Java Platform, Enterprise Edition
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| Micro Edition (ME) |
| Standard Edition (SE) |
| Enterprise Edition (EE) |
Java Platform, Enterprise Edition or Java EE (formerly known as Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition or J2EE until the name was changed to Java EE in version 1.5), is a programming platform—part of the Java Platform—for developing and running distributed multitier architecture Java applications, based largely on modular software components running on an application server. The Java EE platform is defined by a specification. Similar to other Java Community Process specifications, Java EE is also considered informally to be a standard because providers must agree to certain conformance requirements in order to declare their products as Java EE compliant; albeit with no ISO or ECMA standard.
Java EE includes several API specifications, such as JDBC, RMI, e-mail, JMS, web services, XML, etc, and defines how to coordinate them. Java EE also features some specifications unique to Java EE for components. These include Enterprise JavaBeans, servlets, portlets (following the Java Portlet specification), JavaServer Pages and several web service technologies. This allows the developer to create an enterprise application that is portable between platforms and scalable, while integrating with legacy technologies. Other added bonuses are, for example, that the application server can handle the transactions, security, scalability, concurrency and management of the components that are deployed to it, meaning that the developers can concentrate more on the business logic of the components rather than infrastructure and integration tasks.
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[edit] History
The original J2EE specification was developed by Sun Microsystems.
Starting with J2EE 1.3, the specification was developed under the Java Community Process. JSR 58 specifies J2EE 1.3 and JSR 151 specifies the J2EE 1.4 specification.
The J2EE 1.3 SDK was first released by Sun as a beta in April 2001. The J2EE 1.4 SDK beta was released by Sun in December 2002.
The Java EE 5 specification was developed under JSR 244 and the final release was made on May 11, 2006.
The Java EE 6 specification is being developed under JSR 313 and is scheduled for release in 2008.
[edit] General APIs
The Java EE APIs includes several technologies that extend the functionality of the base Java SE APIs.
[edit] javax.ejb.*
The Enterprise JavaBeans API defines a set of APIs that a distributed object container will support in order to provide persistence, remote procedure calls (using RMI or RMI-IIOP), concurrency control, and access control for distributed objects.
[edit] javax.naming
The javax.naming, javax.naming.directory, javax.naming.event, javax.naming.ldap and javax.naming.spi packages define the Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) API.
[edit] java.sql, javax.sql
The java.sql and javax.sql packages define the Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) API.
[edit] java.transaction.*
These packages define the Java Transaction API (JTA).
[edit] javax.xml.*
These packages define the JAXP API. This is used for XML parsing.
xml is an language used in java 2 platform, enterprise Edition(section)
[edit] javax.jms.*
These packages define the Java Message Service (JMS) API.
[edit] javax.jws.*
These packages define the JAX-WS API responsible for web services support.
[edit] Low cost development
One of the benefits of Java EE as a platform is that it is possible to get started with little or no cost. The Java EE implementation from Sun Microsystems can be downloaded for free, and there are a great many open source tools available to extend the platform or to simplify development.
Examples of third party open source Java development tools include:
- NetBeans IDE, a Java based integrated development environment (IDE)
- The Eclipse platform, a Java based IDE
- Jedit, an opensource, Java based text editor
- Apache Ant, an automated build tool
- Apache Maven, an automated build and dependency management tool
- JUnit, a framework for automating unit tests
- Apache Tomcat, a Servlet/JSP web container
- Jetty, a web server and Servlet/JSP web container
- Struts, a framework for developing Java EE web applications
- Jakarta JMeter, a load testing tool for web servers
- JasperReports, a report writer
- OpenXava, an open source framework for easy development of J2EE business application
- Spring Framework
[edit] Java EE 5 application server certified
- GlassFish, an open-source application server from Sun
- JBoss, an open-source application server from JBoss
- SAP NetWeaver Application Server, Java EE 5 Edition from SAP
- JEUS 6, a Linux specific Application Server from TmaxSoft
[edit] J2EE 1.4 application server certified
- Pramati Server 5.0
- Geronimo, an open-source application server from Apache
- JOnAS, an open-source application server from ObjectWeb
- Oracle Application Server 10g
- Resin, an application server with integrated XML support
- SAP NetWeaver Application Server, Java EE 5 Edition from SAP
- Sun Java System Web Server
- Sun Java System Application Server
- IBM WebSphere Application Server (WAS), a fully scalable, fully J2EE-compliant application server from IBM
- WebLogic Application Server from BEA Systems
[edit] J2EE 1.3 application server certified
- JRun Application Server from Macromedia
[edit] Publications
- Perrone, Paul J.; Chaganti, Krishna (2003). J2EE Developer's Handbook. Indianapolis, Indiana: Sam's Publishing. ISBN 0-672-32348-6.
- Bodoff, Stephanie (2004). The J2EE Tutorial. Boston: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-321-24575-X.
- Solveig Haugland, Mark Cade, Anthony Orapallo: J2EE 1.4: The Big Picture, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-148010-3
- Alan Monnox: Rapid J2EE Development: An Adaptive Foundation for Enterprise Applications, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-147220-8
- Renaud Pawlak, Lionel Seinturier, Jean-Philippe Retaillé: Foundations of AOP for J2EE Development, ISBN 1-59059-507-6
- Christopher Judd, Hakeem Shittu: Pro Eclipse JST: Plug-ins for J2EE Development, ISBN 1-59059-493-2
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Sun's Official Java EE Tutorial
- Sun's Java EE Training
- Sun's Java EE page - official documentation
- J2EE 1.4 API Javadocs
- Java EE 5 technologies and JSRs
- Sun's J2EE compatibility page - certified J2EE servers
- Javalobby.org - popular Java, JSP & J2EE developer forums
- Jim Farley 1 August 2000. (O'Reilly 2004.)
- JavaToolbox List of the available development tools and libraries for Java/J2EE
- Java BluePrints - Sun's best practices for Java 2, Enterprise Edition application development.
- JavaRSS.com - A Java portal of Java websites rich in Java & J2EE News, Articles, Blogs, Groups, Forums and Tags
- Enterprise Java Technologies Tech Tips
- Java EE Tips
- SimplerJ2EE.com - Simpler J2EE
[edit] Examples of Java EE application servers
- BEA WebLogic (http://bea.com/framework.jsp?CNT=index.htm&FP=/content/products/server)
- Borland Enterprise Server (http://www.borland.com/bes/appserver)
- Geronimo Application Server by Apache Software Foundation (http://geronimo.apache.org)
- JBoss Application Server (http://www.jboss.org/products/jbossas)
- JOnAS by ObjectWeb consortium (Java Open Application Server, http://jonas.objectweb.org)
- JRun by Macromedia (http://www.macromedia.com/software/jrun/)
- Oracle Application Server (http://www.oracle.com/appserver)
- Orion Application Server by IronFlare (http://www.orionserver.com)
- Pramati Server (http://www.pramati.com)
- Sun Java System Application Server (http://www.sun.com/software/products/appsrvr/home_appsrvr.xml)
- WebSphere Application Server by IBM (http://www-306.ibm.com/software/webservers/appserv/was/features)
- WebObjects Application Server by Apple Computer (http://www.apple.com/webobjects)
