Furnifold McLendel Simmons
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Furnifold McLendel Simmons (20 January 1854 - 30 April 1940) was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from 1887 to 1889 and U.S. senator from the state of North Carolina between 1901 and 1931. In 1920 he was an unsuccessful contender for the Democratic Party nomination for president.
As a leader of the state Democratic Party, Simmons led the White Supremacy campaigns that effectively disfranchised black voters for a half-century.
Senator Simmons refused to endorse Al Smith, the Democratic nominee for president in 1928. This, together with the Great Depression, led to Simmons being defeated in the 1930 Democratic primary by Josiah W. Bailey, who was backed by Governor O. Max Gardner.
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| Preceded by James E. O'Hara |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from North Carolina's 2nd congressional district 1887-1889 |
Succeeded by Henry P. Cheatham |
| Preceded by Marion Butler |
United States Senator (Class 1) from North Carolina March 4, 1901–March 3, 1931 Served alongside: Jeter Connelly Pritchard, Lee Slater Overman, Cameron A. Morrison |
Succeeded by Josiah William Bailey |
| Preceded by Francis E. Warren |
Dean of the United States Senate November 24, 1929–March 3, 1931 |
Succeeded by Reed Smoot |
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