U.S. Route 99

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U.S. Route 99 was the main north-south highway on the West Coast of the United States until 1964, running from Calexico, California on the U.S.-Mexico border to Blaine, Washington on the U.S.-Canada border. It was a route of the United States Numbered Highways, assigned in 1926 and existing until it was replaced for the most part by Interstate 5. Known also as the "Golden State Highway" and "The Main Street of California," US 99 was an important route in California throughout much of the 1930s as a route for Dust Bowl immigrant farm workers to traverse the state. Large portions are now California's State Route 99, Oregon's Route 99 and Washington's State Route 99.

1 History
2 Routing
3 Decommissioning and replacement routes
- 3.1 State highway 99
4 Related U.S. Routes
5 References
6 External links

[edit] History

An extensive section of this highway (over 600 miles), from approximately Stockton, California to Vancouver, Washington, follows very closely the track of the Siskiyou Trail. The Siskiyou Trail was based on an ancient network of Native American footpaths connecting the Pacific Northwest with California's Central Valley. By the 1820s, trappers from the Hudson's Bay Company were the first non-Native Americans to use the route of U.S. Highway 99 to move between today's Washington state and California. During the second half of the 19th Century, mule train trails, stagecoach roads, and the path of the Central Pacific railroad (later the Southern Pacific railroad) also followed the route of the Siskiyou Trail. By the early 20th Century, pioneering automobile roads were built along the Siskiyou Trail, including most notably the Pacific Highway. The Pacific Highway ran from British Columbia to San Diego, California and is the immediate predecessor of much of U.S. Highway 99.

[edit] Routing

[edit] California

The highway started at the border with Baja California in Calexico, California. It then continued north along the western shore of the Salton Sea. The stretch is now known as California State Highway 86. 99 continued along present-day California State Highway 111 through Coachella to its intersection at Dillon Road with another major US route signed as both US 60 and US 70.

Looking north along US 99 between Lebec and Bakersfield, 1943

Now multiplexed as US 60/70/99, the highway continued north through Indio and turned west through the San Gorgonio Pass toward Los Angeles paralleling the route of modern Interstate 10. In Beaumont, 60 split off on its own westward trek to Los Angeles. The highway through Beaumont (known as Ramsey Street) was bypassed by the new superhighway version of 60/70/99 that would later wear Interstate 10 shields. The edges of the old US 60 shield at the replacement interchange's overhead sign are clearly visible today underneath the State Route 60 shield that covers it up. US 70 ended in downtown LA while 99 turned north once again more or less following the route of today's Interstate 5 (San Fernando Road in the San Fernando Valley before the construction of the 5 Freeway), up and over Grapevine Hill in the Tehachapi Mountains to the San Joaquin Valley. 99's original alignment over the hill was known in its earliest days as the Ridge Route, the first highway directly linking the Los Angeles Basin to the San Joaquin Valley. Built in 1915, the alignment between Castaic and Highway 138 in Gorman is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. This section was bypassed in 1933 by the three-lane "Alternate Ridge Route" (now at the bottom of Pyramid Lake). From the southern tip of the San Joaquin Valley at the foot of the Grapevine, US 99 then continued to Sacramento where it split into two highways, 99E and 99W. The two highways rejoined in Red Bluff and continued once again as US 99 through Oregon, Washington and to the border with British Columbia, becoming British Columbia provincial highway 99.

[edit] Los Angeles

When it was first designated in late 1926, US 99 ran with U.S. Route 66 from San Bernardino via Pasadena to Los Angeles, turning north there to San Fernando.^[1] The route was signed in 1928. This alignment remained through 1933,^[2] but by 1942 it had moved to its own alignment (concurrent with U.S. Route 70, as well as U.S. Route 60 west of Pomona) from San Bernardino to Los Angeles. This alignment used Garvey Avenue from Pomona, turning onto Ramona Boulevard in Alhambra to reach Macy Street (now Cesar E. Chavez Avenue) near downtown Los Angeles. It turned north at Figueroa Street, running through the Figueroa Street Tunnels and turning off at Avenue 26 to reach San Fernando Road.^[3]^[4] When the San Bernardino Freeway, Santa Ana Freeway and Pasadena Freeway were completed, it was routed onto them, continuing to exit at Avenue 26.^[5] In 1962, with the completion of the Golden State Freeway northeast of downtown, US 99 was moved onto it, bypassing the Santa Ana Freeway, Four Level Interchange and Figueroa Street Tunnels.

[edit] California north of Los Angeles

From Los Angeles, U. S. 99 followed San Fernando Road through Glendale and Burbank to Sylmar. From 1937 to 1964 it shared this routing with U.S. Highway 6. It headed up over the "Grapevine" into the San Joaquin Valley. Just north of the route's entry to the valley, Interstate 5 splits off from the route of U. S. 99, and U. S. 99 continued on the current route of California State Highway 99, to Bakersfield, Fresno, and Sacramento.

Heading north from Sacramento, the route was divided into US 99W and US 99E. US 99W followed Interstate 80 west to Davis, then north on California State Route 113 to Woodland, and then continued along the general route of Interstate 5 to Red Bluff. Most of the old roadway still exists, having merely been bypassed by the Interstate route.

From Sacramento, US 99E followed Interstate 80 (first the current business route, then the actual route) to Roseville. From Roseville it headed north along California State Route 65 to Olivehurst, from where it followed California State Route 70 to Marysville. From Marysville it followed California State Route 20 across the Feather River to Yuba City. From Yuba City it followed the current California State Route 99 north to Red Bluff, where it rejoined US 99W.

From Red Bluff, US 99 continued north along the same route as Interstate 5, except that it went through Redding along present California State Route 273, and also followed California State Route 263 from Yreka to near Black Mountain.

[edit] Oregon

The former route of U.S. Route 99 in Oregon mostly follows routes currently signed as Oregon Route 99, 99E, and 99W. The primary exception is from the California-Oregon state border north to Ashland, Oregon, where U.S. 99 is currently named Old Highway 99 S from the state border to exit 6 of Interstate 5. The former route is coterminous with Interstate 5 from exit 6 to the junction of Oregon Route 99 in Ashland.

[edit] Washington

Unlike California and Oregon, much of the former route of U.S. Highway 99 in Washington exists as county roads and regular city streets; only the route from Fife, Washington to Everett, Washington still retains the official "99" moniker (as State Route 99). The following is a simplified list of Washington counties and cities that portions of the old route traverse, along with their local names.

Former U.S. Highway 99 Route in Washington (South to North)
Road or Street Name	Nearest City	County
Interstate 5 (to exit 3)	Vancouver	Clark
Main Street	Vancouver	Clark
Hazel Dell Avenue	Vancouver	Clark
NE 117th Street	Vancouver	Clark
Hwy. 99 NE	Vancouver	Clark
NE 134th Street	Vancouver	Clark
NE 29th Avenue	Vancouver	Clark
NE 10th Avenue	Vancouver	Clark
NE Timmen Road	Vancouver	Clark
NW Pacific Hwy.	La Center	Clark
Old Pacific Hwy.	Woodland	Cowlitz
Interstate 5 (from exit 22 to exit 27)	Kalama	Cowlitz
Old Pacific Hwy. S	Kalama	Cowlitz
Kelso Drive (exit 36)	Kelso	Cowlitz
Pacific Avenue	Kelso	Cowlitz
Pleasant Hill Road	Kelso, Castle Rock	Cowlitz
Huntington Avenue S (Business Loop 5)	Castle Rock	Cowlitz
Old Pacific Hwy. N	Castle Rock	Cowlitz
Barnes Drive	Castle Rock, Toledo	Cowlitz, Lewis
State Route 505	Toledo	Lewis
Jackson Highway	Toledo, Chehalis	Lewis
Market Blvd.	Chehalis	Lewis
National Avenue	Chehalis	Lewis
Kresky Road (N) / National Avenue (S)	Chehalis	Lewis
Kresky Avenue (N) / S. Gold Street (S)	Centralia	Lewis
Tower Avenue (N) / S. Pearl Street (S)	Centralia	Lewis
Main Street	Centralia	Lewis
Harrison Avenue	Centralia	Lewis
Old Hwy. 99	Grand Mound, Tenino, Tumwater	Thurston
Capitol Blvd.	Tumwater	Thurston
Capitol Way	Olympia	Thurston
4th Avenue	Olympia	Thurston
Pacific Avenue, Old Pacific Hwy. SE	Olympia, Lacey	Thurston
Martin Way (Bypass of Pacific Ave.	Olympia, Lacey, Nisqually	Thurston
Interstate 5 (exit 114 to exit 124)	DuPont	Pierce
Pacific Hwy. SW	Lakewood	Pierce
South Tacoma Way	Lakewood, Tacoma	Pierce
E. 26th St.	Tacoma	Pierce
E. G St.	Tacoma	Pierce
Puyallup Avenue	Tacoma	Pierce
Pacific Hwy. E	Fife	Pierce
State Route 99	Fife	Pierce
SR 99/Aurora Ave.	Federal Way, SeaTac, Tukwila, White Center, Shoreline	King
SR 99	Mountlake Terrace, Lynnwood, Mukilteo, Everett	Snohomish
Broadway	Everett	Snohomish
Everett Avenue	Everett	Snohomish
20th Street SE	Everett	Snohomish
Sunnyside Blvd.	Everett, Marysville	Snohomish
State Avenue	Marysville	Snohomish
Smokey Point Boulevard	Arlington	Snohomish
State Route 530	Arlington	Snohomish
Pioneer Highway E	Arlington, Stanwood	Snohomish
Pioneer Highway E	Conway	Skagit
Conway Frontage Road	Conway	Skagit
Old Highway 99 S. Road	Mount Vernon	Skagit
Riverside Drive	Mount Vernon	Skagit
S. Burlington Blvd.	Burlington	Skagit
Chuckanut Drive (SR 11)	Burlington, Bellingham	Skagit, Whatcom
11th Street	Bellingham	Whatcom
S. State Street	Bellingham	Whatcom
Boulevard Street	Bellingham	Whatcom
N. State Street	Bellingham	Whatcom
E. Holly Street	Bellingham	Whatcom
Prospect Avenue	Bellingham	Whatcom
DuPont Avenue	Bellingham	Whatcom
Elm Avenue	Bellingham	Whatcom
Northwest Avenue	Bellingham	Whatcom
W. Bakerview Road	Bellingham	Whatcom
Pacific Hwy.	Bellingham, Ferndale	Whatcom
Main Street	Ferndale	Whatcom
Riverside Drive	Ferndale	Whatcom
Barrett Road	Ferndale	Whatcom
Vista Road	Ferndale	Whatcom
Bay Road	Ferndale	Whatcom
Blaine Road	Birch Bay, Blaine	Whatcom
Peace Portal Drive	Blaine	Whatcom
D Street	Blaine	Whatcom
12th Street	Blaine	Whatcom

[edit] Decommissioning and replacement routes

By 1968, US 99 was completely decommissioned with the completion of I-5, but the highway's phasing out actually began July 1, 1964 thanks to the passage of Collier Senate Bill No. 64 on September 20, 1963. The bill launched a major program designed to greatly simplify California's increasingly complicated highway numbering system and eliminate multiplexed postings like the aforementioned 60/70/99. The highways that replaced it are:

SR-111 and SR-86 between the Mexican border and Indio.

I-10, replacing US 60 and US 70 between Indio and Los Angeles as well.

U.S. Route 101 and SR-110 in downtown Los Angeles.

I-5 from north of downtown all the way to its modern-day split in Wheeler Ridge before 99's final decommissioning in 1968.

[edit] State highway 99

All three states have replaced some portions of US 99 with state highways of the same number:

Washington: 50 miles (80 km) of US-99, from Fife to Everett, is now State Route 99. It is mostly a surface-level highway with the exception of the Alaskan Way Viaduct through downtown Seattle.
Oregon: Most of former US 99 in Oregon now signed as Oregon Highway 99 (OR-99). The route still provides surface-level access to many southern Oregon towns served by I-5. It also provides access to many towns in the Willamette Valley. Between Junction City and Portland, the highway splits into eastern and western routes known as OR-99W and OR-99E respectively. For significant stretches, OR-99 shares an alignment with I-5. Officially, the highway is signed with both route numbers when this occurs; however, in practice, this is often not the case as the OR-99 designation is dropped in favor of I-5. One notable exception is a stretch of OR-99E that runs between Albany and Salem, where OR-99E is cosigned along the highway.
California: The 424 mile (683 km) stretch between Wheeler Ridge and Red Bluff is signed as California State Highway 99 which makes it California's second-longest state highway behind SR-1.

[edit] Related U.S. Routes

[edit] References

^ American Association of State Highway Officials, United States Numbered Highways, 1927
^ 1933 Rand McNally Los Angeles and vicinity map
^ 1942 Gousha Los Angeles and vicinity map
^ 1943 Los Angeles map
^ 1959 Los Angeles map

[edit] External links

		edit Main U.S. Routes
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20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34	35	36	37	38
40	41	42	43	44	45	46		48	49	50	51	52	53	54	55	56	57	58	59
60	61	62	63	64	65	66	67	68	69	70	71	72	73	74	75	76	77	78	79
80	81	82	83	84	85		87		89	90	91	92	93	94	95	96	97	98	99
101		163						400				412				425
Lists		U.S. Routes - Bannered - Divided - Replaced

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