List of rulers of Croatia
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[edit] Earliest history
The details of the arrival of the Croats are scarcely documented.
c. 626 Croats migrate from Galicia at the invitation of Eastern Roman Emperor Heraclius.
c.641 – c.689 Radoslav converts Croatia to Christianity.
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[edit] Kings of CroatiaIn 925, Pope John X crowned Tomislav, making him King of Croatia, Dalmatia, Slavonia, and Bosnia |
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| Name | Reign | Notes |
| Duke Tomislav I – after 925 King Tomislav I | c.910 - 11 March 928 | Probably son of Mutimir. Croatian state reaches greatest extent, includes Croatia, Slavonia, much of Dalmatia, and Bosnia. Crowned King by Pope John X in 925. After his death civil wars weakened the state and some territory, including Bosnia, was lost. |
| Trpimir II | 11 March 928 - 935 | Younger brother of Tomislav I |
| Krešimir I the Old | 935 - 945 | Son of Trpimir II |
| Miroslav | 945 - 949 | Son of Kresimir I |
| Mihajlo Krešimir II | 949 - 969 | Younger brother of Miroslav. Croatian Kingdom reaches largest extent, including Bosnia. |
| Stjepan Držislav | 969 - 997 | Son of Michael Kresimir II |
| Queen Jelena of Zadar | 969 - 8 November 975 | |
| Svetoslav Suronja | 997 - 1000 | Son of Stephen Držislav |
| Krešimir III | 997 - 1030 | Younger brother of Svetoslav Mucimir |
| Gojslav | 997 - 1020 | Younger brother of Svetoslav Mucimir |
| Byzantine Emperor Basil II | 1019-? | Croatia and Bosnia under Byzantine Emperor |
| Stjepan I | 1030 - 1058 | Son of Krešimir III |
| Peter Krešimir IV the Great | 1058 - 1074 | Son of Stephen |
| Slavic | 1074 - 1075 | Elected by Croatian nobles, struggled with Dmitar Zvonimir, the chosen heir of Petar Kresimir IV. |
| Dmitar Zvonimir | 1075 - 1089 | Cousin of Petar Krešimir IV. c. 1063 marries Princess Helena Illona (Croatian: Jelena) Lijepa, daughter of King Bela I of Hungary. Helena may be joint ruler. |
| Stjepan II | 1089 - December 1090 | Son of Castimir, who was younger brother of Petar Krešimir IV. |
| Queen Jelena the Beautiful | 1090 - 1091 | |
| Slavac ? | 1090 - 1093 | Dalmatian rival |
| Ladislaus I of Hungary | 1091-1092 | Son of Bela I and brother of Helena, recognized as King of Croatia by a council (Sabor) of Croatian nobles. The agreement with the nobles maintains Croatia and Hungary as separate states under the personal rule of Ladislaus. |
| Duke Álmos | 1091 - 1093 | Nephew of Ladislaus, rules as his proxy. |
| Petar Svačić | 1093 - 1097 | Struggles with Hungary for control of Croatia. |
| Coloman of Hungary | 1102 | Battle of Gvozd Mountain (modern Petrova Gora). Coloman, supported by Pannonian Croats, defeats an army of Croatian and Dalmatian nobles allied to Peter Svachich. |
[edit] Bans of Croatia |
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In 1102, Coloman consolidates control of Croatia and Dalmatia and is affirmed as ruler of Croatia and Dalmatia by a pact with the Croatian nobles. Croatia is ruled on his behalf by a Ban (viceroy) and a Sabor. . |
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| Name | Reign | Notes |
| Ugra | 1102 - c. 1105 | |
| Sergije | c. 1105 | |
| Ugrin | 1107 | |
| Klaudije | 1116 - 1117 | |
| Aleksije or Dominik | c. 1130 - c. 1141 | |
| Bjeloš or Beloš | 1142 - 1158 | Serbian Prince, son of Rascia's Prince Uroš II of Voislav |
| Arpa | 1158 | |
| Bjeloš or Beloš | 1163 | Serbian Prince, son of Rascia's Prince Uroš II of Voislav |
| Ampudin | 1164 - 1180 | |
| Mavro or Dionizije | c.1180 - 1183 | |
| Suban | 1183 - 1185 | |
| Kálán | 1190 - 1193 | |
| Dominik | 1193 - 1195 | |
| Andrija | 1198 - 1199 | |
| Nikola + Branko or Benedikt | 1199 - 1200 | |
| Martin Hontpázmán | 1202 - 1203 | |
| Hipolit | 1204 | |
| Merkurije | 1205 - 1206 | |
| Stjepan Mihaljevic | 1206 - 1208 | |
| Banko | 1208 - 1209 | |
| Bertold Andechs VII Meranski | 1209 - 1211 | (b. 1282 - d. 1251) |
| Mihajlo | 1211 - 1213 | |
| Ðula Šikloški (Gyula of Siklos) | 1213 | |
| Ohuz or Okic | 1214 - 1215 | |
| Ivan | 1215 - 1216 | |
| Poža | 1216 - 1217 | |
| Bank | 1217 - 1218 | |
| Ðula Šikloški (Gyula of Siklos) | 1218 - 1219 | |
| Ohuz or Okic | 1219 - 1220 | |
| Šalamon | c. 1222 - c. 1225 | |
| Mihajlo or Aladar | 1225 | |
| thirty-two recorded bans | 1225-1476 | ruling only over "Dalmatia" and (central) "Croatia" |
| fifty-two recorded bans | 1225-1476 | ruling only over "The Whole of Slavonia" |
| Matej Cak | 1272 - 1273 | ruling over "Dalmatia and Croatia" |
| Pavao Šubić Bribirski | 1273 - 1312 | ruling over "Dalmatia and Croatia" |
| Nikola Omedejev | 1272 - 1273 | ruling over "Dalmatia and Croatia" |
| Nikola (Nicholas) Bánffy of Lendava | 1345-1346 | |
| Nikola (Nicholas) Széchy | 1346-1349 | |
| Pavao (Paul) Ugal | 1350 | |
| Stjepan (Stephen) Lacković | 1351-1352 | |
| Nikola (Nicholas) Banffy of Lendava | 1353-1356 | second term |
| Ivan (John) of Paližna | 1386-1391 | |
| Stjepan Tvrtko I | 1390 – March 10, 1391 | Proclaimed himself a King of Croatia |
| Ivan (John) Frankopan of Krk | 1391-1393 | (died 1393) |
| Nikola (Nicholas) Gorjanski | 1397-1402 | |
| Ladislav (Ladislaus) Grdevacki | 1402-1404 | |
| Pavao (Paul) Bessenyö | 1404 | |
| Pavao (Paul) Pecz | 1404-1406 | |
| Ladislav (Ladislaus) Grdevacki | 1402-1404 | |
| Herman I of Cilli/Celje | 1406-1408 | |
| Herman I of Cilli/Celje | 1423-1435 | Slavonia only |
| Nikola Frankopan | (died 1432) | Son of John Frankopan |
| Matko Talovac | 1435-1445 | Ban of Slavonia |
| Friedrick II and Ulrich II of Cilli/Celje, opposed by... | 1445-1454 | Croatia-Dalmatia only |
| John Hunyadi | 1446-1450 | Croatia-Dalmatia only |
| László Hunyadi | 1454-1455 | Croatia-Dalmatia only |
| co-Ban Nikola (Nicholas) Frankopan | 1456-1458 | Son of Ban Nikola Frankopan. |
| Mirko (Emeric) Zapoljski | 1464-1465 | |
| Ivan (John) Thuz of Lak | 1466-1467 | |
| Blaž (Blasius) Madar Podmanicki | 1470-1472 | |
| Damjan (Damian) Horvat | 1472-1473 | |
| Andrija (Andrew) Banffy of Lendava | 1476-1477 | |
| Ladislav (Ladislaus) of Egervár | 1477-1481 | |
| Stjepan (Stephen) Frankopan | (died 1481) | Son of co-Ban Nicholas Frangepan |
| Blaž (Blasius) Madar Podmanicki | 1482 | |
| Matija Gereb | 1483-1489 | |
| Ladislav (Ladislaus) of Egervár | 1489-1493 | |
| Emerik (Mirko) Derencin | 1493 | known from the Battle of Krbava field |
| Ivan (John) Bot | 1493 | |
| Ladislav (Ladislaus) Kaniški | 1493-1495 | |
| Herceg Ivaniš (John) Korvin | 1495-1498 | |
| Ðuro (George) Kaniški | 1498-1499 | |
| Herceg Ivan (John) Korvin | 1499-1504 | |
| Franjo (Francis) Balassa of Gyarmat | 1505 | |
| Andrija (Andrew) Bot | 1505-1507 | |
| Marko Mišljenovic | 1506-1507 | |
| Ivan (John) Ernust of Cakovec | 1508-1509 | |
| Juraj (George) Kaniški | 1508-1509 | |
| Andrija (Andrew) Bot | 1510-1511 | |
| Mirko (Emeric) Perényi | 1512-1513 | |
| Petar Berislavic | 1513-1520 | |
| Ivan Karlovic (Joannes Torquatus) of Krbava (Corbavia) | 1521-1524 | (died 1531) Married Ilona Zrinski |
| Ivan (John) Tahy | 1525 | |
| Franjo (Francis) Bacan (Batthyany) | 1525-1527 | |
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The Hungarians are defeated by the Ottomans at the Battle of Mohács in 1526. In 1527, the Croatian nobles recognize the Habsburg Archduke of Austria, Ferdinand as King of Croatia and Hungary, in return for his leading the defense against the Turks. |
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| Christopher (Kristof) Frankopan (Frangepan) | 1527 | (died 1527) Grandson of Ban Stephen Frankopan |
| Ivan Karlović (Joannes Torquatus) of Krbava (Corbavia) | 1527-1531 | (died 1531) Married Ilona Zrinski |
| Simeon Erdödy with... | 1530-1534 | |
| Louis Pekry of Petrovina | 1532-1537 | |
| Thomas Nádasdy opposed by... | 1537-1542 | |
| Petar Keglević of Buzin | 1537-1542 | |
| Nikola Šubić Zrinski | 1542-1556 | (born 1508, died 1566) 1543 married Katalin Frangepan, daughter of Ban Christopher Frangepan |
| Petar Erdödy of Monyorokerek | 1557-1567 | |
| Lucas Zekel of Ormosd | 1567 | |
| George (Georgius) Drašković with... | 1567-1575 | |
| Francis Frankopan (Frangepan) of Slunj and then... | 1567-1573 | |
| Gašpar (Caspar) Alapić (Alapy) of Veliki Kalnik (Nagy-Kemle) | 1574-1575 | |
| Krsto Ungnad of Sonneg | 1576-1583 | |
| Toma Erdödy of Monyorokerek (Eberau) | 1583-1595 | |
| Gašpar (Caspar) Stankovački | 1595-1596 | |
| Ivan (John) Drašković of Trakostyan | 1596-1606 | (born 1550, died 1613) |
| Micheal [Mihovil] Raditsch [Radich, Radik, Radoc, Radic] Prince [voidvode] of [Zengg] by order of Ferdinand of Austria on December 1, 1600 in Graz. | 1600-1608 | Radic is not original family name. Bloodline of family dates back to an Illyrian Emperor. However, family is linked by historical records to a Merovingian family bloodline which leads to the Turcitul family Mihnea Turcitul(Mihnea the Bad father of Vlad Tepes) and also linked by documentation to the infamous Frankopan family by blood. As stated in J. Siebmacher’s Wappenbuch "Der Udel in karnten, krain und Dalmatien" "The Nobility in Karnten, Krain and Dalmatia". Family name changed as family migrated to Siebenburgen, Transylvania. Peerage records indicate Bavarian Dynasty roots. Peerage records dates family back to 367 BC. Peerage records from J. Siebmacher’s Wappenbuch Band 35 book “Der Adel von Kroatien und Slavonien” “The Nobility of Croatia and Slavonia” this family was reported as belonging to the King's House of Anjou's by "consanguinei" "with the blood of". Original document from December 1, 1600 located in National Archives states the name given as a nickname which came from actions on battlefield. Rad is Croatian word for Happy or glad. Patronymic suffix of ic. Around, August 13, 1595 at the battle of Calugareni in Trgoviste, Mihovil was suddenly struck by an Elite Turkish Warrior, he laughed loudly that others stopped fighting. He asked the Turkish Warrior “this is it, the best you can do?” He then slew him and bravely eradicated many more without resting. |
| Toma Erdödy | 1608-1615 | |
| Benedikt Thuroczy | 1615-1616 | |
| vacant | 1616-1617 | |
| Nikola (Nicholas) Frankopan of Trsat (Tersacz) | 1617-1622 | |
| Juraj (George) Zrinski (Zrinyi) | 1622-1626 | |
| Žigmund (Sigismund) Erdödy | 1627-1639 | |
| Ivan (John) Drašković | 1639-1646 | |
| Nikola Zrinski | 1647-1664ign | (born 1620, died 1664) |
| Petar Zrinski | 1665-1670 | |
| Nikola Erdödy | 1671-1693 | |
| Adam Baćan (Batthyány) | August 26, 1693 - September 7, 1703 | |
| Ivan (John) Pállfy | January 24, 1704 - February 17, 1732 | |
| Ivan (John) Drašković III | February 17, 1732 - January 4, 1733 | (died 1733) |
| Josip (Joseph) Eszterházy of Galanta | August 13, 1733 - June 25, 1741 | |
| György Branyng | 1741-1742 | |
| Karlo (Charles) Baćan (Batthyány) | March 16, 1743 - July 6, 1756 | |
| Franjo (Francis) Leopold Nádasdy opposed by... | 1756-1783 | |
| Fauszty Francis | 1757- ? | |
| Franjo (Francis) Eszterházy opposed by... | 1783-1785 | |
| Franjo (Francis) Szechenyi | 1783-1785 | |
| Franjo (Francis) Balassa of Gyarmat | 1785-1790 | |
| Ivan (John) Erdödy | 1790 - March 30, 1806 | |
| Ignjat (Ignatius) Đulaj (Gyulay) of Maros-Nemethy and Nadaska | 1806-1831 | |
| Franjo Vlašić | February 10, 1832 - May 16, 1840 | |
| Juraj (George) Haulik of Varalaj/Varalya | 1840 - June 16, 1842 | Acting Ban |
| Franjo (Francis) Haller of Hallerkeö/Hallerstein | June 16, 1842 - 1845 | |
| Juraj (George) Haulik of Varalaj/Varalya | 1845 - March 23, 1848 | Acting Ban |
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In response to the Hungarian National Revolution, in 1848 Croatia declares itself free of Hungarian control but remains loyal to the Hapsburg monarch (see The Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas). Serfdom is abolished. |
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| Josip (Joseph) Jelačić of Bužim | March 23, 1848 - May 19, 1859 | (born 1801, died 1859) |
| Ivan Coronini-Kronberg | July 28, 1859 - June 19, 1860 | |
| Josip Šokčević | June 19, 1860 - June 27, 1867 | (born 1811, died 1896) |
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In 1867, Habsburg Empire reconstituted as the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary |
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| Levin Rauch | June 27, 1867 - January 26, 1871 (acting to December 8, 1868) | (born 1819, died 1890) |
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In 1868, Croatia-Slavonia becomes a banate in the Kingdom of Hungary with limited autonomy |
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| Koloman Bedeković Komorski | January 26, 1871 - February 12, 1872 | (born 1818, died 1889) |
| Eugen Kvaternik | October 8, 1871 - October 11, 1871 | (born 1825, died 1871) (in rebellion, at Rakovica) |
| Antun Vakanović | February 17, 1872 - September 20, 1873 | Acting Ban; (born 1808, died 1894) |
| Ivan Mažuranić | September 20, 1873 - February 21, 1880 | (born 1814, died 1890) |
| Ladislav Pejačević | February 21, 1880 - September 4, 1883 | (born 1824, died 1901) |
| Hermann Ramberg | September 4, 1883 - December 1, 1883 | Acting Ban; (born 1820, died 1899) |
| Dragutin Karoly Khuen-Héderváry | December 4, 1883 - June 27, 1903 | (born 1849, died 1918) |
| Teodor (Theodore) Pejačević | July 1, 1903 - June 26, 1907 | (born 1855, died 1928) |
| Aleksandar (Alexander) Rakodczaj | June 26, 1907 - January 8, 1908 | (born 1848, died 1924) |
| Pavao (Paul) Rauch of Nyek | January 8, 1908 - February 5, 1910 | (born 1865, died 1933) |
| Nikola (Nicholas) Tomašić | February 5, 1910 - January 19, 1912 | (born 1864, died 1918) |
| Slavko Cuvaj | January 19, 1912 - July 21, 1913 (acting from April 5, 1912) | (born 1851, died 1931) |
| Ivan Skerlecz | July 21, 1913 - June 29, 1917 (acting to November 27, 1913) | (born 1873, died 1951) |
| Antun Mihalović | June 29, 1917 - January 20, 1919 | (born 1868, died 1949) |
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Following a brief period of self-rule, becomes part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes under the Karađorđević dynasty. |
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| Ivan Paleček | January 20, 1919 - November 24, 1919 | |
| Tomislav Tomljenović | November 24, 1919 - February 22, 1920 | |
| Matko Laginja | February 22, 1920 - December 11, 1920 | (born 1852, died 1930) |
| Teodor Bošnjak | December 23, 1920 - March 2, 1921 | acting Ban |
| Tomislav Tomljenović | March 2, 1921 - July 3, 1921 | |
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In 1929, the new Constitution of the Kingdom renamed it Yugoslavia and split up Croatia between several banovinas (provinces). |
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With limited autonomy, created within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. |
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| Ivan Šubašić | 1939 - 1941 | |||||||||||||||||||
[edit] Modern times
1941 - 1945 Independent State of Croatia under Axis powers. Ruled by poglavnik (leader) Ante Pavelić. Aimone of Aosta proclaimed king Tomislav II of the House of Savoy on May 18, 1941, was never installed, abdicated october 12, 1943.
1945 - 1991 Croatia becomes a federal state of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
June 25, 1991 - present Republic of Croatia independent. See:
[edit] See also
- List of rulers of Hungary for a list of monarchs between 1526 and 1918 -- mostly accurate for the Croatian lands
- Croatian Parliament
- History of Croatia
