| 년도 |
수상자 |
사유 |
| 1901년 |
빌헬름 콘라트 뢴트겐 |
"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him" |
| 1902년 |
헨드리크 안톤 로렌츠와 피터 제만 |
"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena". See: Zeeman effect |
| 1903년 |
앙투안 앙리 베크렐 |
"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity" |
| 피에르 퀴리와 마리 퀴리 |
"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel" |
| 1904년 |
존 윌리엄 스트럿 레일리 |
"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies" |
| 1905년 |
필리프 에두아르트 안톤 레나르트 |
"for his work on cathode rays" |
| 1906년 |
조지프 존 톰슨 |
"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases" |
| 1907년 |
앨버트 마이켈슨 |
"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid". See Michelson-Morley experiment. |
| 1908년 |
가브리엘 리프만 |
"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference" |
| 1909년 |
굴리엘모 마르코니와 카를 페르디난트 브라운 |
"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy" |
| 년도 |
수상자 |
사유 |
| 1910년 |
요하네스 디데리크 반데르 발스 |
"For his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids." See: van der Waals force |
| 1911년 |
빌헬름 빈 |
"For his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat." See: Wien law |
| 1912년 |
닐스 구스타프 달렌 |
"For his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys." |
| 1913년 |
하이케 카메를링 오네스 |
"For his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium" |
| 1914년 |
막스 폰 라우에 |
"For his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals." |
| 1915년 |
윌리엄 헨리 브래그와 윌리엄 로런스 브래그 |
"For their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays." |
| 1916년 |
|
(The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.) |
| 1917년 |
찰스 글러버 바클라 |
"For his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements." |
| 1918년 |
막스 플랑크 |
"In recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta." |
| 1919년 |
요하네스 슈타르크 |
"For his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields." See: Stark effect |
| 연도 |
수상자 |
사유 |
| 1920년 |
샤를 에두아르 지욤 |
"in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys" |
| 1921년 |
알베르트 아인슈타인 |
"for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect" |
| 1922년 |
닐스 헨리크 다비드 보어 |
"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them" |
| 1923년 |
로버트 앤드루스 밀리칸 |
"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect" |
| 1924년 |
칼 만네 예오리 시그반 |
"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy" |
| 1925년 |
제임스 프랑크와 구스타프 루드비히 헤르츠 |
"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom" |
| 1926년 |
장 바티스트 페랭 |
"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium" |
| 1927년 |
아서 컴프턴 |
"for his discovery of the effect named after him". See: Compton effect |
| 찰스 톰슨 리스 윌슨 |
"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour". See: cloud chamber |
| 1928년 |
오언 윌런스 리처드슨 |
"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him" |
| 1929년 |
루이 드브로이 |
"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons". See: De Broglie hypothesis |
| 년도 |
수상자 |
사유 |
| 1930년 |
찬드라세카 벵카타 라만 |
"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him" |
| 1931년 |
|
(The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.) |
| 1932년 |
베르너 하이젠베르크 |
"for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen" |
| 1933년 |
에어빈 슈뢰딩거와 폴 디랙 |
"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory" |
| 1934년 |
|
(The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.) |
| 1935년 |
제임스 채드윅 |
"for the discovery of the neutron" |
| 1936년 |
빅토르 프란치스 프란츠 헤스 |
"for his discovery of cosmic radiation" |
| 칼 데이비드 앤더슨 |
"for his discovery of the positron" |
| 1937년 |
클린턴 조지프 데이비슨 and 조지 패짓 톰슨 |
"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals". See: wave-particle duality |
| 1938년 |
엔리코 페르미 |
"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons" |
| 1939년 |
어니스트 올랜도 로런스 |
"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements" |
| 연도 |
수상자 |
사유 |
| 1940년 |
|
The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. |
| 1941년 |
| 1942년 |
| 1943년 |
오토 슈테른 |
"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton" |
| 1944년 |
이지도어 아이작 라비 |
"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei" |
| 1945년 |
볼프강 파울리 |
"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli principle" |
| 1946년 |
퍼시 윌리엄스 브리지먼 |
"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made there within the field of high pressure physics" |
| 1947년 |
에드워드 빅터 애플턴 |
"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer" |
| 1948년 |
패트릭 메이너드 스튜어트 블래킷 |
"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation" |
| 1949년 |
유카와 히데키 |
"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces". See: Yukawa potential |
| 년도 |
수상자 |
사유 |
| 1950년 |
세실 프랭크 파월 |
"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method" |
| 1951년 |
존 더글러스 콕크로프트와 어니스트 토머스 신턴 월턴 |
"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles" |
| 1952년 |
펠릭스 블로흐와 에드워드 밀스 퍼셀 |
"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith" |
| 1953년 |
프리츠 프레데리크 제르니케 |
"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope" |
| 1954년 |
막스 보른 |
"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction" |
| 발터 보테 |
"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith" |
| 1955년 |
윌리스 유진 램 |
"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum". See: Lamb shift |
| 폴리카프 쿠시 |
"for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron" |
| 1956년 |
윌리엄 쇼클리, 존 바딘, 그리고 월터 하우저 브래튼 |
"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect" |
| 1957년 |
양전닝과 리정다오 |
"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles" |
| 1958년 |
알렉세예리치 파벨 체렌코프, 일리야 미하일로비치 프랑크, 그리고 이고리 예브게니예비치 탐 |
"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov-Vavilov effect" |
| 1959년 |
에밀리오 지노 세그레 and 오언 체임벌린 |
"for their discovery of the antiproton" |
| 연도 |
수상자 |
사유 |
| 1960년 |
도널드 아서 글레이서 |
"거품상자의 발명" |
| 1961년 |
로버트 호프스태터 |
"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons" |
| 루돌프 Rudwig 뫼스바우어 |
"for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his 수상자". See:Mossbauer effect |
| 1962년 |
레브 다비도비치 란다우(Лев Давидович Ландау) |
"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium" |
| 1963년 |
유진 폴 위그너 |
"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles" |
| 마리아 괴퍼트-메이어 J. 한스 다니엘 옌센 |
"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure" |
| 1964년 |
찰스 하드 타운스, 니콜라이 제나드비치 바소프 (Николай Геннадиевич Басов), 알렉산드라 미하일로비치 프로호로프 (Александр Михайлович Прохоров) |
"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle" |
| 1965년 |
도모니가 신이치로 (일본) (朝永 振一郎), 줄리앙 스윙거, 리차드 파인만 (이상 미국) |
"양자 전기역학 분야에서의 기초적 연구, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles" |
| 1966년 |
알프레드 카스트렐 |
"for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms" |
| 1967년 |
한스 베테 (독일 & 미국) |
"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars" |
| 1968년 |
루이즈 월터 앨바레즈 |
"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis" |
| 1969년 |
머리 겔만 (미국) |
"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions". See: Eightfold way |
| 연도 |
이름 |
수상 사유 |
| 1970년 |
한네스 알벤 (스웨덴) |
"for fundamental work and discoveries in magneto-hydrodynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics" |
| 루이 넬 (프랑스) |
"for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics" |
| 1971년 |
데니스 가보르 (헝가리) |
"홀로그래피 기법발명" |
| 1972년 |
존 바딘 (미국), 리언 N. 쿠퍼 (미국), and 존 R. 슈리퍼 (미국) |
"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory" |
| 1973년 |
에사키 레오 (일본/미국) and 이바르 에이베르 (노르웨이) |
"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively" |
| 브라이언 데이비드 조지프슨 (웨일즈,영국) |
"for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effect" |
| 1974년 |
마틴 라일경 (잉글랜드,영국) and 안토니 휴이시 (잉글랜드,영국) |
"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars" |
| 1975년 |
오게 닐스 보어 (덴마크), 벤 로이 모텔손 (미국), and 레오 제임스 레인워터 (미국) |
"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection" |
| 1976년 |
버튼 리히터 (미국) and 새뮤얼 C C 팅 (미국) |
"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind". In other words: for discovery of the J/Ψ particle as it confirmed the idea that baryonic matter (such as the nuclei of atoms) is made out of quarks. |
| 1977년 |
필립 W. 앤더슨 (미국), 네빌 프랜시스 모트경 (잉글랜드,영국), and 존 H. 반 블렉 (미국) |
"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems" |
| 1978년 |
표트르 L. 카피차 (Пётр Леонидович Капица) (러시아) |
"for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics" |
| 아노 A. 펜지어스 (독일/미국) and 로버트 W. 윌슨 (미국) |
"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation" |
| 1979년 |
셸던 L.글래쇼 (미국), 아브두스 살람 (파키스탄), and 스티븐 와인버그 (미국) |
"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current" |
| 연도 |
수상자 |
사유 |
| 1980년 |
James Watson Cronin (미국)and Val Logsdon Fitch (미국) |
"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons". See: CP-violation |
| 1981년 |
Nicolaas Bloembergen (The Netherlands) and Arthur Leonard Schawlow (미국) |
"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy" |
| Kai Manne Börje Siegbahn (Sweden) |
"for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy" |
| 1982년 |
Kenneth G. Wilson (미국) |
"for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions" |
| 1983년 |
수브라마니안 찬드라세카르 (India) |
"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars". See Chandrasekhar limit |
| 윌리엄 앨프리드 파울러 (미국) |
"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe" |
| 1984년 |
Carlo Rubbia (이탈리아) and Simon van der Meer (The Netherlands) |
"for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction" |
| 1985년 |
클라우스 폰 클리칭 (폴란드/독일) |
"for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect" |
| 1986년 |
에른스트 루스카 (독일) |
"for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope" |
| 게르트 비닝(독일)과 하인리히 로흐러(스위스) |
"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope" |
| 1987년 |
Johannes Georg Bednorz (독일) and Karl Alexander Müller (Switzerland) |
"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials" |
| 1988년 |
Leon Max Lederman (미국), Melvin Schwartz (미국), and Jack Steinberger (독일/미국) |
"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino" |
| 1989년 |
Norman Foster Ramsey (미국) |
"for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks" |
| Hans Georg Dehmelt (독일/미국) and Wolfgang Paul (독일) |
"for the development of the ion trap technique" |
| 연도 |
수상자 |
사유 |
| 1990년 |
Jerome Isaac Friedman (미국), Henry Way Kendall (미국), and Richard Edward Taylor (Canada/미국) |
"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics" |
| 1991년 |
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (프랑스) |
"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers" |
| 1992년 |
Georges Charpak (프랑스) |
"for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber" |
| 1993년 |
러셀 알란 헐제 (미국)와 조셉 후튼 테일러 주니어 (미국) |
"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation" |
| 1994년 |
Both |
"for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter" |
| Bertram Neville Brockhouse (Canada) |
"for the development of neutron spectroscopy" |
| Clifford Glenwood Shull (미국) |
"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique" |
| 1995년 |
Both |
"for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics" |
| Martin Lewis Perl (미국) |
"for the discovery of the tau lepton" |
| Frederick Reines년 (미국) |
"for the detection of the neutrino" |
| 1996년 |
David Morris Lee (미국), Douglas Dean Osheroff (미국), and Robert Coleman Richardson (미국) |
"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3" |
| 1997년 |
Steven Chu(미국), Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (France), and William Daniel Phillips (미국) |
"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light" |
| 1998년 |
Robert B. Laughlin (미국), Horst Ludwig Störmer (독일), and Daniel Chee Tsui (China/미국) |
"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations". See: Quantum Hall effect |
| 1999년 |
Gerardus 't Hooft (The Netherlands) and Martinus J.G. Veltman (The Netherlands) |
"for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics" |
| 연도 |
수상자 |
사유 |
| 2000년 |
| Zhores Ivanovich Alferov (벨라루스/소련) and Herbert Kroemer (미국) |
"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and optoelectronics" |
| Jack St. Clair Kilby (미국) |
"for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit" |
| 2001년 |
Eric Allin Cornell (미국), Wolfgang Ketterle (독일), Carl Edwin Wieman (미국) |
"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates" |
| 2002년 |
Raymond Davis Jr. (미국) Masatoshi Koshiba (일본) |
"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos" |
| Riccardo Giacconi (이탈리아/미국) |
"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources" |
| 2003년 |
Alexei Alexeevich Abrikosov (Russia), V이탈리아 Lazarevich Ginzburg (Russia) and Anthony James Leggett (England, UK) |
"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids" |
| 2004년 |
David J. Gross (미국/Israel), H. David Politzer (미국)and Frank Wilczek (미국) |
"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction" |
| 2005년 |
Roy J. Glauber (미국) |
"for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence" |
| John L. Hall (미국)and Theodor W. Hänsch (독일) |
"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique" |
| 2006년 |
John C. Mather (미국)and George F. Smoot (미국) |
"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation" |
