Timeline of architecture
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a timeline of architecture, indexing the individual year in architecture pages. Notable events in architecture and related disciplines including structural engineering, landscape architecture and city planning. One significant architectural achievement is listed for each year.
| Contents | Summary of events in architecture - by year |
| 21st Century: | 2000s |
| 20th Century: | 1900s - 1910s - 1920s - 1930s - 1940s - 1950s - 1960s - 1970s - 1980s - 1990s |
| 19th Century: | 1800s - 1810s - 1820s - 1830s - 1840s - 1850s - 1860s - 1870s - 1880s - 1890s |
| 18th Century: | 1700s - 1710s - 1720s - 1730s - 1740s - 1750s - 1760s - 1770s - 1780s - 1790s |
| Pre-18th Century: | 1000s - 1100s - 1200s - 1300s - 1400s - 1500s - 1600s |
| 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD |
Articles for each year (in bold text, below) are summarized here with a significant event as a reference point.
[edit] 2000s
- 2007 -
- 2006 - Construction begins on the Freedom Tower, a replacement for the World Trade Center
- 2005 - Xanadu House demolished.
- 2004 - 30 St Mary Axe designed by Norman Foster.
- 2003 - Taipei 101, designed by C.Y. Lee & Partners, becomes the tallest building in the world.
- 2002 - Simmons Hall dormitory at MIT completed.
- 2001 - Jewish Museum Berlin designed by Daniel Libeskind opens to the public.
- 2000 - The Emirates Towers are both completed.
[edit] 1990s
- 1999 - Jewish Museum Berlin, designed by Daniel Libeskind is completed.
- 1998 - Kiasma Museum of Contemporary Art by Steven Holl Architects, opens to the public.
- 1997 - Guggenheim Museum Bilbao designed by Frank Gehry.
- 1996 - Oscar Niemeyer completes the Niterói Contemporary Art Museum in Brazil.
- 1996 - Aronoff Center for Design and Art, University of Cincinnati completed by Peter Eisenman.
- 1995 - Steven Holl Architects begin construction of St. Ignatius Chapel at Seattle University.
- 1994 - Building of the Basel Signal Box by Herzog and de Meuron
- 1993 - The Umeda Sky Building in Osaka City, Japan is completed.
- 1992 - The Bank of America Corporate Center in Charlotte, North Carolina is completed.
- 1991 - Stansted Airport terminal building in Essex, England, designed by Norman Foster, is completed.
- 1990 - Frederick Weisman Museum of Art, University of Minnesota completed by Frank Gehry.
[edit] 1980s
- 1989 - I. M. Pei's pyramid addition to the Louvre is opened.
- 1988 - MOMA Exhibition called Deconstructivist architecture opens.
- 1987 - The Riga Radio & TV Tower in Riga, Latvia is completed.
- 1986 - The Lloyd's Building in London, designed by Richard Rogers, is completed.
- 1985 - The HSBC Headquarters Building in Hong Kong, China by Norman Foster, is completed.
- 1984 - Philip Johnson's AT&T Building opens in New York City
- 1983 - Xanadu House in Kissimmee opened.
- 1982 - Design competition is held for the Parc de la Villette in Paris.
- 1981 - Richard Serra installs Tilted Arc in the Federal Plaza in New York City.
- 1980 - Santa Monica Place was constructed by Frank Gehry.
[edit] 1970s
- 1979 - Charles Moore designs the Piazza d'Italia in New Orleans.
- 1978 - Charles Eames dies.
- 1977 - Frank Gehry redesigns his own house in Santa Monica, California.
- 1976 - The CN Tower in Toronto opens as the tallest freestanding structure on land.
- 1975 - Completion of the Seoul Tower in Seoul, South Korea.
- 1974 - National Assembly Building in Dakka, Bangladesh, is completed.
- 1973 - The World Trade Center towers, designed by Minoru Yamasaki, are opened in New York.
- 1972 - The Transamerica Pyramid in San Francisco, California, designed by William Pereira, is completed.
- 1971 - Rothko Chapel in Houston, Texas, designed by Mark Rothko and Philip Johnson is completed.
- 1970 - Construction begins on the Sears Tower in Chicago, designed by Bruce Graham and Fazlur Khan (of Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill).
[edit] 1960s
- 1969 - Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius die.
- 1968 - Mies van der Rohe's New National Gallery in Berlin finished.
- 1967 - Expo '67 in Montréal features the American pavilion, a geodesic dome designed by Buckminster Fuller, and the Habitat 67 housing complex designed by Moshe Safdie.
- 1966 - The Gateway Arch by Eero Saarinen is finished in St. Louis, Missouri.
- 1965 - NASA's Cape Canaveral VAB, the Niagara Skylon Tower, the Tel-Aviv Shalom Meir tower and the Salk Institute all open.
- 1964 - The Unisphere heads New York World's Fair.
- 1963 - The Palace of Assembly at Chandigarh, India, is finished.
- 1962 - Seattle Space needle & TWA Terminal by Saarinen at JFK are opened.
- 1961 - Louis Kahn finishes the Richards Medical Building at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.
- 1960 - Lucio Costa & Oscar Niemeyer plan buildings of Brasilia, new capital of Brazil.
[edit] 1950s
- 1959 - Frank Lloyd Wright's Guggenheim Museum in New York is finished after 16 years of work on the project.
- 1958 - The Seagram Building in New York designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson is completed.
- 1957 - The Interbau 57 exposition of apartment blocks in Berlin features structures by Alvar Aalto, Walter Gropius and his The Architects' Collaborative (TAC), and an unité by Le Corbusier.
- 1956 - Crown Hall at the IIT, Chicago, designed by Mies van der Rohe, finished.
- 1955 - Completion of Le Corbusier's Notre-Dame-du-Haut chapel at Ronchamp, France.
- 1954 - Louis Kahn finishes his Yale University Art Center in New Haven, CT, USA.
- 1953 - Completion of the United Nations Headquarters in New York by a design team headed by Wallace Harrison and Max Abramowitz.
- 1952 - Le Corbusier completes his Unité d'Habitation in Marseilles.
- 1951 - Mies van der Rohe's Lake Shore Drive Apartments completed in Chicago.
- 1950 - Farnsworth House by Mies van der Rohe finished.
[edit] 1940s
- 1949 - Charles and Ray Eames build the Eames House, also known as Case Study House #8, in Pacific Palisades, CA, USA.
- 1948 - Pietro Belluschi completes the Equitable Building in Portland, Oregon.
- 1947 - Alvar Aalto builds his Baker House at MIT.
- 1946 - Le Corbusier draws up plans for La Rochelle-La Pallice, while his efforts to redesign Saint-Dié-des-Vosges (both cities in France) are foiled.
- 1945 - John Entenza launches the Case Study Houses Program through his post as editor of Arts and Architecture magazine.
- 1944 - Frank Lloyd Wright builds the research tower for his Johnson Wax Headquarters in Racine, Wisconsin.
- 1943 - Oscar Niemeyer completes his Pampulha project in Brazil.
- 1942 - Vichy rejects Le Corbusier's Obus E plan for Algiers.
- 1941 - Le Corbusier offers his services to the Vichy regime.
- 1940 - Peter Behrens dies.
[edit] 1930s
- 1939 - The 1939 World's Fair in New York includes the Finnish Pavilion by Alvar Aalto and the Brazilian Pavilion by Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer.
- 1938 - Frank Lloyd Wright purchases 800 acres of land 26 miles away from Phoenix, and begins to build Taliesin West, his winter home, in Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
- 1937 - Wright completes his house Fallingwater, at Bear Run, Pennsylvania.
- 1936 - Frank Lloyd Wright designs his monumental inward-looking Johnson Wax Headquarters in Racine, Wisconsin, USA.
- 1935 - Cass Gilbert's United States Supreme Court Building is posthumously finished.
- 1934 - Frank Lloyd Wright draws up plans for his Broadacre City, a decentralized urban metropolis.
- 1933 - The Bauhaus closes under Nazi pressure.
- 1932 - The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York holds its exhibition on modern architecture, coining the term "International Style."
- 1931 - The Empire State Building, designed by Shreve, Lamb and Harmon, becomes the tallest building in the world.
- 1930 - William Van Alen completes the Chrysler Building, an Art Deco skyscraper in New York, USA.
[edit] 1920s
- 1929 - Barcelona Pavilion designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.
- 1928 - Hector Guimard builds his last house in Paris.
- 1927 - The Weissenhof Estate, an exhibition of apartment houses designed by leading modern architects, held at Stuttgart, Germany.
- 1926 - Antoni Gaudí and Louis Majorelle die.
- 1925 - Bauhaus at Dessau designed by Walter Gropius.
- 1924 - Gerrit Rietveld completes the Schröder House in Utrecht.
- 1923 - Le Corbusier publishes Vers une architecture (English title: Towards A New Architecture), a summary of his ideas.
- 1922 - Monument to the Third International designed by Vladimir Tatlin (unbuilt).
- 1921 - Frank Lloyd Wright completes his Hollyhock House for Aline Barnsdall in Los Angeles, begun in 1917.
- 1920 - The Einstein Tower in Potsdam, designed by Erich Mendelsohn, is completed.
[edit] 1910s
- 1919 - Walter Gropius founds the Bauhaus in Weimar, Germany.
- 1918 - Birth of Jørn Utzon, designer of the Sydney Opera House.
- 1917 - Georges Biet's Art Nouveau house and apartment building in Nancy, France is severely damaged by combat shells, but will be rebuilt nearly exactly as before in 1922.
- 1916 - De Stijl movement founded in the Netherlands.
- 1915 - Le Corbusier completes studies for his Dom-ino Houses.
- 1914 - Walter Gropius designs his Fagus Shoe Factory.
- 1913 - Cass Gilbert completes the Woolworth Building in New York.
- 1912 - Frank Lloyd Wright begins work on Taliesin in Spring Green, Wisconsin.
- 1911 - Josef Hoffmann completes the Palais Stoclet in Brussels.
- 1910 - Gaudí finishes the Casa Milà in Barcelona.
[edit] 1900s
- 1909 - Frank Lloyd Wright completes the Robie House near Chicago.
- 1908 - Adolf Loos publishes his essay "Ornament and Crime".
- 1907 - Gaudí completes the Casa Batlló in Barcelona.
- 1906 - Lucien Weissenburger completes his own house, a striking example of the Art Nouveau style in Nancy, France.
- 1905 - Wright designs Unity Temple in Oak Park, Illinois.
- 1904 - Otto Wagner completes his Post Office Savings Bank Building in Vienna.
- 1903 - Josef Hoffmann finishes the Moser House in Vienna.
- 1902 - Otto Wagner's Viennese Stadtbahn railway system is completed.
- 1901 - Peter Behrens completes his house at the Art Nouveau colony at Darmstadt, Germany.
- 1900 - The Gare d'Orsay, now the famous Musée d'Orsay, is built in Paris by Victor Laloux.
[edit] 1890s
- 1899 - Hector Guimard is commissioned to design the edicules for the Paris Métropolitain, which have become a hallmark of Art Nouveau design.
- 1898 - Victor Horta designs his own house, now the Horta Museum.
- 1897 - Hendrik Berlage designs his Amsterdam Stock Exchange.
- 1896 - Eugène Vallin completes his own house and studio in Nancy (France), which is the first of many Art Nouveau structures built there by the members of the École de Nancy.
- 1895 - The Biltmore Estate, the largest house in the USA, is completed for the Vanderbilt family in Asheville, North Carolina.
- 1894 - Louis Sullivan builds the Guaranty Building in Buffalo, NY, USA.
- 1893 - Victor Horta builds what is widely considered the first full-fledged Art Nouveau structure, the Hôtel Tassel, in Brussels.
- 1892 - Modernist architect Richard Neutra is born.
- 1891 - Louis Sullivan completes his Wainwright Building in Saint Louis.
- 1890 - Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler build the Auditorium Building in Chicago.
[edit] 1880s
- 1889 - The 1889 Paris exhibition showcases some of the new technologies of iron, steel, and glass, including the Eiffel Tower.
- 1888 - The 1888 World's Fair in Barcelona displays many buildings by Lluís Domènech i Montaner and other Catalan architects.
- 1887 - H. H. Richardson's Marshall Field Store in Chicago is completed.
- 1886 - Ludwig Mies van der Rohe is born.
- 1885 - William Le Baron Jenney builds the first metal-frame skyscraper, the Home Insurance Building, in Chicago.
- 1884 - Gaudí is given the commission for the Sagrada Família in Barcelona, which he will work on until 1926.
- 1883 - Antoni Gaudí completes his Casa Vicens in Barcelona.
- 1882 -
- 1881 - The Natural History Museum in London opens.
- 1880 - Cologne Cathedral is finally completed after 632 years.
[edit] 1870s
- 1879 - Louis Sullivan joins Dankmar Adler's firm in Chicago.
- 1878 - Work begins on the Herrenchiemsee in Bavaria, designed by Georg Dollman.
- 1877 - St Pancras railway station in London, by Sir George Gilbert Scott, is completed.
- 1876 - Construction is finished on the Bayreuth Festspielhaus, designed by Gottfried Semper.
- 1875 - The Opéra Garnier is completed in Paris.
- 1874 - Completion of the California State Capitol in Sacramento, California.
- 1873 - Scots' Church in Melbourne, Australia is finished.
- 1872 - The Albert Memorial in London, designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott, is opened.
- 1871 - The Great Chicago Fire destroys most of the city, sparking a building boom there.
- 1870 - Birth of Adolf Loos.
[edit] 1860s
- 1869 - Birth of Georges Biet.
- 1868 - Peter Behrens is born.
- 1867 - William Le Baron Jenney opens his architectural practice in Chicago.
- 1866 - Completion of the St Pancras Hotel in London by Sir George Gilbert Scott.
- 1865 - Birth of French architect Paul Charbonnier.
- 1864 - French Art Nouveau architect Jules Lavirotte is born.
- 1863 - U. S. Capitol building dome in Washington, D.C., is completed.
- 1862 - Construction begins on Henri Labrouste's reading room at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France (site Richelieu).
- 1861 - Victor Horta is born.
- 1860 - Construction on Longwood, the largest octagonal residence in the USA, is begun in Natchez, Mississippi.
[edit] 1850s
- 1859 - Birth of Louis Majorelle and Cass Gilbert.
- 1858 - The competition to design Central Park in New York is won by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux.
- 1857 - Founding of the American Institute of Architects.
- 1856 - Louis Sullivan and Eugène Vallin are born.
- 1855 - The Palais d'Industrie is built for the World's Fair in Paris.
- 1854 -
- 1853 - Baron Haussmann becomes prefect of the Seine département and begins his vast urban renovations of Paris.
- 1852 - Antoni Gaudí is born.
- 1851 - The Crystal Palace designed by Joseph Paxton.
- 1850 - Lluis Domènech í Montaner andJohn W. Root are born.
[edit] 1840s
- 1849 - John Ruskin's The Seven Lamps of Architecture is published.
- 1848 - Construction begins on the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C., though it will not be completed until 1885.
- 1847 - August 24, birth of Charles Follen McKim (died 1909).
- 1846 - September 4, birth of Daniel Burnham of the firm Burnham and Root.
- 1845 - Trafalgar Square in London, designed by Charles Barry and John Nash, is completed.
- 1844 - Uspensky Cathedral in Kharkiv, Ukraine is completed.
- 1843 - Construction begins on Henri Labrouste's Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève in Paris.
- 1842 - The Église de la Madeleine is finally consecrated in Paris as a church.
- 1841 - Birth of Otto Wagner.
- 1840 - Construction begins on the Houses of Parliament in London, designed by Sir Charles Barry and Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin.
[edit] 1830s
- 1839 - Birth of Frank Furness in Philadelphia.
- 1838 - Rideau Hall is built by Scottish architect Thomas McKay.
- 1837 - The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is founded.
- 1836 - A.W.N. Pugin publishes his Contrasts, a treatise on the morality of Catholic, Gothic architecture.
- 1835 - The New Orleans Mint, Dahlonega Mint, and Charlotte Mint are all designed by William Strickland and begin producing coins in three years.
- 1834 - Alfred B. Mullet, designer of both the San Francisco and the Carson City Mints in the USA, is born in Britain.
- 1833 - William Strickland completes the first Philadelphia Mint building.
- 1832 - William Le Baron Jenney is born.
- 1831 -
- 1830 - The Altes Museum in Berlin, designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel, is completed after seven years of construction.
[edit] 1820s
- 1829 -
- 1828 - Completion of the Marble Arch in London, designed by John Nash.
- 1827 -
- 1826 - The Menai Suspension Bridge over the Menai Strait, in Wales, designed by Thomas Telford, is completed.
- 1825 - The front and rear porticoes of the White House are added to the building.
- 1824 - The Shelbourne Hotel in Dublin, Ireland is completed.
- 1823 - Work begins on the British Museum in London, designed by (Sir) Robert Smirke.
- 1822 - Birth of landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted.
- 1821 - Karl Friedrich Schinkel completeds his Schauspielhaus in Berlin.
- 1820 - Death of Benjamin Latrobe.
[edit] 1810s
- 1819 - Birth of Sir Horace Jones.
- 1818 - Birth of American architect James Renwick, Jr.
- 1817 - Dulwich Picture Gallery in London is designed by Sir John Soane as the first purpose-built art gallery.
- 1816 - Regent's Bridge, crossing the River Thames in central London, designed by James Walker, was opened.
- 1815 -
- 1814 - British troops burn the White House in Washington, D.C., gutting it completely.
- 1813 - Death of Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart.
- 1812 - The Egyptian Hall in London, designed by P. F. Robinson, is completed.
- 1811 - The United States Capitol, designed by Benjamin Latrobe is completed.
- 1810 -
[edit] 1800s
- 1809 - Birth of city planner Baron Haussmann.
- 1808 -
- 1807 - The Templo de Nuestra Señora del Carmen in Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico is completed.
- 1806 - Arc de Triomphe, Paris from Jean Chalgrin commissioned by Napoleon Bonaparte.
- 1805 - The Ellesmere Canal, designed by Thomas Telford, is completed.
- 1804 - Completion of the Government House in the Bahamas.
- 1803 - The Raj Bhavan in Kolkata, West Bengal, India is finished.
- 1802 - The Temple of Saint Philip Neri in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico is completed.
- 1801 - Birth of Henri Labrouste.
- 1800 - The White House in Washington D.C. is completed by team of client George Washington, planner Pierre L'Enfant, and architect James Hoban.
[edit] 1790s
- 1799 - Death of French neoclassicist Étienne-Louis Boullée.
- 1798 -
- 1797 -
- 1796 - Somerset House in London, designed by William Chambers is completed.
- 1795 - Birth of architect Charles Barry.
- 1794 -
- 1793 - Old East, the oldest public university building in the USA, is erected on the campus of the University of North Carolina, in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- 1792 - Sir John Soane begins work on his house in London, now the Soane Museum.
- 1791 -
- 1790 -
[edit] 1780s
- 1789 - Jacques-Germain Soufflot's Panthéon in Paris is completed by his student Jean-Baptiste Rondelet.
- 1788 -
- 1787 -
- 1786 - Schloss Bellevue in Berlin, designed by Philipp Daniel Boumann, is completed.
- 1785 -
- 1784 -
- 1783 -
- 1782 - Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart is named architect and controller-general of the École Militaire in Paris.
- 1781 -
- 1780 - August 29 - Death of Jacques-Germain Soufflot (b. 1713).
[edit] 1770s
[edit] 1760s
- 1769 -
- 1768 -
- 1767 -
- 1766 -
- 1765 -
- 1764 - Construction begins on Church of the Madeleine in Paris.
- 1763 -
- 1762 -
- 1761 -
- 1760 -
[edit] 1750s
[edit] 1740s
[edit] 1730s
- 1739 - Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart is born.
- 1738 -
- 1737 -
- 1736 -
- 1735 -
- 1734 -
- 1733 -
- 1732 -
- 1731 -
- 1730 -
[edit] 1720s
- 1729 - Christ Church, Spitalfields in London is completed.
- 1728 -
- 1727 -
- 1726 - The remaining ruins of Liverpool Castle are demolished.
- 1725 -
- 1724 - The construction of Blenheim Palace is completed.
- 1723 - Mavisbank House in Loanhead, Scotland is designed.
- 1722 -
- 1721 -
- 1720 -
[edit] 1710s
[edit] 1700s
- 1709 -
- 1708 - St. Paul's Cathedral in London, designed by Christopher Wren, is completed.
- 1707 -
- 1706 -
- 1705 - November: In Williamsburg, capital of the Virginia colony in America, construction of the Capitol building is completed.
- 1704 - St Magnus-the-Martyr in London is completed.
- 1703 -
- 1702 - The Thomaskirche in Liepzig, Germany is completed.
- 1701 -
- 1700 -
[edit] 17th century
- 1690s - The city of Noto, Italy, on Sicily, is devastated by an earthquake (1693), and a rebuilding program begins in the Baroque style.
- 1680s - Church of Les Invalides, Paris is built by Jules Hardouin-Mansart.
- 1670s - The Royal Greenwich Observatory in London, designed by Christopher Wren is completed (1676).
- 1660s - Louis XIV, with the architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart, begins to enlarge the Palace of Versailles (1661).
- 1650s - Completion of the church Sant'Agnese in Agone in Rome, designed by Borromini and Carlo Rainaldi.
- 1640s - Borromini builds the church Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza in Rome.
- 1630s - Borromini builds the church San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in Rome.
- 1620s - Bernini constructs the church of Santa Susanna in Rome (1624).
- 1610s - Mohammadreza Isfahani builds Naghsh-i Jahan Square in Isfahan, Iran.
- 1600s - 33 pol bridge is constructed in Isfahan, Iran.
[edit] 16th century
- 1590s - Bernini and Borromini are born.
- 1580s -
- 1570s -
- 1560s -
- 1550s -
- 1540s -
- 1530s - Work begins on the Piazza del Campidoglio (Capitoline Hill), designed by Michelangelo.
- 1520s -
- 1510s - Construction begins on Chateau Chambord.
- 1500s -
[edit] 15th century
[edit] 14th century
[edit] 13th century
- 1290s -
- 1280s -
- 1270s -
- 1260s -
- 1250s -
- 1240s - The foundation stone of Cologne Cathedral in Cologne is laid.
- 1230s -
- 1220s -
- 1210s -
- 1200s -
[edit] 12th century
- 1190s - Construction begun on the present form of Chartres Cathedral after a fire.
- 1180s -
- 1170s -
- 1160s -
- 1150s -
- 1140s -
- 1130s -
- 1120s -
- 1110s -
- 1100s -
[edit] 11th century
- 1090s - Durham Cathedral founded
- 1080s -
- 1070s - St Albans Cathedral commenced; built from the ruins of Roman Verulamium.
- 1060s -
- 1050s -
- 1040s -
- 1030s -
- 1020s -
- 1010s -
- 1000s -
[edit] 1st millennium AD
- 900s -
- 800s -
- 700s -
- 600s -
- 500s - Hagia Sophia built in its present form.
- 400s -
- 300s -
- 200s -
- 100s -
- 1-99 AD - Emperors Vespasian and Titus build the Colosseum in Rome.
[edit] 1st millennium BC
- 1-99 BC - Expansion of Herod the Great's temple begins.
- 100s -
- 200s -
- 300s -
- 400s -
- 500s - Work was begun on Persepolis.
- 600s -
- 700s -
- 800s -
- 900s -
[edit] 2nd millennium BC
[edit] 3rd millennium BC
[edit] Neolithic
- 4th millennium BC -
- 5th millennium BC -
- 6th millennium BC -
- 7th millennium BC - Catal Huyuk in Anatolia constructed without streets.
- 8th millennium BC - Earliest town sites with simple residential neighbourhoods in Jarmo, Jericho, and Ain Ghazal on the Levant
[edit] See also
| Lists of Years in Topic |
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