List of monarchs of Naples and Sicily
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The following is a list of monarchs of the Kingdom of Naples and Sicily:
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[edit] Counts of Sicily
Sicily was granted, pending its Christian reconquest, to Robert Guiscard as "duke" in 1059 by Pope Nicholas II. The Guiscard granted it as a county to his brother Roger.
Hauteville Dynasty, 1071–1130
[edit] Kings of Sicily
Roger II received royal investiture from Antipope Anacletus II in 1130 and recognition from Pope Innocent II in 1139. Sicily, which by then comprised not only the island, but also the southern third of the Italian peninsula, rapidly expanded itself to include Malta and the Mahdia, the latter if only briefly.
Hauteville Dynasty, 1130–1198
- 1130–1154 Roger II
- 1154–1166 William I the Bad
- 1166–1189 William II the Good
- 1189–1194 Tancred
- 1194 William III
- 1194–1198 Constance
Constance was married to the Emperor Henry VI and he pressed his claim to the kingdom from William II's death, but only succeeded in displacing his wife's family in 1194.
Hohenstaufen Dynasty, 1194–1266
- 1194–1197 Henry I
- 1198–1250 Frederick I
- 1250–1254 Conrad
- 1254–1258 Conradin (died 1268)
- 1258–1266 Manfred
Conradin continued his claim until his death, but his guardian Manfred seized power in 1258. In 1252, Pope Innocent IV crowned Edmund Crouchback in opposition to Conrad and in 1265 the crown of opposition was granted to Charles of Anjou, who succeeded in dispossessing Manfred in 1266.
[edit] Kings of the Two Sicilies
After 1282, Sicily was divided into Sicily proper (often called Trinacria diplomatically) and the mainland realm centred on Naples. These two kingdoms were reunited only much later.
[edit] Angevin Kings of Naples, 1266–1442
Charles of Anjou conquered Sicily in 1266, but lost the island itself in 1282. Thereafter, his kingdom, with its capital at Naples, is informally called the Kingdom of Naples.
House of Capet-Anjou, 1246 creation
- 1266–1285 Charles I (actual king of Sicily until 1282)
- 1285–1309 Charles II the Lame
- 1309–1343 Robert the Wise
- 1343–1382 Joan I
Joan died without a direct heir and the throne was disputed . . .
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House of Durazzo |
House of Valois-Anjou, 1360 creation |
Louis III took the title Duke of Calabria in 1426 and Joan II recognised him as her heir, he predeceased her, but René inherited his claim. Joan then recognised René as her heir and thus united the two claims.
- 1435–1442 René the Good (died 1480).
René's claim was inherited by either his nephew (Charles IV of Anjou, who died in 1481, leaving his claims to French king Louis XI) or his grandson (René II of Lorraine). The latter's descendants continued to claim the throne of Naples, as did the French kings, down to 1529, and intermittently until 1559. René was deposed by Alfonso V of Aragon, who thus reunited the thrones of Naples and Sicily.
[edit] Aragonese Kings of Sicily, 1282–1409
Peter III of Aragon, of the House of Barcelona, conquered Sicily in 1282 and had himself crowned king in opposition to Charles I. The coexistence of the two kingdoms was eventually confirmed by treaty. To distinguish this kingdom from the Kingdom of Sicily on the mainland, it was often referred to as "Sicily beyond the Lighthouse" or Trinacria.
- 1282–1285 Peter I the Great
- 1285–1295 James I the Just
- 1296–1336 Frederick II (III)
- 1337–1342 Peter II
- 1342–1355 Louis
- 1355–1377 Frederick III the Simple
- 1377–1401 Mary
- 1395–1409 Martin I the Younger
- 1409–1410 Martin II the Humane
[edit] Aragonese Kings of Naples, 1442–1500
- to Spain (1516–1707), then to Austria (1707–1735).
- held by Philip II of Spain from 1554, two years before he succeeded in Spain
[edit] Bourbon Kings of Naples and Sicily, 1735–1806
- Charles VII 1735–1759
- Ferdinand IV (III of Sicily) 1759–1806 (continued to reign in Sicily until 1815, when he was restored in Naples as well)
- Queen Marie Caroline was de-facto ruler 1768–1812
[edit] Bonapartist Kings of Naples, 1806–1815
[edit] Kings of the Two Sicilies, 1815–1860
- Ferdinand I (formerly Ferdinand IV of Naples and III of Sicily) 1815–1825
- Francis I 1825–1830
- Ferdinand II 1830–1859
- Francis II 1859–1860
- In 1860-61 Two Sicilies became part of the newly founded Kingdom of Italy
