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Budistlik terminoloogia

Allikas: Vikipeedia

  • abhayamudrā, kartmatuse mudra, ülespoole pööratud sõrmedega avatud peopesa, sisendab turvalisust


Abidharma


"Abidharma" liigitab meele neljaks:

  • loomalik meelelisus (kāmavitšāra)
  • elusorganismide või vormide kaudu (rūpa-vitšāra)
  • ainult vormi kaudu (arūpa-vitšāra)
  • teadvus ürgsel kujul (lokattara-vitšāra)



ADHARMA Ebaõiglus, pahelisus, DHARMA vastand.

AVIDYĀ Teadmatus, mis sünnib valedest aistingutest. Vastandiks on VIDYĀ, teadmine.

ĀKĀŚA algaine

AKŚARA Ülim Jumalus, “Hävimatu”, alati täiuslik.

ĀNANDAMAYA-KOŚA meelepete, ilming sellest, mis on kujutu.

ARŪPA Kehatu, vormitu, vastand RŪPAle

ARHAT (ARAHAT, ARHAN),

brahmodya (termin pärineb brahmanismist) – rituaalne dispuut

Brahmacharya Askeetlik eluviis, jumalale pühendatud elu


bodhicitta (byang chub kyi sems) - soov vabaneda sansaara kytkeist (virgumismeel)


Devajnāñad Kõrgemat liiki jumalikud olendid, kes valdavad jumalikku teadmist.





Lokajaata (lokāyata). Igas usulise ja mõttelise pluralismi plahvatuses tekib ka oma hedonistide koolkond, kes kuulutavad, et mida rohkem naudinguid, seda parem ja inimene ei kanna mingit moraalset vastutust. Neid on mõnikord nimetatud ka materialistideks, sest koolkonna nimetus tähendab sõna-sõnalt ‘maailmaõpetust’.(Herkel,A)

mahakaruna (snying rje chen po) - suur kaastunne

mahamaitri (byams pa chen po) - tähendab soovi, et kõik olendid oleksid õnnelikud.

Prajñāpāramitā ehk “Ületava mõistmise” tekstid on üldise arvamuse kohaselt kõige vanemad mahajaana tekstid. Esimesed neist on tekkinud -1. sajandil, hilisemad 5. sajandil. Neid teatakse üle neljakümne nimetuse. See on tohutu mahukas kirjandus.(Linnart Mäll)

Saankhja (sāmkhya) koolkonna nimetus tähendab otseses tõlkes ‘loendamist’, mis viitab süstematisatsiooni katsetele. Selle looja Kapila elas enne Buddhat (-7 saj.), aga filosoofilise süsteemina kujunes see õpetus välja hiljem. Vastanditena esinevad siin puruša, kui ideaalne alge ja praakriti (prākrti) kui materiaalne alge. Nad arendasid välja kolme loomuomaduse (guna) teooria, milleks on pimedus (tamas), vägi (rajas) ja vaimne loov alge (sattva).(Herkel,A)

Tipitaka suutrate kogusse kuuluv Brahmajālasutta käsitleb budistliku propaganda vaatevinklist kõiki teisi tollel ajal teada olevaid õpetusi; kokku mainitakse selles tekstis tervelt 62 õpetust. Neid nimetatakse ‘vaadeteks’, sanskriti k. drsti verbist ‘vaatama’ (drs). Brahmajālasutta algab upanišadidest pärinevate õpetuste kriitikaga, mis kuulutavad, et mina (ātman) ja maailm on igavesed. Budism esindab teatavasti minatuse arusaama, eeskätt selles mõttes, et mina, ego kui enesekesksus tuleb ületada, tuleb püüelda kõrgemate vaimsete tasandite poole. Ātman, mis mujal on vaadeldav igavese hinge kui absoluudina, kuulutatakse millekski illusioonitaoliseks, mitteeksisteerivaks.(Herkel,A )

[redigeeri] Tiibet ,sanskrit jne.

Abhidharma (Tib. chö ngön pa)

Abhisheka (Tib. wang)

Absolute truth (Skt. paramartha satya Tib. dondam)

Acharya (Tib. lopon) öpetlane

Skt. skandha, Tib. phung po nga)

Alaya teadvus (Tib. kün shi nam she)

Amrita (Tib. dut tsi) ambrosia

Arhat (Tib. dra chom pa)

Arya (Tib. phag pa) öilis

Bodhisattva (Tib. chang chup sem pa)

Bodhicitta (Tib. chang chup chi sem)

Bindu (Tib. tiglé)

Bhumi (Tib. sa)

Bhikshu (Tib. ge long)

Chakra (tiib. kor lo)

Chakravartin (Tib. koro gyur wa)

Buddha (Tib. Sangye)

(Skt. tathagatagarbha, Tib. de shin shek pay nying po) Buddha loomus


Tib. sang gye chi cho) Trikaja

Chittamatra (Tib. sem tsampa)

Chod: "to cut off"

teadvus (Skt. vijnana, Tib. nam shé)

Daka (Tib. khandro)

Dakini (Tib. khandroma)

(Tib. dö kham) -ihade maailm

Dharma (Tib. chö)

Dharmacakra (Tib. chö chi khor lo)

Dharmadhatu (Tib. chö ying)

Dharmakaya (Tib. chö ku)

Dharmata (Tib. chö nyi)

Dhatu (Skt., Tib. kham)

Dhyana (Tib. sam ten) "meditatsioonis"

Doha (Tib. gur) Laul ,viis ehk "joru# mida ymisevad tantra praktiseerijad omaette kujustamise ajal.Klassikaliselt koosneb yks fraas yheksast silbist.

Dzogchen (Skt. mahasandhi)

Geshe: (Sanskrit: kalyanamitra, English: virtuous friend

Hevajra (Tib.: gye pa dor je):

Hevajra Tantra (Tib.: gye pa dor je gyu):


(Tib. jung wa nga) -viis elementi ( Maa; vesi; tuli; öhk: eeter )

(Tib. wang, Skt. abhisheka) pyhitsus

Tyhjus (Skt. shunyata, Tib. tong pa nyi)

(Tib. pha gyu) isatantrad

(Tib. rig nga) 5 Buddja peret

(Tib. gyel wa rig nga) dhjaanibudad

(Tib. rig gnas che ba lnga) 5 pöhi-distsipliini ehk teadust

(Tib. yeshe nga)

(nga) -5

Skt. rupakaya, Tib. zug ku)

(Tib. zuk kham) taevased ilmad

(Tib. lama) Guru

Guru Lineage: (Tib.: la ma gyu pa - see Lineage).

(Tib. lamay naljor) Guru jooga

(Tib. tek pa chung wa) Hinaajana

(Skt. preta, Tib. yidak)

(Skt. vipashyana, Tib. lhak thong) sisekaemus

(Skt. asura, Tib. lha ma yin)

Kalachakra (Tib. du kyi khor lo)

Karma (Tib. lay)

Klesha (Tib. nyön mong)

Lung (Tib.) This is a Tibetan word for ritual reading. In order to perform a vajrayana practice, one must have a holder of the lineage read the text straight through (Tib. lung), give an explanation of the practice (Tib. tri) and give the empowerment for the practice (Tib. wang).

Madhyamika (Tib. u ma)

Mahamudra (Tib. cha ja chen po)

Mahasiddha (Tib. drup thop chen po)

Mahayana (Tib. tek pa chen po)

Mala (Tib. trengwa) palvekee

Mandala (Tib. chin kor)

Mantra (Tib. ngak)

Mara (Tib. du)

(Skt. samadhi, Tib. ting nge dzin)

(Tib. ma gyu) Ematantra

Mudra (Tib. chak gya)

Nadi (Tib. tsa)

Nihilism (Tib. ché ta)

Nirmanakaya (Tib. tulku)

Nirvana (Tib. nyangde)

(Tib. parol tu chinpa) Paramitad 6

Parinirvana (Tib. yongs su mya ngan las ‘das pa)

Prajna (Tib. she rab) In Sanskrit it means "perfect knowledge"

Prajnaparamita (Tib. sherab chi parol tu chin pa)

Pratimoksha töotused (Tib. so sor tar pa)

Ratna (Tib. kern cho)

(Tib. kyab, trs. skyabs) varjupaik

Root lama (Tib. tsa way lama)

Rupakaya (Tib. zuk kyi ku) The form bodies which encompass the sambhogakaya and the nirmanakaya.

Sadhana (Tib. drup tap) tantra rituaaltektst

Samadhi (Tib. tin ne zin)

Shamatha (Tib. shinay)

Samaya (Tib. dam sig)

Sambhogakaya (Tib. long chö dzok ku)

Samsara (Tib. kor wa)

Sangha (Tib. gen dun)

Sautrantika (Tib. do dé pe)

(Tib. sang ngak) salajane mantra (tantras)

(Tib. dag me) Minatus, ilma egota

Shastra (Tib. tan chö)

Siddha (Tib. drup top)

Siddhi (Tib. ngodrup)

(Tib. rikdruk) 6 ilma

(Tib. naro chödruk) Naropa 6 joogat

Skandha (Tib. pung pa)

Stuupa (Tib. chö ten)

Shunyata (Tib. tong pa nyi)

Sutra (Tib. do)

Svabhavikakaya (Tib. ngo wo nyi kyi ku)

Tantra (Tib. gyü)

Tathagatas (Tib. dezhin shekpa)

Tathagatagarba (Tib. deshin shekpai nying po)

(Tib. tsa wa sum) 3 kolm juurt laamad, idamid , ja dharma palad ehk raevukad

Tripitaka (Tib. de nö sum)

Tushita (Tib. gan dan)

Vaibashhika school (Tib. je trak ma wa)

Vajrayana (Tib. dorje tek pa)

Vinaya (Tib. dul wa)

Vipashyana meditatsioon (Tib. lha tong)

kujustamine ,visualiseerimine(Skt. utpattikrama)

(Tib. yid shin norbu)soove täitev kalliskivi

(Tib.: wang kur): a formal and often complex initiation into a specific practice of deity yoga, using a mandala, and lasting from 1 to 3 days.

Gyu De Kun Tu: (the Collection of All Tantras) - a 30 volume set of books for bestowing major empowerments predominantly of the anuttaryoga class compiled in the 19th century by Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and Loter Wangpo. The last 10 volumes contain basic commentaries on the important tantras. [View Contents]

Gyu de shi: (the Four Tantras

Mahakala (Tib.: nag po chen po, Eng.: Great Black One)

Panjarnata: (Lord of the Pavilion, Tib.: gur gyi gon po) - the form of Mahakala described in the Hevajra Tantra and a principal protector of the Sakya School.

Manjushri (Tib. jam pe yang, Eng.: the One with a Melodious Voice):

Nairatmya (Tib.: dag me ma): the consort of the deity Hevajra and a teacher of Virupa. She is also a meditation deity found in the Hevajra Tantra.

Non-dual Tantra (Tib.: la me gyu): one of the divisions of Anuttarayoga tantra. Examples: Hevajra, Kalachakra, Mahakala, etc.

Pa shu: (pandita hat) - the red hat of a scholar, with long lappets, as worn by Sakya Pandita and others.

Permission (Tib.: je nang): as a technical word - a minor initiation into the practice of deity yoga based on the blessings of body, speech and mind. Examples: Arapachana Manjushri, Avalokiteshvara, Green Tara, etc.

Rakta Yamari (Tib.: shin je she mar): (see Yamari).

Sa shu: (Sakya Hat) - sometimes referred to as the Sakya crown. A red pandita hat with the lappets folded upwards and over the crown of the hat

Sadhana: (Tib.: drup tab)

Sakya Ka bum: (the collection of Sakya words [writings]) - the early collection of the writings of the Jetsun Gongma Nga. Later the writings of Mati Panchen, Ngorchen and Gorampa would also be added.

Three Jewels: (Tib.: kon chog sum), the three objects of refuge in Buddhism: the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha. Sometimes referred to as the 'Triple Gem' in English.

Three Vows: (Tib.: dom pa sum - see Ordination).

Torma: (Skt.: balimta),

Vajrabhairava (Tib.: dor je jig je): a principal meditation deity of the anuttarayoga tantra in the Method (father) classification, from the Yamari cycle of tantras.

Vajrapanjara Tantra (Tib.: dor je gur, Eng.: Vajra Pavilion): an exclusive explanatory tantra to the Hevajra cycle of Tantras.

Virupa: the Lord of Yoga (Tib.: nal jor wang chug), one of the most outstanding mahasiddhas from the sets of 84 catalogued by Vajrasana, Abhayadatta and others. Living in 8th century India, he is most famous for teaching the Hevajra Tantra, Vajrayogini and Rakta Yamari cycles of practice. [See Image]

Wisdom Tantra (Tib.: she rab gyu): also know as the Mother Tantras, one of the three inner divisions of Anuttarayoga Tantra. Examples: foremost is the Chakrasamvara cycle, Mahamaya, Buddhakapala, Chaturpitha, etc.


"Phak-pa-džam-pal-gi-tsa-uaj-rgjüd" (hphags-pa-hdžam-dpal-gji-rtsa-uahi-rgjüd), skt. "Ārja Mandžušrī Mūla Tantra"

Kandžur (bkah-gdžur) "Tõlgitud käsud", Tiibeti kaanon.






Vt ka Brahmanism, Upanišadid

[redigeeri] Välislingid

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aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu