List of German Jews
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The Jewish presence in Germany is almost as old as Christianity. A "Golden Age" in the first millennium saw the emergence of the Ashkenazi Jews, while the persecution and expulsion that followed the Crusades led to the creation of Yiddish and an overall shift eastwards. A change of status in the late Renaissance Era, combined with the Jewish Enlightenment – the Haskalah, meant that by the 1920s Germany had one of the most integrated Jewish populations in Europe, contributing prominently to German culture and society. The vast majority either left the country or were murdered in the Holocaust. The current German Jewish population consists primarily of immigrants from the former Soviet Union who claim to be jewish, however, the better economic situation in Germany, coupled with the easy citizenship process for Jewish people immigrating to Germany, make it hard to determine the number of these people who are actually Jewish.
The following is a list of some famous Jewish people (by religion or descent) from Germany proper. For other German Jews, see List of Austrian Jews and List of West European Jews. Also note that the idea of German nationality is rather broad, due to the many Germanic tribes, Jewish assimilation into Germany, and separate German ruled states through the history of Europe. Therefore, the same set of people could at times be referred to as Germans, Jews, or German Jews alike.
Contents |
[edit] Historical figures
[edit] Politicians
- Fischel Arnheim, politician[3]
- Egon Bahr, member of the SPD (part Jewish)[4]
- Ludwig Bamberger, politician[ [5]
- Daniel Cohn-Bendit, member of European Parliament, student leader in 1968[6]
- Wilhelm Dröscher, SPD politician (half-Jewish)[7]
- Kurt Eisner, Bavarian prime minister[8]
- Heinrich von Friedberg, jurist, statesman (converted to Christianity) [9]
- Karl Rudolf Friedenthal, Prussian politician [10]
- Clement Freud, German-born British MP[11]
- Klaus Gysi, communist politician, East German minister of culture [12]
- Hildegard Hamm-Brücher, former member of the "Bundestag" (FDP) [13]
- Alex Himelfarb, ambassador[14]
- Henry Kissinger, US Secretary of State, Nobel Prize (1973)[15]
- Ludwig Landmann, mayor of Frankfurt/Main[16]
- Eduard Lasker, co-founder of the National Liberal Party[1]
- Eugen Levine, Bavarian prime minister[17]
- Jutta Oesterle-Schwerin, Member of parlament, Green party, Feminist party[2]
- Eduard von Simson, President of the Reichstag, President of the Reichsgericht[18]
- Hugo Preuss, author of Weimar constitution[19]
- Walter Rathenau, Chancellor and foreign minister of the Weimar Republic[3]
- Herbert Weichmann, mayor of Hamburg[20]
- Jeanette Wolff, West Berlin politician[21]
- Walter Wolfgang, German-born politician[22]
[edit] Activists
- Hedwig Dohm-Schleh, feminist, author[23]
- Nahum Goldmann, president of World Jewish Congress[24]
- Josel of Rosheim, court Jew & Jewish advocate[4]
- Paul Spiegel, leader of the Zentralrat der Juden[25]
[edit] Religious figures
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[edit] Rabbis
- Felix Adler
- Hermann Adler
- Nathan Marcus Adler
- Samuel Adler (rabbi)
- Amnon of Mainz (Amnon of Mayence, Mentz), medieval rabbi, paytan
- Yair Bacharach
- Leo Baeck, Reform rabbi & scholar
- Jacob ben Asher, medieval rabbi (German-born?)
- Isaac ben Jacob Bernays/Isaac Bernays (27 November, 1792 Weisenau (now Mainz), - 1 May, 1849, Hamburg), Jewish theologian
- Jakob Bernays (11 September, 1824 Hamburg - 26 May, 1881 Bonn), classical philologist (Klassischer Philologe), Judaist, philosophy historian (philosopheriehistoriker)
- Carlebach family
- Mordecai ben Hillel
- Asher ben Jehiel, medieval rabbi and Talmudist, father of Jacob ben Asher
- Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi
- Gershom ben Judah
- Julius Landsberger, rabbi [de]
- Yehuda ben Meir
- Eliezer ben Nathan, medieval rabbi
- Yaakov ben Yakar
- Wolf Breidenbach
- Israel Bruna (born at Bruenn)
- Yosef Burg
- David Einhorn, Reform rabbi
- Jacob Emden
- Ettlinger pedigree
- David Fränkel
- Hugo Chanoch Fuchs
- Abraham Geiger, Reform rabbi
- Jakob Guttmann (rabbi)
- Julius Guttmann
- Isaak (Yitzhak) Heinemann (1876, Frankfurt-am-Main - 1957, Jerusalem), Judaist
- Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller
- Susannah Heschel
- Samson Raphael Hirsch, Orthodox rabbi
- Samuel Holdheim, Reform rabbi
- Walter Homolka
- Israel Isserlin
- Regina Jonas, Reform rabbanith
- Kaufmann Kohler, Reform rabbi
- Pinchas Lapide
- Isaac Leeser, rabbi and Bible translator
- Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin
- Gunther Plaut
- Petachiah of Ratisbon, medieval rabbi, traveller
- Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg
- Elazar Rokeach
- Meir of Rothenburg
- Shimon Schwab
- Moses Sofer
- Moritz Spanier (1853-1938), Jewish theologian
- Hermann Tietz (rabbi) (born on Posen district)
- Abraham of Worms
[edit] Scholars
- Hugo Bergmann (born in Prague)
- Max Bodenheimer
- David Cassel
- Immanuel Oscar Menahem Deutsch (1829-1873), Semitic scholar and orientalist [5]
- Ismar Elbogen
- Emil Ludwig Fackenheim
- Jonas Fränkel
- Heinrich Graetz, Jewish historian (born in Posen)
- Manuel Joël, Jewish philosopher
- Isaak Markus Jost, Jewish historian
- Marcus Kalisch, Biblical scholar
- Jakob Klatzkin
- Arthur Liebert [26]
- Israel Lewy
- Moses Mendelssohn, Jewish Enlightenment philosopher
- David Rosin
- Gershom Scholem, Jewish scholar & historian
- Ernst Simon
- Friedrich Weinreb (born in Lemberg)
- Benedict Zuckermann
- Leopold Zunz, Jewish scholar
[edit] Other
- Michael Solomon Alexander, first Anglican bishop of Jerusalem (born Jewish; see British Dictionary of National Biography)
- Abraham of Augsburg, a Christian German proselyte
- Ridley Haim Herschell, missionary [6]
- Ayya Khema, Buddhist teacher (born Jewish)
- Adolf Lasson
- Johannes Pfefferkorn, antisemitic controversialist (born Jewish)
- Friedrich Adolf Philippi
- Johann Peter Spaeth (Moses Germanus Ashkenazi), a Christian German proselyte
- Edith Stein, canonized nun, Holocaust victim (born Jewish)
- Joseph Wolff, missionary [7]
[edit] Scientific Figures
[edit] Natural Scientists
- Adolf von Baeyer, industrial chemist, Nobel Prize (1905) (Jewish mother)[27]
- Norbert Berkowitz, physicist[28]
- Sir Hans Bethe, nuclear physics, Nobel Prize (1967)[29]
- Max Born, quantum mechanics, Nobel Prize (1954)[30]
- Heinrich Caro, industrial chemist[31]
- Nikodem Caro, industrial chemist[32]
- Albert Einstein, theoretical physics, Nobel Prize (1921)[33]
- Erwin Finlay-Freundlich, astronomer[34]
- James Franck, quantum physics, Nobel Prize (1925)[35]
- Adolph Frank, industrial chemist[36]
- Herbert Fröhlich, physicist[37]
- Eugen Glueckauf, chemist, expert on atomic energy[38]
- Hans Goldschmidt, industrial chemist[39]
- Fritz Haber, developed the Haber process, Nobel Prize (1918)[40]
- Walter Heitler, chemist [41]
- Heinrich Hertz, physicist (Jewish father)[42]
- Arthur Korn, physicist[43]
- Ernst Ising, statistical mechanics[44]
- Albert Ladenburg, chemist[8]
- Fritz London, quantum mechanics[9]
- Leonard Mandel, quantum optics[45]
- Kurt Mendelssohn, German-born British medical physicist [10]
- Viktor Meyer, organic chemist[46]
- Leonor Michaelis, biochemist[47]
- Albert Michelson, measured speed of light, Nobel Prize (1907) (Jewish father)[11][48]
- Ludwig Mond, chemist & industrialist[49]
- Sir Rudolf Peierls, solid state theory[50]
- Arno Penzias, co-discoverer of CMB, Nobel Prize (1978)[51]
- Alfred Philippson, geologist [52]
- John Charles Polanyi, chemist, Nobel Prize (born Berlin) [53]
- Ernst Pringsheim, spectrometry, black-body radiation[54]
- Michael Rossmann, physicist and microbiologist (Jewish mother)[55]; [56]
- Rudolf Schoenheimer, biochemist[57]
- Arthur Schuster, spectroscopist[58]
- Karl Schwarzschild, physicist & astronomer[59]
- Franz Simon, physicist, separation of Uranium 235[12]
- Jack Steinberger, particle physics, Nobel Prize (1988)[60]
- Otto Stern, experimental physicist, Nobel Prize (1943)[61]
- Otto Wallach, chemist, Nobel Prize (1910) [13]
- Richard Willstätter, chemist, Nobel Prize (1915)[62]
[edit] Physicians and Medical Researchers
- Adolph Baginsky, pediatrician, diphtheria researcher[63]
- Alfred Bielschowsky, ophthalmologist[64]
- Max Bielschowsky, neuropathologist[65]
- Konrad Bloch, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1964)[66]
- Marcus Elieser Bloch, physician[67]
- Gustav Born, professor of pharmacology[68]
- Edith Bulbring, Professor of pharmacy (Jewish mother)[69]
- Sir Ernst Chain, developed penicillin, Nobel Prize (1945)[70]
- Ferdinand Cohn, pioneer in microbiology[71]
- Julius Friedrich Cohnheim, pathologist[14]
- Julius Dreschfeld, physician [15]
- Paul Ehrlich, developed magic bullet concept, Nobel Prize (1908)[72]
- Arthur Eichengrün, possible inventor of aspirin[73]
- Wilhelm Feldberg, biologist[74]
- Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat, biochemist[75]
- Hermann Friedberg, physician[16]
- Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch, geneticist[76]
- Ernst Gräfenberg, obstetrician, the G-spot[77]
- Martin Gumpert, physician, writer[78]
- Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, physician[79]
- Sir Bernard Katz, biophysicist, Nobel Prize (1970)[80]
- Hans Kornberg, biochemist researcher[81]
- Hans Kosterlitz, discovered endorphins[82]
- Sir Hans Adolf Krebs, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1953)[83]
- Fritz Lipmann, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1953)[84]
- Jacques Loeb, physiologist[85]
- Otto Loewi, pharmacologist, Nobel Prize (1936)[86]
- Elisabeth Mann, biologist (Jewish mother)[87]
- Otto Meyerhof, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1922) (Jewish father)[88]
- Oskar Minkowski, physiologist[89]
- Albert Neisser, physician, discovered the cause of gonorrhea (Jewish father)[90]
- Emin Pasha, physician, naturalist, explorer[91]
- Nathanael Pringsheim, botanist[92]
- Ottomar Rosenbach, physician[17]
- Moritz Traube, biochemist[93]
- Otto Warburg, physiologist, Nobel Prize (1931) (Jewish father)[94]
- Karl Weigert, pathologist[95]
[edit] Mathematicians
- Felix Bernstein, set theory[96]
- Maurice Block, statistician [97]
- Richard Brauer, modular representation theory[98]
- Georg Cantor, set theorist (Jewish father) [18]
- Moritz Cantor, historian of mathematics[19]
- Richard Courant, mathematical analysis & applied mathematics[99]
- Max Dehn, topology[100]
- Paul Epstein, number theory[101]
- Adolf Fraenkel, set theory[102]
- Hans Freudenthal, algebraic topology[103]
- Alexander Grothendieck, algebraic geometry, Fields Medal (1966) (Mother possibly Lutheran)[104]
- Felix Hausdorff, topology[105]
- Heinz Hopf, topology (Jewish father)[106]
- Adolf Hurwitz, mathematician[107]
- Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi, analysis[108]
- Leopold Kronecker, number theory[109]
- Edmund Landau, number theory[110]
- Rudolf Lipschitz, mathematician[111]
- Kurt Mahler, mathematician[112]
- Hermann Minkowski, geometrical theory of numbers[20]
- Claus Moser, Statistician [113]
- Leonard Nelson, mathematician, philosopher[114]
- Bernhard Neumann, mathematician[115]
- Emmy Noether, algebra & theoretical physics[116]
- Alfred Pringsheim, analysis, theory of functions[117]
- Richard Rado, combinatorics[118]
- Abraham Robinson, nonstandard analysis[119]
- Klaus Roth, diophantine approximation, Fields Medal (1958)[120]
- Arthur Moritz Schönflies, mathematician[121]
- Issai Schur, mathematician[122]
- Otto Toeplitz, linear algebra & functional analysis[123]
[edit] Technical Scientists
- Ralph Baer, inventor of the games console[124]
- Emile Berliner, inventor of the gramophone[125]
- Julius Edgar Lilienfeld, electrical engineer[126]
- Siegfried Marcus, automobile pioneer[127]
- Michael O. Rabin, computer algorithms, Turing Award (1976)[128]
- Joseph Weizenbaum, AI critic, ELIZA[129]
[edit] Psychologists
- Karl Abraham, psychoanalyst[130]
- Rudolf Arnheim, perception theorist[131]
- Erik Erikson, developmental psychologist (Jewish mother)[132]
- Erich Fromm, psychologist & humanistic philosopher[133]
- Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, psychoanalyst[134]
- Kurt Goldstein, Gestalt-influenced neurologist[135]
- Magnus Hirschfeld, sexologist[136]
- Kurt Koffka, Gestalt psychologist[137]
- Kurt Lewin, social psychologist[138]
- Hugo Münsterberg, industrial psychologist[139]
- Ulric Neisser, cognitive psychologist (Jewish father)[21]
- Erich Neumann, analytical psychologist[140]
- Fritz Perls, psychotherapist[141]
- Otto Selz, cognitive psychologist[142]
- William Stern, the Intelligence Quotient[143]
- Max Wertheimer, Gestalt psychologist[144]
[edit] Academic figures
[edit] Philosophers
- Theodor Adorno, philosopher (Jewish father)[145]
- Ernst Bloch, philosopher[146]
- Constantin Brunner, philosopher[147]
- Ernst Cassirer, philosopher[148]
- Hermann Cohen, philosopher[149]
- Friedrich Dessauer, philosopher[150]
- Max Dessoir, philosopher[151]
- Julius Frauenstädt, philosopher [152]
- Kurt Grelling, philosopher[153]
- Richard Hönigswald (Jewish father)[154]
- Max Horkheimer, philosopher & sociologist[155]
- Edmund Husserl, philosopher (converted to Christianity)[156]
- Hans Jonas, philosopher[157]
- Horace Kallen, philosopher[158]
- Adolf Lasson, philosopher[22]
- Theodor Lessing, philosopher, writer[159]
- Karl Löwith, philosopher[160]
- Salomon Maimon, philosopher[161]
- Fritz Mauthner, author & philosopher[162]
- Moses Mendelssohn, philosopher, scholar[163]
- Helmuth Plessner, philosopher (Jewish father)[164]
- Hans Reichenbach, philosopher (Jewish father)[165]
- Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy, philosopher (Jewish father)[166]
- Max Scheler, philosopher (Jewish mother)[23]
- Kurt Sternberg, philosopher [24]
- Richard Rudolf Walzer, philosopher (Jewish Year Book 1975 p214)
[edit] Economists
- Richard Ehrenberg, economist [167]
- Ludwig Lachmann, economist[25]
- Robert Liefmann, economist[168]
- Adolph Lowe, economist[169]
- Rosa Luxemburg, economist, co-founder of the KPD[170]
- Fritz Naphtali, economist, editor, later Israeli finance minister[26]
- Sigbert Prais, economist (JYB 2005 p215)
- Reinhard Selten, economist, Nobel Prize (1994) (Jewish father)[171]
- Hans Singer, economist[27]
[edit] Social Scientists
- Reinhard Bendix, sociologist[172]
- Eduard Bernstein, founder of evolutionary socialism[173]
- Franz Boas, cultural anthropologist[174]
- Lewis A. Coser, sociologist[175]
- Norbert Elias, sociologist[176]
- Amitai Etzioni, sociologist[177]
- Shelomo Dov Goitein, Arabist[178]
- Moses Hess, socialist[179]
- Eugene Kamenka, sociologist[180]
- Siegfried Kracauer, sociologist & film critic[181]
- Ferdinand Lassalle, founder of first German worker's party[182]
- Karl Mannheim, sociologist[183]
- Herbert Marcuse, sociologist, New Left figurehead[184]
- Karl Marx, founder of communism (parents converted to Protestantism)[185]
- Franz Oppenheimer, sociologist & economist[186]
- Leo Loewenthal, sociologist[187]
- Georg Simmel, sociologist[188]
- Georg Steindorff, egyptiologist (Jewish father)[189]
- Jacob Taubes, theologist[190]
- Louis Wirth, sociologist[191]
[edit] Historians
- Victor Ehrenberg (historian), historian[28]
- Geoffrey Rudolph Elton (son of Wictor Ehrenberg) [192]
- Richard Ettinghausen, art historian[193]
- Henry Friedlander, historian[194]
- Saul Friedlander, historian[28]
- Peter Gay, history[28]
- George W. F. Hallgarten, historian [195]
- Richard Krautheimer, historian[196]
- Arno Lustiger, historian[197]
- Lothar Machtan[citation needed]
- Golo Mann, historian[198]
- George Mosse, historian[28]
- Ludwig Riess, historian[28]
- Hans Rothfels, historian[199]
- Fritz Stern, historian[200]
- Michael Wolffsohn, historian [201]
[edit] Jurists
- Hannah Arendt, political theorist[202]
- Jacob Friedrich Behrend, jurist[29]
- David Daube, Professor of Law[203]
- Heinrich Dernburg, jurist[204]
- Victor Ehrenberg, jurist[30]
- Hugo Haase, jurist[205]
- Sir Otto Kahn-Freund, Professor of Law[31]
- Hermann Kantorowicz, jurist[206]
- Walter Kaskel, jurist[207]
- Paul Laband, jurist, b. Breslau [32]
- Otto Lenel, jurist[208]
- Franz Neumann, legal theorist[209]
- Arthur Nussbaum, jurist[210]
- Joseph Süss Oppenheimer, financial planner & court Jew[33]
- Gabriel Riesser, deputy speaker of Frankfurt Assembly in 1848, first Jewish judge in Hamburg[211]
- Rudolf Schlesinger, jurist[212]
- Georg Schwarzenberger, jurist [213]
- Hugo Sinzheimer, legal scholar[214]
- Sigmund Zeisler, jurist[215]
[edit] Linguists
- Theodor Benfey, linguist (Jewish father)[216]
- Eduard Fraenkel, philologist [34]
- Wilhelm Freund, philologist [217]
- Julius Fürst, orientalist[218]
- Theodor Goldstücker, linguist[219]
- Moshe Goshen-Gottstein, linguist [35]
- Victor Klemperer, linguist & diarist[220]
- Siegbert Salomon Prawer, Professor of German [36]
- Chaim Menachem Rabin, linguist [37]
- Edward Sapir, anthropologist-linguist[221]
- Ernest Simon, professor of Chinese[38]
- Heymann Steinthal, linguist[222]
[edit] Educationalists
- Lewis Elton, educationalist [223]
- Kurt Hahn [39], educationalist
[edit] Cultural figures
[edit] Showbusiness
- Hugo Egon Balder, comedian, producer (Jewish mother)[224],
- Ludwig Berger, director[225]
- Lotte Berk, dancer and health guru [40]
- Kurt Bernhardt, director[41]
- Artur Brauner, film producer[226]
- Friedrich Dalsheim, director [227]
- Michael Degen, actor[228]
- Ernst Dohm, actor, editor[229]
- Hedwig Dohm-Pringsheim, actress[230]
- E.A. Dupont, director [231]
- John Friedman, actor, comedian (aka Erkan Maria Moosleitner)[232]
- Michel Friedman, TV personality[233]
- Kurt Gerron, stage actor & film director[234]
- Dora Gerson, actress, cabaret singer[235]
- Therese Giehse, actress Pepermill[236]
- Lou Jacobs, clown[237]
- Carl Laemmle, film producer[238]
- Dani Levy, film maker, theatrical director and actor[239]
- Ernst Lubitsch, director[240]
- Inge Meysel, actress (Jewish father)[241]
- Richard Oswald, director[242]
- Lilli Palmer, actress[243]
- Marcel Reif, presenter (Jewish father)[244]
- Hans Rosenthal, one of Germany's most popular TV personalities in history[245]
- Susan Sideropoulos, actress [246]
- Robert Siodmak, director[247]
- Ruth Westheimer, sex therapist[248]
- Konrad Wolf, film director[42]
- Peter Zadek, theatre director[43]
[edit] Musicians
- Samuel Adler, composer[249]
- Haim Alexander, composer[250]
- Tzvi Avni, composer[251]
- Paul Ben-Haim, composer[252]
- Julius Benedict, composer [253]
- Wolf Biermann, singer/songwriter (Jewish father)[254]
- Yehezkel Braun, Israeli composer[255]
- Ignaz Brull, composer
- Manfred Bukofzer, musicologist[256]
- Paul Dessau, composer [44]
- Abel Ehrlich, Israeli composer[257]
- Alfred Einstein, musicologist[45]
- Hanns Eisler, German-born composer (Jewish father)[258]
- Lukas Foss, composer & conductor[259]
- Alexander Goehr, composer [46]
- Walter Goehr, conductor[260]
- Berthold Goldschmidt, composer [47]
- Bernard Greenhouse, cellist[261]
- George Henschel, singer & conductor[262]
- Alfred Hertz, conductor[263]
- André Herzberg, musician (Pankow (German band)) [264]
- Friedrich Holländer, composer[265]
- Salomon Jadassohn, composer[266]
- Leon Jessel, composer[267]
- Robert Kahn, composer[268]
- Otto Klemperer, conductor[269]
- Robert Lachmann, musicologist[270]
- Hermann Levi, conductor[48]
- Alfred Lion & Frank Wulff, founders of Blue Note Records[271]
- Edward Lowinsky, musicologist[49]
- Michael Mann, musician (Jewish mother)[272]
- Arnold Mendelssohn, organist[273]
- Felix Mendelssohn, composer & conductor (Jewish ancestry but raised Lutheran)[274]
- Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, composer[275]
- Giacomo Meyerbeer, composer[50]
- Ben-Zion Orgad, Israeli composer[276]
- Menahem Pressler, pianist[277]
- André Previn, conductor[278]
- Franz Reizenstein, pianist, composer[279]
- Curt Sachs, musicologist, co-founder of modern organology[280]
- Kurt Sanderling, conductor[281]
- Adolf Martin Schlesinger, music publisher [282]
- Heinrich Sontheim, tenor [283]
- William Steinberg, conductor[284]
- Erich Walter Sternberg, composer[51]
- Josef Tal, composer[285]
- Ilia Trilling, synagogue composer[286]
- Ignatz Waghalter, composer & conductor[287]
- Bruno Walter, conductor (Jewish father)[288]
- Franz Waxman, film composer[289]
- Kurt Weill, composer[290]
- Stefan Wolpe, composer[291]
- Alec Empire, member of Atari Teenage Riot[292]
- Hilde Zadek, soprano[293]
[edit] Artists
- Anni Albers, textile designer[294]
- Frank Auerbach, painter[295]
- Eduard Bendemann, painter[52]
- Martin Bloch, British painter[296]
- Erwin Blumenfeld, photographer[297]
- Alfred Eisenstaedt, photographer[298]
- Benno Elkan, sculptor [53]
- James Ingo Freed, architect[299]
- Lucian Freud, painter[300]
- Gisèle Freund, photographer[301]
- Eva Hesse, materials artist[302]
- Erich Kahn, painter, expressionist[303]
- Eugen Kaufmann, architect[304]
- Max Liebermann, painter[305]
- Wilhelm Löwith, artist[306]
- Peter Max, pop artist[307]
- Ludwig Meidner, painter[308]
- Erich Mendelsohn, architect[309]
- Helmut Newton, photographer (Jewish father)[310]
- Felix Nussbaum, painter[311]
- Meret Oppenheim, surrealist[312]
- Erwin Panofsky, art historian[313]
- Hans Schleger, designer[314]
- Charlotte Salomon, artist[315]
- Erich Salomon, news photographer[316]
- Victor Weisz, Vicky, cartoonist[54]
[edit] Writers
- Erich Auerbach, literature critic[317]
- Julius Bab, dramatist and theater critic [55]
- Jurek Becker, writer[318]
- Maxim Biller, writer[319]
- Ludwig Börne, satirist[320]
- Otto Brahm, literary critic[321]
- Henryk Broder, journalist[322]
- Walter Benjamin, literary critic & philosopher[323]
- Emil Carlebach, writer, dissident[324]
- Joseph Derenbourg, orientalist, father of Hartwig Derenbourg[325]
- Hilde Domin, poet[326]
- Lion Feuchtwanger, novelist[327]
- Hubert Fichte, author (Jewish father)[328]
- Anne Frank, diarist[329]
- Friedrich Gundolf, literary man[330]
- Glückel of Hameln, 18th-century Yiddish diarist[331]
- Maximilian Harden, journalists[332]
- Heinrich Heine, poet (Jewish father)[56]
- Stefan Heym, novelist, politician[333]
- Wolfgang Hildesheimer[334]
- Edgar Hilsenrath, novelist[335]
- Barbara Honigmann, writer[336]
- Heinrich Eduard Jacob, writer and journalist[57]
- Siegfried Jacobsohn, journalist and theater critic[337]
- Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, novelist and screenwriter[338]
- Wladimir Kaminer, short story writer[339]
- Judith Kerr, children's writer[340]
- Victor Klemperer, writer[58]
- Else Lasker-Schüler, writer, poet & artist[341]
- Gila Lustiger, author[342]
- Erika Mann, writer, actress (Jewish mother)[343]
- Klaus Mann, writer (Jewish mother)[344]
- Monika Mann, writer (Jewish mother)[345]
- Julius Mosen, born Moses [346]
- Erich Mühsam, anarchist poet[347]
- Henning Pawel, child-book author, writer.[348]
- Solomon Perel, author[349]
- Alan Posener, chief columnist of Welt am Sonntag (Jewish father)
- Marcel Reich-Ranicki, literary critic[59]
- H. A. Rey & Margret Rey, creators of Curious George[350]
- Renate Rubinstein (Jewish father)[351]
- Nelly Sachs, poet, Nobel Prize (1966)[352]
- Moriz Seeler, poet[60]
- Anna Seghers, novelist[353]
- Oskar Seidlin, writer [354]
- Rafael Seligmann, writer[355]
- Süßkind von Trimberg, middle age writer, minnesinger[356]
- Kurt Tucholsky, writer (converted to Protestantism)[357]
- Samuel Ullman, poet [358]
- Rahel Varnhagen, writer and saloniste (converted to Christianity)[61]
- Moritz Callmann Wahl[62]
- Jakob Wassermann, novelist[359]
- Jeanette Wohl[360]
- Friedrich Wolf, writer, physician[361]
- Carl Zuckmayer, playwright (Jewish mother)[362]
- Arnold Zweig, writer[363]
- Stefanie Zweig, novelist[364]
[edit] Entrepreneurs
- See also Court Jews
 |
Please help improve this article or section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. This article has been tagged since March 2007. |
- Albert Ballin, cruise ship entrepreneur
- Alfred Beit, financier (British Dictionary of National Biography)
- August Belmont
- August Belmont II
- Gottfried Bermann
- Gerson von Bleichröder, financier, advisor of Bismarck
- Buchsbaum family
- Sir Ernest Cassel, banker [63]
- Otto Frank, ran pectin-related small business, but most famous as father of Anne Frank
- Friedenthal family
- Markus Bär Friedenthal, banker, scholar
- Fürst family, court Jews in Hamburg
- Moses Israel Fürst financier and merchant
- Chajim Fürst, financier and head of the Jewish community
- Marcus Goldman, founder of Goldman Sachs in America
- Eduard Gümbel
- Charles Hallgarten
- Karl Amson Joel (not philosopher Karl Joel (philosopher)), textile merchant & manufacturer, the greatfather of Alexander Joel and Billy Joel
- Otto Hermann Kahn
- Sir Robert Mayer, German-born businessman and philanthropist [[365]
- Mosse family
- Rudolf Mosse and family, newspaper magnates
- Oppenheimer family
- Ernest Oppenheimer, diamond tycoon
- Emil Rathenau, founder of AEG, father of Walter Rathenau
- Paul Reuter, founder of Reuters
- Rothschild banking family of Germany
- Mayer Amschel Rothschild and family, financiers & bankers
- Seligman family
- Joseph Seligman, banker & US civil war financier
- Schocken family
- Salman Schocken (born at Posen district)
- Jacob Schiff (Jacob H. Schiff), railroad financier
- Max Stern
- Levi Strauss, clothing manufacturer
- Straus family
- Isidor Straus owner of Macy's department store & RMS Titanic victim
- Leonard, Oscar & Hermann Tietz, founders of Kaufhof & Hertie department stores
- Oscar Troplowitz, pharmacist, entrepreneur Beiersdorf, developer of Nivea and other household products
- Warburg family
- Siegmund Warburg, banker
- Georg Wertheim, founder of Wertheim department stores
- Emil Jellinek, born in Leipzig. He was a wealthy entrepreneur down the French Riviera, coining Mercedes trademark --which became Mercedes Benz nowadays--. He was Austro-Hungarian diplomat also --residing in Vienna--.
- Adolf Silverberg [de]
- Itzig family
- Alois Dessauer
- Mannheimer pedigree
- Fritz Mannheimer
- Max Mannheimer
- Victor Mannheimer (-1928), brother of Fritz
- Warburg family
- Felix Warburg
- Max Warburg
- Paul Warburg
- Stef Wertheimer [366] "77 year old German-born Stef Wertheimer"
- Hugo Reiss
- Marie Annette Reiss / Jane Engelhard (Jewish father)
- Oppenheim pedigree and-banking family; founders of Sal. Oppenheim
- Abraham Oppenheim
- Alfred Freiherr von Oppenheim
- Abraham Kuhn and Solomon Loeb, founders of Kuhn, Loeb & Co.
- Loeb pedigree
- Maurice Loeb
- Solomon Loeb
- Gustav Wilhelm Wolff, founder of Harland and Wolff[367]
- Markus Wolf, East German spymaster (Jewish father)
[edit] Sports
- Rudi Ball, hockey player[368]
- Boris Becker, tennis player (Jewish mother)[369]
- Gretel Bergmann, high jumper[370]
- Hans Berliner, world postal chess champion[371]
- Barney Dreyfuss, co-founder of the World Series[372]
- Gottfried Fuchs, soccer player[373]
- Ludwig Guttmann, founder of the Paralympics[374]
- Bernhard Horwitz, chess player[375]
- Emanuel Lasker, world chess champion[376]
- Helene Mayer, fencer (Jewish father)[377]
- Sarah Poewe, swimmer (Jewish mother)[378]
- Daniel Prenn, tennis player[379]
- Siegbert Tarrasch, chess player[380]
[edit] Literature
- Walter Tetzlaff, ed. "2000 Kurzbiographien bedeutender deutscher Juden des 20. Jahrhunderts" (Lindhorst: Askania, 1982).
[edit] See also
- History of the Jews in Germany
- List of Austrians
- List of Austrian Jews
- List of Ashkenazi Jews
- List of Czech, Bohemian, Moravian and Slovak Jews
- List of Germans
- List of Galician Jews
- Lists of Jews
[edit] References
- ^ Eduard Lasker: Ein Leben für den Rechtsstaat by Adolf Laufs, German Studies Review, Vol. 9, No. 3. (Oct., 1986), pp. 651-652
- ^ Germany's Greens and Israel: "The Theme is too Much" by Diana Johnstone, MERIP Middle East Report, No. 149, Human Rights in the Middle East. (Nov. - Dec., 1987), pp. 44-45
- ^ Walter Rathenau: Industrialist, Banker, Intellectual, and Politician; Notes and Diaries 1907-1922 by Von Strandmann
- ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
- ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1911 ed.]]
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Prussian Poland of Jewish parents"
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born of Jewish parents"
- ^ Dr. Leopold Ladenburg: "Stammtafel der Familie Ladenburg", Verlag J. Ph. Walther, Mannheim 1882
- ^ Fritz London: A Scientific Biography by Kostas Gavroglu
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica 13:492
- ^ The master of light;: A biography of Albert A. Michelson by Dorothy Michelson Livingston, 1973
- ^ (Encyclopaedia Judaica, 14:1578)
- ^ British Jewish Year Book 2005 p.215 (list of Jewish Nobel Prize winners); Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. "Wallach, Otto"; [1]; however Otto Wallach 1847-1931. Chemiker und Nobelpreisträger by Gunther Beer, Pg 11 disagrees
- ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Bavaria of Jewish parents"
- ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
- ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
- ^ [2], but as jinfo notes, "Towards a biography of Georg Cantor by Grattan-Guinness" says that he was not Jewish
- ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
- ^ Contemporary Authors V 162 By Rooney, Scot Peacock, Pg 169
- ^ Encyclopedia Judaica (Keter, Jerusalem, 1972, vol. 12, p. 945)
- ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
- ^ Max Scheler, 1874-1928: An Intellectual Portrait by John Raphael Staude
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica art. Sternberg, Kurt
- ^ Hayek's Challenge: An Intellectual Biography of F. A. Hayek - Pg 145
- ^ Riemer, Yehuda. Fritz Peretz Naphtali, A Social Democrat in Two Worlds. Hassifriya Haziyonit, Jerusalem 1996
- ^ (The Economist, March 11th 2006, p95: "born a Jew")
- ^ a b c d e EJL]
- ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
- ^ Personal Memoirs by Victor Ehrenberg, Privately Published, 1971
- ^ British Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica art. Laband, Paul
- ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "An unbaptized Jew"
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. Goshen-Gottstein, Moshe; "born in Berlin"
- ^ Jewish Year Book 2005 p215
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. Rabin, Chaim Menachem; "born in Giessen, Germany"
- ^ (British Jewish Year Book 1980 p183)
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Berlin of Jewish parents"
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "the only daughter of Jewish parents"
- ^ Patrick McGilligan, Fritz Lang: The Nature of the Beast, St. Martin's Press: New York (1997), page 172
- ^ Remembering History: The Filmmaker Konrad Wolf by Marc Silberman, New German Critique, No. 49, Special Issue on Alexander Kluge. (Winter, 1990), pp. 163-191
- ^ Theatre Reviews: Opposites by Wilhelm Hortmann, Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 4. (Winter, 1982), pp. 513-515
- ^ Fritz Hennenberg: Paul Dessau. Eine Biographie
- ^ Alfred Einstein on Music: Selected Music Criticisms by Catherine Dower
- ^ Jewish Chronicle, July 13 2001 p.25 "two Jewish composers, Alexander Goehr and Robert Saxton"
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "His was a cultured, musical Jewish family"
- ^ "Hermann Levi's shame and Parsifal's guilt" by Laurence Dreyfus
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica art. Lowinsky, Edward
- ^ Giacomo Meyerbeer, 1791-1864 by Martin Cooper
- ^ Music in the Jewish Community of Palestine 1880-1948: A Social History by Jehoash Hirshberg
- ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born at Dortmund of Jewish parentage"
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Germany of Hungarian Jewish parents"
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica art. Bab, Julius
- ^ Heinrich Heine, "Blackhguard" and "Apostate" a Study of the Earliest Attitude Towards Him by Sol Liptzin
- ^ The Gabriele Killert & Richard Schroetter: Obligation destruction fixes. The forgotten Jewish writer Heinrich Eduard Jacob; in: "new inhabitants of zurich newspaper" (boarding school Expenditure), NR. 78. Zurich, 5./6. April 1997, S. 50.
- ^ The Lesser Evil: The Diaries of Victor Klemperer 1945-1959
- ^ Author of Himself, The ... The Life of Marcel Reich-Ranicki
- ^ memorial plaque reads "Jewish poet"
- ^ Rahel Varnhagen The Life of a Jewish Woman by Hannah Arendt
- ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
- ^ K. Grunwald, ‘Windsor Cassel: the last court Jew’, Yearbook of the Leo Baeck Institute, 14 (1969), 119–61
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