Formula One Grand Prix (Geoff Crammond)

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Formula One Grand Prix
Developer(s)	Microprose
Publisher(s)	Microprose
Designer(s)	Geoff Crammond
Release date(s)	1992
Genre(s)	Sim racing
Mode(s)	Single player, Multiplayer
Platform(s)	PC (DOS), Amiga, Atari ST
Media	Floppy disc
System requirements	PC: 286, 1MB RAM Amiga: A500, 1MB RAM Atari: Atari ST, 1MB RAM
Input	Keyboard, mouse, joystick, steering wheel

Formula One Grand Prix (known as World Circuit in the United States) is a racing simulator released in 1992 by MicroProse for the Amiga and PC created by game designer Geoff Crammond. It is often referred to as Grand Prix 1, MicroProse Grand Prix, or just F1GP, although the game itself was not affiliated officially with the FIA or any Formula One drivers. The game is a simulation of Formula One racing at the time and was noted for its 3D graphics and attention to detail, in particular the players ability to edit the teams and drivers and set up their car to their own personal specifications. Grand Prix's success spawned 3 "sequel" games, unsurprisingly named Grand Prix 2, Grand Prix 3 and Grand Prix 4. These were, however, exclusively PC games.

Contents 1 Impact on the racing simulation genre 2 Critiques 3 Online gaming and community 4 Magazine reviews 5 Modern-day developments (2006-) 6 External links

[edit] Impact on the racing simulation genre

F1GP is generally considered one of the biggest milestones^{[citation needed]} in the history of the sim racing genre. Together with Papyrus' Indianapolis 500: The Simulation, which was released about a year earlier, it was the first serious 3D polygon-based racing sim (that is, without textures, except some for the scenery in the PC version). Geoff Crammond's REVS on the Commodore 64 and BBC home computers used similar polygon-based 3D graphics, but was limited by the relative lack of computer power of the 8-bit machines. Although Indy 500 was strictly speaking first in pioneering many novel features, F1GP would make a bigger overall impression and impact because it featured Formula One, and because it offered the player a complete season to compete in.

When Indy 500 and F1GP appeared, they were the very first to implement something that resembled "real world" racing physics, accurate track modelling and car handling that required skills somewhat similar to real-world driving skills to perform well. Both were also the first to offer meaningful options to tune the behaviour of the cars. Although not quite on the level of later simulations, the most important variables, such as gear ratios, tyre compounds and wing settings were available to tune and, more importantly, proved to make an actual difference when driving. Important were also the functional rearview mirrors and an "instant replay" system with a wide range of adjustable camera settings not seen in other games of the era.

The game offered a completely new experience for players at the time. The accurately modelled tracks meant that the player could actually recognise their location on the real-life circuit. The detailed physics engine provided a more realistic driving experience than had been seen before, drivers could easily experience the differences in handling depending on how you entered a corner and how soon or late you accelerated out of it. Unlike other racing simulations of the time, the accuracy of the simulation actually made the 1/1000th of a second chronometer meaningful, as races could be won or lost by a few thousandths of a second. Vitally, the combination of graphics and physics meant players could actually "feel" whether they were driving fast or slow, and could predict how the car would respond. Even details such as tyre wear were modelled throughout the race, qualifying tyres are an extreme example of this: you could not drive more than a couple of laps without beginning to lose grip and eventually spinning out on nearly every corner. Together with the 16 tracks and the atmosphere-packed rendition of complete Grand Prix weekends, it made F1GP a favourite with Formula One and racing sim fans for many years, and is still referred to occasionally in current reviews as a classic benchmark.

Two more aspects worth mentioning are the "driving help" features and the ability to drive easily with the keyboard or another controller. F1GP was built on a system that allowed for an almost perfect learning-curve. Depending on which driving assistances were activated, the game covered playability from a pure arcade-racer level up to the most advanced sim-level available at the time. Players could choose to activate innovative help-functions like "brake-assistance" which would apply your brakes in time for a corner, displaying an "ideal line" on the tarmac to help learning the layout of a track, suggestions for the optimum gear, and others. Perhaps the most impressive achievements in that respect were the "steering help" and "throttle assistance". At the time F1GP was released, analogue steering wheels were far from mainstream. Even joysticks were still mostly digital, and in that respect no different from a keyboard. In order to compensate for the strict on-off nature of digital controllers, Geoff Crammond implemented a method to 'smoothen' the inputs. "Throttle assistance" prevented wheel spin when going on the gas. "Steering help" smoothened the steering actions (as an indication, one would experience cars steering slightly into corners all on their own when this help was activated). This was a subtle exercise, as it could give the impression of cars driving themselves when implemented too strongly. As experience showed, a balance was found. Which turned F1GP, and its successors, into a racing game that could be fully enjoyed and played well via digital input devices.

As an aside, it is illustrative for the depth of the game that people actually learned to overcome the need for "Throttle Assistance" when using the keyboard, and discovered that disabling it and applying the right techniques enabled "digital" drivers to go faster (at the expense of tirewear).

[edit] Critiques

Despite these great achievements, F1GP also contained a flaw that was considered irrelevant at first, but would later seriously compromise the potential of the game and its successors.

Geoff Crammond wrote the game long before the era of DirectX, OpenGL and 3D acceleration video cards. So F1GP was built around a proprietary 3D engine that ran in software. This engine was set up in such a way that a fixed frame rate had to be chosen (up to 25.6 fps on the PC version), and the game would at all times try to render the specified number of frames.

The result was that the engine would never drop frames when the CPU couldn't handle the rendering in realtime. Instead, gametime itself was slowed down. The software itself provided an option to display the CPU-load. When this was higher than 100%, the game was no longer working in realtime. This would become known in the community as the infamous "slow-motion driving". Since the rendering was obviously dependent on the complexity of the scene, this also meant that one could experience slowdowns of the action only on certain parts of certain tracks, or when there were lots of cars around (for example at the start).

The game did provide options to eliminate trackside details, and in addition one could also choose a lower framerate to avoid the problem altogether. It also has to be understood that gamers didn't have quite the same expectations of framerates as nowadays. The unmatched quality of the 3D representations in itself was enough to impress people. So the actual impact on single-player gaming was not seen as important.

Later in the game's life, this effect became a larger issue. The Grand Prix series never offered solid multiplayer network support, largely due to this design choice. "Real time" in the game could differ between different players, and this conflicted with the all-important synchronization in a multiplayer context. The effect could also be misused to artificially slow down the action, and exploit the extra reaction time that became available to the player that way. Although largely irrelevant if one played the game on its own, it caused a lot of trouble for online competitions (see below). Successors Grand Prix 3 and Grand Prix 4 offered LAN-play and were even hacked to be playable over the Internet, but never performed reasonably. Even when the first boom of 3D acceleration chipsets revolutionized gaming, the concept was not reworked as this would have required a large rewrite of the game engine, and remained a problem (although less so because of the available computer power).

[edit] Online gaming and community

F1GP was among the first wave of games that had a busy online community. The first competitions were organized via online services like Compuserve in 1993, crossing over to the wider Internet once that became mainstream.

The racing didn't actually happen online. F1GP only offered modem play. Thus, the competitions were based on submitted save-games of races and practice laps. These were then used in competitions around complete (or partial) races on the one hand, and so called "Hotlap Competitions" on the other hand. Often, the races followed the schedule of the real world Formula One competition.

The community spawned a host of mods, making the game highly customizable for its time. Liveries, car-performance and the performance of the computer-opponents, camera-settings and many other settings could be edited. First attempts at a track-editor emerged, but this would only become reality after the arrival of the successor Grand Prix 2.

Because of the possibilities to edit the performance of the car, or to make other aspects of the game favour the player, there were also a lot of utilities to check for cheats. These could handle just about every possible trick that was available, except one: the mentioned "slow-motion driving" effect. The game didn't store the CPU-load data, which could be displayed via a function key, in any save game file. So there was no way to exclude the possibility that someone maximized the graphics detail on purpose to force a slowdown of the action.

In practice, F1GP was already an 'older' game when online competitions appeared. This meant that most used computers could easily handle the highest detail at the highest framerate. As such, F1GP-based competitions were actually not hit by the "slow-mo" cheat. Both because the communities were small, and because the CPU-power surplus meant that the effect and its possible usefulness as a way to cheat were less well known.

Its successor Grand Prix 2 though, was notorious for its high CPU-demands. When it appeared, there were no systems available that could handle it at full detail. Most people had difficulty finding a good compromise between details and smooth framerate, and the majority were likely playing in moderate slow-motion without being aware.

When the Grand Prix 2 community materialized and exploded far beyond what F1GP ever offered, it soon became apparent that some participants in the competitions submitted results that were totally unrealistic. Telemetry-data files even showed typical signs of "slow-motion driving" (like impossibly fast gearchange speeds) but there was no way to unambiguously prove it.

This problem kept bugging the community for several years until the utility GP2LAP was developed to monitor and log the CPU load dynamically during the driving.

[edit] Magazine reviews

• ZERO 93% "There's no denying F1GP is brilliant stuff."

• CU Amiga 95% "For once, the pre-release hype is certainly justified. So much so, in fact, that F1GP is hard to fault. One of the best games to ever grace the Amiga."

• ACE 930 "A triumph of both programming and design, F1GP isn't so much leading the pack as lapping it."

• Amiga Power 92% "F1GP succeeds on every possible level and dumps on everything else from a great height."

• Power Play (GER) 82% "Ein Rennspiel der Extraklasse"

• Gamer 93% "Each race becomes engrossing to the extreme. Brilliant."

• Amiga Joker (GER) 85% "Mehr als nur ein Rennspiel. Hier stimmt einfach alles. Eine wasch-echte Simulation!"

[edit] Modern-day developments (2006-)

Despite the sheer age of the game and the fact that it is both technically and graphically inferior to modern racing simulators, F1GP still has a small active community and on-going developments relating to the game. At the forefront of this community is one of the last known active locations for this game, found at the racing game website SimRacingWorld [1]. A single section is reserved for F1GP in which downloads and articles from the past remain accessible to anybody interested in the game. In addition to this, any new developments which are of benefit to the community are made available by means of the section news and public forum. On the 14 January 2007, a mailing list [2] was added to further support the game. In this case, the goal was to promote community discussion and allow casual players to remain aware of new developments.

In more recent times, these developments have been limited to small-scale community updates and the development of a new open-source game editor called "Chequered Flag" [3]. However, the introduction of Chequered Flag deserves notable mention; as a unification of previous editing tools and the introduction of new game modification facilities are promised. Despite the slow speed of the development process, the progress achieved has been good and a number of screenshots were released on the 3 September 2006 to give an indication of the editor construction state. This was followed on the 23 December 2006 by the first release of the editor under version 0.1.0. This early version focused only on providing modification facilities for track editing. However, a more complete set of editing tools is expected in the future through a more rapid, but incremental update schedule.

[edit] External links

• Grand Prix at MobyGames
• F1GP section on SimRacingWorld
• SimRacingWorld home page
• Chequered Flag home page
• Formula One Grand Prix/World Circuit mailing list

Geoff Crammond's "Grand Prix" Series
F1GP | Grand Prix 2 | Grand Prix 3 | Grand Prix 4