Henry Petty-FitzMaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne

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Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne KG PC (1780–1863), son of the 1st Marquess by his second marriage, was born on 2 July 1780 and educated at the University of Edinburgh and at Trinity College, Cambridge. He entered the House of Commons in 1802 as member for the family borough of Calne and quickly showed his mettle as a politician. In February 1806, as Lord Henry Petty, he became Chancellor of the Exchequer in Grenville's "Ministry of All the Talents," being at this time member for the University of Cambridge; but he lost both his seat and his office in 1807. In 1809 he became Marquess of Lansdowne; and in the House of Lords and in society he continued to play an active part as one of the Whig leaders. His chief interest was perhaps in the question of Roman Catholic emancipation, a cause which he consistently championed, but he sympathized also with the advocates of the abolition of the slave-trade and with the cause of popular education. Lansdowne, who had succeeded his cousin, Francis Thomas Fitzmaurice, as 4th Earl of Kerry in 1818, took office with Canning in May 1827 and was Secretary of State for the Home Department from July of that year until January 1828; he was Lord President of the Council under Earl Grey and then under Lord Melbourne from November 1830 to August 1841, with the exception of the few months in 1835 when Sir Robert Peel was prime minister. He held the same office during the whole of Lord John Russell’s ministry (1846–1852), and, having declined to become prime minister, sat in the cabinets of Lord Aberdeen and of Lord Palmerston, but without office. In 1857 he refused the offer of a dukedom, and he died on 31 January 1863. Lansdowne’s social influence and political moderation made him one of the most powerful Whig statesmen of the time; he was frequently consulted by Queen Victoria on matters of moment, and his long official experience made his counsel invaluable to his party. He married Louisa, daughter of the 2nd Earl of Ilchester, and was succeeded by his son Henry, the 4th Marquess (1816–1866).

He was the first president (1834-1836) of what is now the Royal Statistical Society, and later served a second term (1842-1844).

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Joseph Jekyll and Sir Francis Baring, Bt	Member of Parliament for Calne with Joseph Jekyll 1802–1806	Succeeded by Joseph Jekyll and Osborne Markham
Preceded by William Pitt the Younger and Earl of Euston	Member of Parliament for Cambridge University with Earl of Euston 1806–1807	Succeeded by Earl of Euston and Sir Vicary Gibbs
Preceded by Robert Adair and Viscount Maitland	Member of Parliament for Camelford with Robert Adair 1807–1809	Succeeded by Robert Adair and Henry Brougham
Political offices
Preceded by William Pitt the Younger	Chancellor of the Exchequer 1806–1807	Succeeded by Spencer Perceval
Preceded by William Sturges-Bourne	Home Secretary 1827–1828	Succeeded by Sir Robert Peel, Bt
Preceded by The Earl Bathurst	Lord President of the Council 1830–1834	Succeeded by The Earl of Rosslyn
Preceded by The Earl of Rosslyn	Lord President of the Council 1835–1841	Succeeded by The Lord Wharncliffe
Preceded by The Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry	Lord President of the Council 1846–1852	Succeeded by The Earl of Lonsdale
Preceded by The Duke of Wellington	Leader of the House of Lords 1846–1852	Succeeded by The Earl of Derby
Honorary Titles
Preceded by The Earl of Pembroke	Lord Lieutenant of Wiltshire 1827–1863	Succeeded by The Marquess of Ailesbury

Preceded by John Petty	Marquess of Lansdowne 1809–1863	Succeeded by Henry Petty-FitzMaurice
Preceded by Francis FitzMaurice	Earl of Kerry 1818–1863	Succeeded by Henry Petty-FitzMaurice