List of Austrian Jews

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Austria first became a center of Jewish learning during the 13th century. However, increasing anti-semitism led to the expulsion of the Jews in 1669. Following formal readmission in 1848, a sizable Jewish community developed once again, contributing strongly to Austrian culture. By the 1930s, some 300,000 Jews lived in Austria, most of them in Vienna. Following the Anschluss with Nazi Germany, most of the community emigrated or were killed in the Holocaust. The current Austrian Jewish population is around 7,400. The following is a list of some prominent Austrian Jews. Here German speaking Jews from the whole Habsburg Empire are listed.

Contents 1 Historical figures 1.1 Politicians 1.2 Other 2 Academic figures 2.1 Scientists 2.2 Psychologists 2.3 Social and political scientists 3 Cultural figures 3.1 Film and stage 3.2 Musicians 3.3 Composers 3.4 Artists 4 Writers 5 Sport figures 6 Miscellaneous 7 Others 8 Footnotes 9 See also

[edit] Historical figures

[edit] Politicians

• Max Adler (1873–1937), Austrian social-marxist philosopher
• Viktor Adler, Austrian Socialist leader
• Otto Bauer, Austrian Socialist leader Republikanischer Schutzbund
• Julius Deutsch, Founder and chairman of the paramilitary organization "Republikanischer Schutzbund"
• Rudolf Hilferding, German Finance Minister
• Walter Hollitscher, Austrian Marxist philosopher (1911-1988)
• Teddy Kollek, Mayor of Jerusalem (1965-1993)
• Bruno Kreisky, Austrian Chancellor (1970-1983)
• Ignaz Kuranda, politician ^[1]

[edit] Other

• Friedrich Adler (1879-1960), son of Viktor Adler assassin of Count Karl von Stürgkh
• Nathan Birnbaum, early Zionist
• David Josef Bach, important and influential figure in the cultural life
• Adolf Fischhof, leader in Viennese revolution of 1848
• Felix Frankfurter, US judge & civil rights activist
• Alfred Fried, pacifist, Nobel Peace Prize (1911)
• Theodor Herzl, Zionist leader
• Emil Jellinek, automobile entrepreneur
• Samuel Oppenheimer, court Jew
• Felix G. Rohatyn, New York financer
• Samson Wertheimer, court Jew
• Simon Wiesenthal, Nazi-hunter

[edit] Academic figures

[edit] Scientists

• Robert Adler, physicist
• Hermann Bondi, cosmologist
• Erwin Chargaff, chemist
• Carl Djerassi, chemist: first oral contraceptive pill
• Paul Ehrenfest, physicist
• Albert Einhorn, biochemist: Novocaine
• Walter Feit, mathematician
• Sir Otto Frankel, geneticist [11]
• Otto Frisch, physicist
• Thomas Gold, cosmologist (Jewish father)
• Hans Hahn, mathematician
• Eric Kandel, neuroscientist, Nobel Prize (2000)
• Martin Karplus, chemist
• Walter Kohn, physicist, Nobel Prize (1998)
• Rudolf Kompfner, invented traveling wave tube
• Hans Kronberger (physicist), nuclear physicist^[2]
• Karl Landsteiner, biologist: blood groups, Nobel Prize (1930)
• Adolf Lieben, chemist
• Robert von Lieben, physicist (Jewish father) [12]
• Herman F. Mark, chemist: polymers (Jewish father)
• Lise Meitner, physicist: nuclear fission
• Gustav Nossal, immunologist (Jewish father)
• Friedrich Paneth, chemist
• Wolfgang Pauli, physicist, Nobel Prize (1945) (three-fourths Jewish)
• Max Perutz, molecular biologist, Nobel Prize (1962)
• Isidor Isaac Rabi, physicist, Nobel Prize (1944)
• Victor Frederick Weisskopf (1908 - 2002) physicist. During World War II, he worked at Los Alamos on the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb, and later campaigned against the proliferation of nuclear weapons^[3]

[edit] Psychologists

• Alexandra Adler, post-traumatic stress
• Alfred Adler, founder of individual psychology
• Ernst Angel, psychology and writer
• Bruno Bettelheim, child psychology
• Josef Breuer, forerunner of psychoanalysis
• Anna Freud, child psychoanalysis
• Sigmund Freud, founder of psychoanalysis
• Viktor Frankl, founder of logotherapy
• Leo Kanner, child psychiatry
• Melanie Klein, psychotherapy ^[4]
• Heinz Kohut, psychoanalysis
• Sophie Lazarsfeld individualpsychologist, student of Alfred Adler, mother of Paul Felix Lazarsfeld
• Walter Mischel, experimental psychology
• Jacob L. Moreno, developer of psychodrama
• Otto Rank, psychoanalysis
• Wilhelm Reich, psychiatry and psychoanalysis [13]
• Theodor Reik, psychoanalysis

[edit] Social and political scientists

• Gustav Bergmann, philosopher
• Peter Blau, sociologist
• Martin Buber, Jewish philosopher
• Paul Edwards, philosopher ^[14]
• Eugen Ehrlich, sociology of law
• Herbert Feigl, philosopher
• Philipp Frank, philosopher
• Paul Frankl, art historian
• Heinrich Gomperz, philosopher
• Theodor Gomperz, philosopher
• Theodor Hertzka, writer of Freiland
• Raul Hilberg, holocaust historian
• Ivan Illich, polymath (Jewish mother)
• Norbert Jokl, founder of Albanology^[5]
• Hans Kelsen, legal philosopher
• Nachman Krochmal, Jewish philosopher
• Otto Kurz, historian (Jewish Year Book 1975 p214)
• Paul Felix Lazarsfeld, sociologist
• Gerda Lerner, American feminist historian
• Robert Lowie, anthropologist
• Ludwig von Mises, economist (converted to Catholicism)
• Otto Neurath, sociologist (Jewish father)
• Wilhelm Neurath, economist
• Julius Pokorny, scholar of Irish Gaelic
• Karl Popper, philosopher of science
• Egon Ranshofen-Wertheimer, diplomat, journalist, political scientist
• Alfred Schutz, sociologist
• Friedrich Waissman, philosopher
• Otto Weininger, anti-Semitic philosopher
• Felix Weltsch, Jewish writer, philosopher, journalist, zionist
• Ludwig Wittgenstein, philosopher (Jewish father, Catholic mother); Evening Standard (London); 24/5/2004, p15

"Born less than a week apart, Adolf Hitler and the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein attended the institution together. There is a haunting school photograph of the young, complex, Jewish philosopher just one row away from the most evil tyrant of the 20th century."

• Eric Wolf, anthropologist

[edit] Cultural figures

[edit] Film and stage

• Leon Askin, actor
• John Banner, actor
• Theodore Bikel, actor
• Elisabeth Bergner, stage actress
• Rudolph Bing (1902 - 1997) opera impresario, General Manager of the Metropolitan Opera in New York from 1950 to 1972^[6]
• Gerhard Bronner, cabaret artist
• George Burns, actor (Austrian parents)
• Heinrich Conried, theatre owner & manager
• Ricardo Cortez, actor
• Max Fleischer, animator
• William Fox, film producer
• Fritz Grünbaum & Karl Farkas, caberet artists
• Fritz Kortner, director
• Georg Kreisler, cabaret artist
• Hedy Lamarr, actress & inventor
• Fritz Lang, director (Jewish mother)
• Hermann Leopoldi, cabaret artist
• Fritzi Massary, singer
• Paul Muni, actor
• Luise Rainer, actress
• Max Reinhardt, director
• Joseph Schildkraut, actor
• Sam Spiegel, producer
• Josef von Sternberg, director
• Erich von Stroheim, director & actor
• Edgar G. Ulmer, director
• Helene Weigel, stage actress
• Billy Wilder, director
• Fred Zinnemann, director

[edit] Musicians

• Kurt Adler, conductor
• Norbert Brainin, violinist
• Emanuel Feuermann, cellist
• Felix Galimir, violinist
• Heinrich Grünfeld, cellist
• Alfred Grünfeld, pianist
• Hans Keller, musicologist
• Julius Korngold, music critic
• Fritz Kreisler (1875 - 1962) violinist and composer, one of the most famous of his day^[7]
• Josef Krips, conductor (Jewish father)
• Erich Leinsdorf, conductor
• Erica Morini, violinist
• David Popper, cellist
• Julius Rudel, conductor
• Rudolf Schwarz, conductor ^[8]
• Rudolf Serkin, pianist
• Fritz Spiegl, broadcaster
• Fritz Stiedry, conductor
• Salomon Sulzer, cantor
• Richard Tauber, singer and composer (Jewish father)
• Georg Tintner, conductor
• Egon Wellesz, composer [15]
• Paul Wittgenstein, pianist
• Fannie Bloomfield Zeisler, pianist

[edit] Composers

• Guido Adler, musicologist (born in Bohemia)
• Max Brand, pioneer of electronic music
• Edmund Eysler, composer
• Leo Fall, composer
• Wilhelm Grosz, composer
• Walter Jurmann, popular composer
• Erich Wolfgang Korngold, composer (born in Bohemia) ^[9]
• Fritz Kreisler (1875 - 1962) violinist and composer, one of the most famous of his day^[7]
• Frederick Loewe, Broadway composer (Jewish father)
• Gustav Mahler, composer (born in Bohemia)
• Ignaz Moscheles, composer and pianist
• Arnold Schoenberg, composer
• Robert Starer, composer
• Max Steiner, film composer
• Oscar Straus, composer
• Ernst Toch, composer
• Viktor Ullmann, composer and pianist
• Erich Zeisl, composer
• Alexander von Zemlinsky, composer

[edit] Artists

• Harry Seidler, Architect
• Hattie Carnegie, jewelry designer
• Josef Frank, architect & designer
• Ernst Fuchs, painter (Jewish father)
• Rudi Gernreich, fashion designer
• Ernst Gombrich, art historian
• Chaim Gross, sculptor
• Victor Gruen, architect of the modern American shopping mall
• André Heller, multimedia artist
• Friedensreich Hundertwasser, artist & architect (Jewish mother)
• Lisette Model, photographer (Jewish father)
• Richard Neutra, architect
• Weegee, photographer
• Berta Zuckerkandl, art critic & salon host, see Salon of Berta Zuckerkandl

[edit] Writers

• Walter Abish, writer
• Ilse Aichinger, writer (Jewish mother)
• Peter Altenberg, writer
• Ernst Angel, writer and psychology
• Vicki Baum, writer
• Hermann Broch, writer
• Max Brod, writer
• Otto Maria Carpeaux, literary critic (converted to Catholicism)
• Erich Fried, poet
• Egon Friedell, historian & writer
• Elfriede Jelinek, author, Nobel Prize (2004) (Jewish father)
• Franz Kafka, writer, (Bohemian born)
• Leopold Kompert, writer
• Karl Kraus, author^[10]
• Heinrich Landesmann, poet
• Robert Menasse, writer
• Frederic Morton, writer
• Alfred Polgar, poet & essayist
• Leo Perutz, writer
• Joseph Roth, writer (converted to Catholicism)
• Felix Salten, Hungarian-born Austrian writer^{[11][12][13][14]}
• Otto Soyka, writer
• Franz Werfel, playwright
• Hugo Sonnenschein, Bohemian-born writer [16]
• Arthur Schnitzler, writer
• Manès Sperber, writer, philosopher
• Friedrich Torberg, writer
• Schlomo Winninger, biographer (born in Austrian Bukovina, lived in Vienna)
• Stefan Zweig, writer

[edit] Sport figures

• SC Hakoah Wien, Jewish football (soccer) club (Austrian champions in 1925)
• SC Maccabi Wien, Jewish football (soccer) club.
• Richard Bergmann, world table tennis champion (4 singles titles)
• Judith Deutsch, champion freestyle swimmer
• Otto Herschmann, Olympic medalist in swimming & fencing
• Hugo Meisl, Austrian soccer manager
• Paul Neumann, swimmer & first Austrian Olympic champion
• Ellen Preis, Olympic fencing champion (half Jewish)
• Carl Schlechter, chess grandmaster
• Rudolf Spielmann, chess grandmaster

[edit] Miscellaneous

• Alfred Edersheim, Bible scholar ^[15]
• Eduard Glaser, Arabist explorer
• Robert Kronfeld, gliding pioneer
• Wilhelm Jerusalem, rabbi
• Hermann Wassertrilling, rabbi
• Isaak Löw Hofmann, Edler von Hofmannsthal, merchant ^[16]
• Rixi Markus, contract bridge player (born in Austrian Bukovina, lived in Vienna)
• Marcel Prawy, opera guru
• Jakob Rosenfeld, Chinese doctor & general
• Chaim Sheba, Israeli physician (born in Austrian Bukovina, lived in Vienna)
• Hedi Stadlen musicologist, philosopher and British/Sri Lankan Communist.
• Moritz Steinschneider, Bibliographer and Orientalist^[17]
• George Weidenfeld, publisher [17]

[edit] Others

• Elsa Bernstein, an Austrian-German writer, dramatist
• the House of Porges
  • Heinrich Porges, a Czech-Austrian German choirmaster and music-critic
• the House of Henikstein
• the House of Todesco
• the House of Gomperz
• the House of Eskeles
• the House of Wartenegg von Wertheimstein

• Jean Améry, an ethnic Jew, noted for having written one of the central texts on the Nazi death camps
• Viktor Aptowitzer (July 16, 1871, Tarnopol, Galizien, - December 5, 1942, Jerusalem), Jewish theologian, Talmudist;[18] "two Austrian Jewish scholars - Samuel Krauss and Viktor Aptowitzer"
• Rudolf Auspitz (July 7, 1837, Vienna - March 8, 1906, Vienna), Austrian politician, entrepreneur (Unternehmer) [19]
• Friedrich Austerlitz (April 25, 1862, Hochlieben, Bohemia - July 5, 1931, Vienna), Austrian journalist, politician
• Joseph Samuel Bloch (November 20, 1850, Dukla, Galizien - October 1, 1923, Vienna), Austrian publicist, politician [20]
• Ludo Moritz Hartmann, Austrian Jewish historian and statesman [21] " two lay Jews Ludo Moritz Hartmann"
• Paul Hatvani, exactly Paul Hirsch (August 16, 1892, Vienna - November 9, 1975, Kew, near Melbourne), Austrian Jewish writer, chemist [22] "Paul Hatvani, a German Jewish refugee"

[edit] Footnotes

[edit] See also

• List of Austrians
• List of Czech, Bohemian, Moravian and Slovak Jews
• List of Germans
• List of German Jews
• List of Galician Jews
• List of Jews