Lambeth Central by-election, 1978

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The Lambeth Central by-election was held on 20 April 1978, following the death of Labour Party Member of Parliament for Lambeth Central Marcus Lipton.

While the seat had seen significant Labour majorities at the February and October 1974 UK general elections, and Lambeth in general was regarded as a safe Labour area, the party was struggling in the polls. They selected John Tilley, the leader of Wandsworth Borough Council who had unsuccessfully contested Kensington in the 1974 elections.

Labour's weak position gave the Conservative Party hope that it might gain the seat in a surprise victory. They stood Jeremy Hanley, a chartered accountant educated at Rugby School. The Liberal Party had little base in the area, but decided to contest the seat regardless.

Several minor parties hoped to do well in the by-election. The far right National Front had polled well in recent elections in London and maintained a high profile during the election campaign. Meanwhile, several far left groups organised in the area stood in the hope of combating the National Front and raising their own profiles. Actor Corin Redgrave stood for the Workers Revolutionary Party, while the Socialist Unity coalition and Socialist Party of Great Britain also stood, while the Socialist Workers Party stood in the name of their publication Flame - Black Workers Paper For Self Defence.

In total, eleven candidates stood, setting a new record for a by-election in the UK, one more than in the City of London and Westminster by-election, 1977. This record was again broken at the Croydon North West by-election, 1981.

[edit] Results

Labour held the seat, but with a significantly reduced majority, as the Conservatives picked up votes. While the National Front only won 6.2% of the vote, this enabled them to beat the Liberals into an embarrassing fourth place. Three of the socialist parties won around 1% of the votes each, a result which was most disappointing for the Workers Revolutionary Party, who had stood in the constituency in previous years and had stood a well-known candidate.

Tilley held the constituency until its abolition in 1983, but proved unable to win a new seat at that year's election. Hanley was elected for Richmond and Barnes at the 1983 UK general election. The National Front suffered several splits and declined in importance, never again beating a major party candidate at a by-election. The Socialist Workers Party decided against contesting elections, but the other socialist organisations stood candidates in 1979.

Lambeth Central by-election, 1978
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	John Tilley	10,311	49.5	-10.5
	Conservative	Jeremy Hanley	7,170	34.4	+8.2
	National Front	Helena Steven	1,291	6.2	N/A
	Liberal	David Blunt	1,104	5.3	-7.2
	Socialist Unity	John Chase	287	1.4	N/A
	Workers' Revolutionary	Corin Redgrave	271	1.3	+0.4
	Socialist Workers	Anthony Bogues	201	1.0	N/A
	Socialist Party (GB)	Barry McNeeney	91	0.4	N/A
	Independent	Alan Whereat	55	0.3	N/A
	South London People's Front	Stuart Monro	38	0.2	N/A
	Democratic Monarchist	Bill Boaks	27	0.1	N/A
Majority			3,141	15.1	-18.8
Turnout			20,846
	Labour hold		Swing

Lambeth Central: October 1974 UK general election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Marcus Lipton	15,381	60.0
	Conservative	N. Lyell	6,704	17.2
	Liberal	P. Easton	3,211	12.5
	Workers' Revolutionary	S. Smart	233	0.9
	Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist)	P. Bratton	88	0.3
Majority			8,677	33.9
Turnout				52.6
	Labour hold		Swing