enough to win the European Championships in ocean sailing just three months after his latest operation.

Following advice from his personal physician, King Harald finally decided in late 2005 to scale down his official duties, primarily effected by taking Wednesdays off and trying to keep weekends free as much as possible. However, he planned to continue attending weekend sports events of interest, and to lead Friday Cabinet meetings and carry out other constitutional duties.

[edit] Patronages

Monogram of King Harald V

• Den Norske Lutherske Mindekirke i Minneapolis
• Det frivillige Skyttervesen
• Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab
• Det Nasjonale Aldershjem for Sjømenn
• Det Norske Bibelselskap
• Det norske Skogselskap
• Festspillene i Bergen
• FN-Veteranenes landsforbund
• Kreftforeningen
• Lions Clubs International - Norge
• Nasjonalforeningen for folkehelsen
• Nordmanns-Forbundet
• Norge-Amerika Foreningen
• Norges Idrettsforbund og Olympiske Komité
• Norges Jeger- og Fiskerforbund
• Norges Korforbund
• Norges Militære Kameratforeningers Forbund
• Norges Naturvernforbund
• Norges Tekniske Vitenskapsakademi
• Norsk Anchorite Klubb
• Norske Reserveoffiserers Forbund
• Sjømannskirken - Norsk kirke i utlandet
• Skogfjorden Summer Camp, Minnesota
• Sons of Norway Foundation
• Stiftelsen Harmonien
• Stiftelsen Offshore Northern Seas
• The American-Scandinavian Foundation
• The Anglo Norse-Society

[edit] In popular culture

Harald V is the source of the common Oxford University phrase, "The King of Norway", referring to any apparently random event which could not have been anticipated by even the most meticulous planning. In 2006, a visit - apparently unannounced - by Harald V to Balliol College disrupted a well organized student union election campaign using the college as a base on election day. This effectively locked the campaign into Balliol for over an hour. In decision analysis, such events are often referred to as "unknown unknowns".

[edit] References

1. ^ Coronation discarded by constitutional amendment in 1908. Harald V swore the Royal Oath in the Storting on January 21, 1991 and received the benediction in the Nidaros Cathedral on June 23, 1991.
2. ^ ^{a b c d} Hegge, Per Egil; Harald V, En biografi; N.W. Damm & Søn AS; 2006
3. ^ Article in VG on the honorary doctorate (Norwegian)

[edit] Ancestry

[edit] External links

• Official Website of the Norwegian Royal Family
• Biography from Norwegian government web site
• Summary biography of the King
• The Royals – Regularly updated news coverage of the Norwegian royal family (Aftenposten)
• The Royal Norwegian Order of St Olav - H.M. King Harald V the Grand Master of the Order
• Announcement of King Harald V & Queen Sonja's awarding of the Holmenkollen medal - Accessed March 18, 2007 (Norwegian).