Japanese Canadian
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Canadians of Japanese ancestry |
|---|
| Total population |
|
85,230 [1] |
| Regions with significant populations |
| British Columbia, Ontario |
| Languages |
| Canadian English, Japanese |
| Religions |
| Christianity, Buddhism, Shinto, nonreligious |
| Related ethnic groups |
| Japanese, Japanese Americans, East Asians |
Canadians of Japanese ancestry are largely concentrated on the west coast, especially in and around Vancouver. Other major cities such as Toronto also have large Japanese Canadian populations as well. Not many Canadians have Japanese roots. In 2001, there were 85,230 (about 26,000 of whom are of mixed heritage), making them about the thirtieth largest ethnic group in Canada.
Contents |
[edit] History
The first Japanese settler in Canada was Manzo Nagano, who lived in Victoria, British Columbia (a mountain in the province was named after him in 1977). The first generation, or Issei, mostly came to Vancouver Island and Fraser Valley from fishing villages on the islands of Kyūshū and Honshū between 1877 and 1928. Since 1967, the second wave of immigrants were usually highly educated and resided in urban areas.
Until the late 1940s, Japanese Canadians—both Issei and Canadian-born Nisei—were denied the right to vote.
Those born in the 1950s and 1960s in Canada are Sansei, who mostly have little knowledge of the Japanese language. Over 75% of the Sansei have married non-Japanese.
Many Yonsei are of mixed racial descent. According to Statistics Canada's 2001 census of population information, Japanese Canadians were the Canadian visible minority group most likely to marry or live common-law with a non-Japanese partner. Out of the 25,100 couples in Canada in 2001 which had one Japanese person, only 30% had two partners of Japanese descent and 70% included one non-Japanese partner. As of 2001, 65% of Canada's Japanese population were born in Canada.
[edit] Internment
After the Pearl Harbor attack by Japan (Second World War), in 1942, Japanese Canadians were interned by the federal government as security threats by evoking the War Measures Act. 20,881 were placed in detention camps and relocation centres. 75% of them were Canadian citizens. A parallel situation occurred in the United States. (See Japanese American internment.)
After the war, the property and homes of Japanese Canadians living in province of British Columbia was seized and they were told by the federal government to either move to another province "East of the Rockies" or to go back to Japan.
In the late 1970s and 1980s, documents on the Japanese Canadian internment were released, and redress was sought. In 1986, it was shown that Japanese Canadians lost $443 million during the internment. 63% of Canadians supported redress and 45% favoured individual compensation. On September 22, 1988, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney provided $21,000 for each individual directly affected, that is, by 1993, almost 18,000 survivors.
[edit] Prominent Japanese Canadians
- Denise Fujiwara, dancer/choreographer
- Hiromi Goto, author
- Jay Hirabayashi of the butoh dance troupe Kokoro Dance
- Mary Ito, journalist
- Hiro Kanagawa, actor
- Paul Kariya, NHL star (Japanese and European ancestry)
- Joy Kogawa, novelist and poet
- Art Miki, National Association of Japanese Canadians leader
- Roy Miki, poet
- Masajiro Miyazaki, osteopath/coroner and community activist; Companion of the Order of Canada
- Raymond Moriyama, architect
- The Honourable Minister of Canadian Heritage and Status of Women, Bev Oda, PC, MP
- Linda Ohama, director ("Obaachan's Garden")
- Natsuko Ohama, actress
- Ryan O'Marra, NHL first round draft pick. Born in Tokyo to Canadian parents.
- Jon Kimura Parker, Classical pianist and recording artist
- Kerri Sakamoto, novelist
- Yoshio Senda, judoka, former Canadian Olympic Judo Team Coach
- Tetsuro Shigematsu, radio host
- Aki Shimazaki, novelist
- Thomas Kunito Shoyama, economist
- Vicky Sunohara, Olympic gold medalist in women's hockey
- David Suzuki, biologist, environmentalist, host CBC Nature of Things
- Mas Takahashi, judoka
- Mutsumi Takahashi, news anchor
- Takao Tanabe, artist
- Miyuki Tanobe, artist
- David Tsubouchi - former Ontario MPP and cabinet minister
- Arthur Wakabayashi, Chancellor of University of Regina
- Brian Yasui, news anchor
- Adam Yoshida - Politician and writer
- Christine Yoshikawa, Classical pianist and recording artist
[edit] References
- ^ [1] (Statistics Canada - Ethnic Origin (232), Sex (3) and Single and Multiple Responses (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas 1 and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data)
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- National Association of Japanese Canadians
- The Politics of Racism by Ann Sunahara. Originally published by James Lorimer & Company, 1981; ISBN 0-88862-414-X hardback, ISBN 0-88862-413-1 paper. Updated 2000, re-released under a Creative Commons license, 2004.
- CBC Digital Archives - Relocation to Redress: The Internment of the Japanese Canadians
