Min (linguistics)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Min 閩方言 |
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| Spoken in: | Chinese province of Fujian, Guangdong (around Chaozhou-Swatou and Leizhou peninsula), Hainan, Zhejiang Zhoushan archipelago off Ningbo, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Taiwan & other Chinese communities around the world | |
| Total speakers: | over 70 million | |
| Language family: | Sino-Tibetan Chinese Min |
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| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | zh | |
| ISO 639-2: | chi (B) | zho (T) |
| ISO 639-3: | variously: cdo — Min Dong cpx — Pu-Xian czo — Min Zhong mnp — Min Bei nan — Min Nan |
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| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See IPA chart for English for an English-based pronunciation key. | ||
Min (Chinese: 閩方言; pinyin: Mǐn fāngyán; POJ: Bân hong-giân; BUC: Mìng huŏng-ngiòng) is a general term for a group of dialects of the Chinese language spoken in the southeastern Chinese province of Fujian as well as by migrants from this province in Guangdong (around Chaozhou-Swatou, or Chaoshan area, and the Leizhou peninsula), Hainan, three counties in southern Zhejiang, and Zhoushan archipelago off Ningbo, and Taiwan. There are many Min speakers also among overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia.
Min is typically divided, on the basis of mutual unintelligibility, into Min Bei (northern Min), Min Nan (southern Min), and other sub-groups. Min Bei is centered around the city of Fuzhou, capital of Fujian province (though this variant is also classed by some as Min Dong, Eastern Min), while Min Nan is dominant in most other locations. Qiong Wen, spoken in Hainan, is sometimes classed as a separate sub-group, but often viewed as part of Min Nan. Min Nan is also called by the name of its regional variants in the places it is spoken, especially Taiwanese. Xiamen (Amoy) dialect is the prestige dialect of Min Nan in mainland China, with Teochew also being an important sub-variant.
More complex division is suggested by SIL: Northern Min (Min-Bei, around Jian'ou in Fujian), Central Min (Min-Zhong, around Shaxian, Sanming), Eastern Min (Min-Dong in Fuzhou), Xinghua (in Puxian and Xianyou counties) and Southern Min (Min-Nan, in Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, Xiamen). Southern Min is also spoken by Fujian or Hoklo diaspora in Guangdong, Taiwan, Hainan, etc.
The Southern Min language in Taiwan is known as Hō-ló-oē, in Guangdong as Hoklo, in Hainan as Qiong Wen or Qiongzhou hua (though some class Qiong Wen as a separate sub-group). Min Nan is the dominant Chinese dialect spoken by the Chinese minority in the Philippines, known as Lan-nang. In Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and other areas in Southeast Asia, Minnan is known as Hokkien, in addition to the Teochew variant, originating in the Chaoshan region, which is the ancestral home of many ethnic Chinese in Singapore.
[edit] Writing system
The writing system in Chinese characters is identical to Mandarin, with the addition of some specialized characters, although some Min speakers use the Church Romanization (Chinese: 教會羅馬字; pinyin: Jiaohui Luomazi): for Min Nan the Romanization is called POJ and for Min Dong called BUC, both of which were created by foreign missionaries in the 19th century (these Romanization systems is also used on Min Nan and Min Dong Wikipedia). There are some uncommon publications in mixed writing, combining Chinese characters for Chinese words and Latin alphabet for indigenous words, including those from Taiwanese aborigines.
[edit] External links
- Classification of Min Dialects
- Min Bei Chinese at Ethnologue
- Min Dong Chinese at Ethnologue
- Min Nan Chinese at Ethnologue
- Min Zhong Chinese at Ethnologue
- Pu-Xian Chinese at Ethnologue
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| Traditional categories: | ||||
| Other: | ||||
| Unclassified: | ||||
| Note: The above is only one classification scheme among many. The categories in italics are not universally acknowledged to be independent categories. |
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| Subcategories of Mandarin: | Northeastern | Beijing | Ji-Lu | Jiao-Liao | Zhongyuan | Lan-Yin | Southwestern | Jianghuai | Dungan | |||
| Subcategories of Min: | Min Bei | Min Nan | |||
| Min Dong | Min Zhong | Hainanese | Puxian | | Shaojiang | ||||
| Comprehensive list of Chinese dialects | ||||
| Official spoken varieties: | Standard Mandarin | Standard Cantonese | |||
| Historical phonology: | Old Chinese | Middle Chinese | Proto-Min | Proto-Mandarin | Haner | |||
| Chinese: written varieties | ||||
| Official written varieties: | Classical Chinese | Vernacular Chinese | |||
| Other varieties: | Written Vernacular Cantonese | |||
