George Grenville

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The Rt Hon George Grenville
Prime Minister of Great Britain
In office 16 April 1763 – 13 July 1765
Preceded by	The Earl of Bute
Succeeded by	The Marquess of Rockingham
Chancellor of the Exchequer
In office April 16, 1763 – July 16, 1765
Preceded by	Sir Francis Dashwood, 2nd Bt.
Succeeded by	William Dowdeswell
Born	14 October 1712 Westminster, London
Died	13 November 1770 London
Political party	Whig

George Grenville (14 October 1712 – 13 November 1770) was a British Whig statesman who served in government for the relatively short period of seven years, reaching the position of Prime Minister of Great Britain. He was one of the few prime ministers (others include William Pitt the Younger, Sir Winston Churchill and William Gladstone) who never acceded to the peerage.

Grenville was the second son of Richard Grenville and Hester Temple (later the 1st Countess Temple). His elder brother was Richard Grenville-Temple, later the 2nd Earl Temple. Grenville received his education at Eton College and at Christ Church College, Oxford, and was called to the bar in 1736. He entered Parliament in 1741 as member for Buckingham, and continued to represent that borough till his death.

In Parliament he subscribed to the "Boy Patriot" party which opposed Sir Robert Walpole. In December 1744 he became a lord of the admiralty in the administration of Henry Pelham. He allied himself with his brother Richard and with William Pitt the Elder (Richard's brother-in-law) in forcing their leader to give them promotion by rebelling against his authority and obstructing business. In June 1747 Grenville became a Lord of the Treasury, and in 1754 Treasurer of the Navy and Privy Councillor.

As Treasurer of the Navy in 1758 he introduced and carried a bill which established a fairer system of paying the wages of seamen. He remained in office in 1761, when Pitt (by then created Earl of Chatham) resigned upon the question of the war with Spain, and in the administration of Lord Bute functioned as Leader of the House of Commons. In May 1762 he was appointed Secretary of State for the Northern Department, and in October First Lord of the Admiralty; and in April 1763 he became First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer.

Prominent measures of his administration included the prosecution of John Wilkes and the passing of the American Stamp Act 1765, which led to the first symptoms of alienation between American colonies and Great Britain. During the latter period of his term of office he was on a very unsatisfactory footing with the young king George III, who gradually came to feel a kind of horror of the interminable persistency of his conversation, and whom he endeavoured to make use of as the mere puppet of the ministry. The king made various attempts to induce Pitt to come to his rescue by forming a ministry, but without success, and at last had recourse to Lord Rockingham. When Rockingham agreed to accept office, the king dismissed Grenville (July 1765). He never again held office.

The nickname of "gentle shepherd" was given him because he bored the House by asking over and over again, during the debate on the Cider Bill of 1763, that somebody should tell him "where" to lay the new tax if it was not to be put on cider. Pitt whistled the air of the popular tune Gentle Shepherd, tell me where, and the House laughed. Though few excelled him in a knowledge of the forms of the House or in mastery of administrative details, he lacked tact in dealing with people and with affairs.

In 1749 Grenville married Elizabeth Wyndham (before 1731-5 December 1769), daughter of Sir William Wyndham, by whom he had seven children:

• Charlotte Grenville (c. 1751-29 September 1832), who married Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 4th Bt. (before 1754-29 July 1789) on 21 December 1771 and had three children.
• George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, 1st Marquess of Buckingham, the father of the 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos
• Thomas Grenville, a Member of Parliament and book-collector
• Elizabeth Grenville (24 October 1756-21 December 1842), who married the 1st Earl of Carysfort (12 August 1751-7 April 1828) on 12 April 1787 and had three daughters.
• William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville, who himself later became Prime Minister.
• Catherine Grenville (1761-6 November 1796), who married Richard Griffin (3 June 1751-28 February 1825), later the 2nd Baron Braybrooke, on 19 June 1780 and had four children.
• Hester Grenville (before 1767-13 November 1847), who married the 1st Earl Fortescue on 10 May 1782 and had issue.

The Grenville Papers, being the Correspondence of Richard Grenville, Earl Temple, K.G., and the Right Hon. George Grenville, their Friends and Contemporaries, were published at London in 1852, and afford the chief authority for his life. But see also Horace Walpole's Memoirs of the Reign of George II (London, 1845); Lord Stanhope's History of England (London, 1858); Lecky's History of England (1885); and ED Adams, The Influence of Grenville on Pitt's Foreign Policy (Washington, 1904).

[edit] Styles from birth to death

• Mr. George Grenville (1712-1741)
• Mr. George Grenville, MP (1741-1749)
• The Hon. George Grenville, MP (1749-1754)
• The Rt. Hon. George Grenville, MP (1754-1770)

[edit] See also

• Grenvillite

Parliament of Great Britain
Preceded by George Chamberlayne Richard Grenville	Member of Parliament for Buckingham 1741–1770 with George Chamberlayne 1741–1747, Richard Grenville 1747–1752, Temple West 1753–1754, James Grenville 1754–1768, Henry Grenville 1768–1770	Succeeded by Henry Grenville James Grenville
Political offices
Preceded by Henry Legge	Treasurer of the Navy 1756	Succeeded by George Dodington
Preceded by George Dodington	Treasurer of the Navy 1756–1762	Succeeded by The Viscount Barrington
Preceded by William Pitt the Elder	Leader of the House of Commons 1761–1762	Succeeded by Henry Fox
Preceded by The Earl of Bute	Secretary of State for the Northern Department 1762	Succeeded by The Earl of Halifax
Preceded by The Earl of Halifax	First Lord of the Admiralty 1762–1763	Succeeded by The Earl of Sandwich
Preceded by The Earl of Bute	Prime Minister 1763–1765	Succeeded by The Marquess of Rockingham
Preceded by Henry Fox	Leader of the House of Commons 1763–1765	Succeeded by Henry Seymour Conway
Preceded by Sir Francis Dashwood, 2nd Bt.	Chancellor of the Exchequer 1763–1765	Succeeded by William Dowdeswell

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.