Joseph Ingraham
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| Joseph Ingraham | |
|---|---|
| 1762-1800 | |
| Place of death | sea |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | United States Navy |
| Battles/wars | American Revolutionary War, Quasi-War |
Joseph Ingraham (1762-1800) was an American sailor who discovered several islands of the Marquesas Islands. He was also a prisoner in the American Revolutionary War and an officer in the United States Navy.
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[edit] Early life
During the War of Independence Joseph Ingraham was a sailor captured by the British. He spent part of the war on a prison ship.[1]
[edit] Pacific voyages
On September 16, 1790, Ingraham set sail from Boston as captain of the brig Hope.[2] His destination was a return to the northwest coast to partake in the fur trade.[2] Ingraham and his ship sailed around Cape Horn, passing by the southern tip of South America on January 26, 1791.[3] Their next stop was at Port Madre de Dios on the island of Dominica, part of the Marquesas Islands chain on April 14.[3] While in this Spanish port they took on some provisions before sailing north again.[3] A few days later on April 19, 1792, Ingraham discovered a small uncharted island group.[2] These islands were situated roughly nine degrees south of the equator.[4] Captain Ingraham named the group Washington Islands, and named many of the individual islands: Washington Island for the president, Adams Island for the vice president, Federal Island, Franklin Island, Knox Island, and lastly Lincoln Island for a general.[3] The island are approximately at 9° 20' south of the Equator and 140° 54' west of London.[3] These islands are part of the Marquesas chain. Upon sailing from the Marquesas archipelago Ingraham sailed north to the Sandwich Islands before sailing on to the Queen Charlotte Islands on the northwest coast of North America.[2]
After arriving off the coast of North America Captain Graham set about trading for the fur pelts he was sent to bargain for from the natives.[4] During this trading, while in Neah Bay off Cape Flattery, Ingraham encountered Captain Gray. Gray on September 26, 1792, in command of the Columbia.[5] Gray was there to sell his small craft Adventure to the Spanish. The Adventure was under the command of Ingraham’s former shipmate Robert Haswell. The next day Ingraham and the Hope set sail with the Spanish Princessia that was sailing north to Nootka to deliver Spain’s new administrator to that outpost.[6] After spending the summer trading for fur pelts from the natives along the coast, Ingraham then sailed to China via the Sandwich Islands, and then back to Boston.[2] On the journey to the Chinese mainland the ship log shows the crew passing by the island of Formosa.[4] This voyage was a commercial failure.[7]
[edit] Later life
During the United States’ undeclared Quasi-War with France in the late 1790s Ingraham served as a naval officer.[8] There he was a lieutenant, last appearing on Navy Department records on June 14, 1799.[8] Joseph Ingraham was lost at sea in 1800.[2]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ American Prisoners of the Revolution: Names of 8000 Men
- ^ a b c d e f Hittell, Theodore Henry (1885). History of California. Occidental publishing co: v. 3-4:.
- ^ a b c d e Account of the Discovery of Seven Islands in the South Pacifick Ocean, by Capt. Joseph Ingraham. excerpts from the COLLECTIONS OF THE MASSACHUSETTS Historical Society For the Year 1793. Vol. II. Cape Cod History. Retrieved on 2007-02-20.
- ^ a b c Boggs, S. Whittemore (1938). American Contributions to Geographical Knowledge of the Central Pacific. Geographical Review, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 177-192. DOI:10.2307/210470.
- ^ Howay, Frederic W. Voyages of the Columbia to the Northwest Coast. Boston: The Massachusetts Historical Society (1941), p. 355
- ^ Howay. p. 355
- ^ Lewis & Clark
