Mission, British Columbia

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Mission is a Canadian district municipality, in the province of British Columbia and is situated on the north bank of the Fraser River, overlooking the Fraser Valley. Mission is the twenty-third largest municipality in British Columbia, with a population of 31,272 (2001). Mission was incorporated in 1892 and is 225.78 km² in size. Originally it was two separate incorporations, the District Municipality of Mission and the smaller Town of Mission City; these were amalgamated by plebiscite in 1969.

Contents 1 Geography 2 Government 3 Living 4 People 5 Economy 6 Transportation 7 History 8 Neighbourhoods 9 References 10 External links

[edit] Geography

Unlike the other Fraser Valley municipalities Mission is mostly forested upland with only small floodplains lining the shore of the Fraser River, with some benches of relatively poor-quality farmland rising in succession northwards above the core developed area of the town. What agricultural land there is in Mission was once the heart of the berry industry in the Fraser Valley, but this ended due to the consequences of the great Fraser flood of 1948 which flooded the lowlands; that industry is now largely centred across the river in the neighbouring municipality of Abbotsford.

The municipality is bisected by the lower reaches of the Stave River, which consists mostly of the lakewaters of two hydroelectric reservoirs, Stave Lake and Hayward Lake. Although the vast majority of the population of Mission lives well to the east of the Stave, over 50% of the municipality is west and north of that river. A small portion of the lower Stave still runs free in its last two miles before its confluence with the Fraser at Ruskin, which is on the border with the larger municipality of Maple Ridge to the west. This hydroelectric system was the largest hydroelectric project in southwestern British Columbia until the 1950s and was built by the British Columbia Electric Railway (BCER) to provide power to the electric street railway and interurban system in Vancouver. During the heyday of the communities at Ruskin Dam and Stave Falls Dam, the BCER ran an electric railway down the west side of the river, both for freight and for passenger service, connecting with the CPR at Ruskin. During the construction of Ruskin Dam (completed 1931) the railway was rebuilt at a higher elevation so as to skirt the new Hayward Lake reservoir. The rail line has long been discontinued, but the old grade and its trestles are now part of a recreation trail circling the reservoir.

The eastern boundary of the municipality roughly coincides with the division between the Mission upland and the alluvial floodplain of Hatzic Prairie, which resembles much of the rest of the Fraser Valley Lowland. The unincorporated communities from Hatzic eastwards to Deroche are part of the social and commercial matrix centred on Mission but have never joined the municipality; their local societies are built on dairy, berry and corn farming as well as a large First Nations community at Lakahamen on Nicomen Island.

[edit] Government

The District of Mission uses the current Council-Manager system of local government. The present Mayor and Council, was elected on November 19, 2005. The current mayor is James Atebe, who beat out the other candidate by an astounding 67%. Past Mayor Abe Neufeld has retired from local politics.

[edit] Living

Housing prices in Mission are some of the lowest in the Fraser Valley. Mission also has over 200 acres (0.8 km²) of municipal parks; and a provincial park, Rolley Lake. The city receives an average annual precipitation of 1,631 mm a year (64 inches). An average daytime high of 24°C (75°F) in July, with overnight low of 12°C (54°F). In October daytime highs are averagely 14°C (58°F), with overnight lows of 6°C (44°F). December daytime highs averagely are 5°C (41°F), with overnight lows of 1°C (35°F). April daytime highs are averagely 13°C (56°F), with overnight lows of 5°C (41°F).

[edit] People

Mission has a low volume of new local employment opportunities and a high proportion of residents (nearly 6 out of 10) who commute to work in other locales. The community has a young population, with a median age of 36.4, according to the 2001 Canadian census[1]. Mission's largest religious group is Christianity at 55.1%, of which the largest denomination is Protestant. The second largest religious group is Sikh, comprising 5.1% of the population.

The largest ethnic group is Caucasian, comprising approximately 91.6% of the population. The largest ethnic minority group in Mission are South Asians, primarily Indo-Canadians comprising 5.1% of the population..

Notable former or current residents include: Lead Singer Of Band Faber Drive Dave Faber,Drummer In Faber Drive Ray "Red" Bull,big band era musician Mart Kenney, singer-songwriter and Juno nominee Paul Janz, 1988 Olympic short-track speedskater Eden Donatelli, Canadian 100-metre freestyle record holder and 2004 Olympic swimmer Brent Hayden, 1996 Governor General's Literary Award Nominee poet Crispin Elsted, Torino paralympic alpine skier Brad Lennea, WNBA (Sacramento Monarchs) basketball player Kim Smith, professional basketball player (Powerbasket Wels - Austria) Teresa Kleindienst, 1996 and 2000 Olympic swimmer Shannon Shakespeare, 1984 Vancouver Canucks draft pick Rex Grant, 2005 Chicago Blackhawks draft pick Adam Hobson, the first Canadian-born Buddhist minister Takashi Tsuji, country singer Kenny Hess, national karate champion Shaun Dhillon, and CPGA golfer Andrew Smeeth.

[edit] Economy

Forestry and agriculture are Mission's chief resource sectors and provide the basis for varied related retail and service activities. Over the past few years, transportation improvements have enabled the manufacturing sector to expand beyond sawmilling and food processing.

Forest and wood related industries dominate the manufacturing sector, with an emphasis on redcedar shake and shingle mills. Mission also holds the only municipal tree farm license in British Columbia.

Agriculture is restricted to a narrow belt along the Fraser River, and the unincorporated Dewdney-Deroche district east of Mission contains the majority of the farms in the area. There are about 96 commercial and hobby farms in the area. Dairy is the chief agricultural enterprise; other income sources include poultry, hogs, beef and vegetables.

[edit] Transportation

Mission is served by a regional transit system that connects the District of Mission with the City of Abbotsford. The service is operated by BC Transit, the City of Abbotsford and the District of Mission. Transportation infrastructure includes Abbotsford-Mission Highway 11, and the Lougheed Highway. Mission is also accessible through commuter rail, the "West Coast Express", which runs from Vancouver to Mission.

[edit] History

The Town of Mission City had an interesting beginning as a land promotion, with the town's core commercial properties and residential streets auctioned off at the "Great Land Sale" of 1891, with buyers brought in via the CPR mainline from Vancouver as well as from Eastern Canada. Some of the early houses and commercial buildings were, in fact, specifically designed to be reminiscent of small towns in southern Ontario in order to encourage buyers. Hailed at the time as a new metropolis, the fledgling town's location at the intersection of the Canadian Pacific Railway mainline with a northward extension of the Burlington Northern Railroad brought name suggestions that included East Vancouver and North Seattle. The name Mission City was chosen due to the site's proximity to the historic St. Mary's Mission of the Oblate order just east of town, which was founded in 1868.

At the time of founding, the swing-span Mission Railway Bridge was the only crossing of the Fraser River in the Fraser Valley below Yale, and all rail traffic between Vancouver and the United States was necessarily routed through Mission (until the Fraser River Swing Bridge at New Westminster was built in 1904). The rail bridge at Mission doubled duty as a one-way alternating vehicular bridge until the 1970s, when a long-promised new Mission Bridge was finally completed. The bridge's location is geographically important as the head of the tidal bore on the Fraser River, and its water level gauge is an important measure of the Fraser's annual and sometimes dangerously large spring freshet.

Mission City's original retail core was in the small area of lowland between the CPR mainline and the river, but following the great flood of 1894 a few years after the town's founding was relocated just north of the rail line at the foot of the hillside rising above the rail junction. This small commercial strip, only four or five blocks long, was one of the principal commercial centres of the Fraser Valley for many decades and had a lively retail trade and social life.

The western part of the district, the Stave Valley, is largely rural and forested but its watercourse is home to what was the largest hydroelectric project in British Columbia, built to supply the British Columbia Electric Railway. The Stave Falls Power Co. operated a light-gauge railway for passenger and freight service up the lower canyon of the river to the first dam at Stave Falls, which is the foot of Stave Lake (actually it's a pair of dams because of a low hillock-cum-island in between them. It is now owned by BC Hydro.

Flanking the outraces of the powerhouse at Stave Falls there was once a fairly large community (300 houses), which was served by the railway via connections to the CPR line at Ruskin, although the (then very rough) Dewdney Trunk Road used the dam to cross the Stave River. Population in the Stave Falls area is now away from the dams, west along the Dewdney Trunk towards Maple Ridge, in a rural farm-and-wilderness area south of Rolley Lake Provincial Park.

Later another dam was built at the foot of the canyon which was higher and therefore also more powerful, and also flooded out the railway, which was built along its shores. Its roadway is now maintained as a public hiking and biking route connecting the two dams, and Ruskin Dam is also a roadway, connecting to Silverdale and Silverhill on the east side of the Stave, and the rest of Mission.

Up against the Maple Ridge boundary near the waterfront on the west side of the Stave, and halfway between the dam and the mills at Ruskin, was a large drive-in theatre for many years. It is now a large trailer park, and the most populated of Ruskin's neighbourhoods.

Following the building of the Highway 1 freeway on the south side of the Fraser in the late 1960s, which brought huge population growth and large shopping malls to formerly rural Abbotsford, Matsqui and Langley, Mission lost its "anchor", which was the main Eaton's department store in the Valley, and the town's Main Street businesses lost much of their business to the new shopping malls a few minutes away across the river; this process was accelerated with the opening of the new bridge in the mid-1970s.

Despite a cohesive business community and carefully planned new retail malls on the edges of the old core, Mission's retail community has never regained its former prominence in the Fraser Valley. Burgeoning "exurban" population growth connected with the rapid growth of the population of the Lower Mainland and encouraged by a new commuter rail line direct to downtown Vancouver, the West Coast Express, has reversed this trend although Mission's real estate remains some of the cheapest in the heated Fraser Valley market.

Outside of the core "urban" area, most of which had been the Town of Mission City, the former District of Mission was a collection of distinct rural communities, each with their own history and sometimes distinct ethnic flavour. Silverdale, 7 kilometres west of Mission on the east bank of the lower Stave River, was homesteaded by Italian immigrants in the 1880s, the descendents of which reside there to this day. Neighbouring Silverhill originally founded by a Finnish utopian sect who were superseded by Scandinavian and German settlers following a forest fire that virtually wiped out the Finns.

Steelhead, in the northern part of the district, was originally a weekend retreat for some of Vancouver's press community, and other localities such as Ferndale, Cedar Valley and Hatzic were farming communities of mixed origin, with Europeans and anglicized French-Canadians alongside the usual British-Scottish Canadian mix typical of much of the Fraser Valley. Before World War II, there was a large Japanese-Canadian contingent throughout the Mission area, involved in berry farming, logging and milling and in the fishery on the river.

In 1954, Benedictine monks obtained land near Mission, where they set up their Westminster Abbey and Seminary of Christ the King. They have lived there ever since, running their own farm and teaching high school and college men at the seminary.

The berry industry, formerly the district's largest and most important, formed the heart of the town's annual summer party, the Strawberry Festival, but with the impacts on this industry the relocation of the Japanese during wartime and the devastating flood of 1948, the strawberry theme was abandoned and the town acquired the rights to the Western Canada championships of the Soap Box Derby, which were held annually in a specially-built facility until 1973.

Mission's other major industry was logging, and the town's several mills were noted for being the world's largest suppliers of redcedar shakes and shingles. The District of Mission has operated for many years its own tree farm, covering most of its northern and northwestern mountainous forests. This tree farm served as a model for silvicultural management on a larger scale throughout British Columbia as well as provided a unique income source for the municipality. From 1967 through the 1970s the Soap Box Derby shared Dominion Day with a large Loggers Sports event, one of the largest in British Columbia and important on the North American Loggers Sports Association circuit.

In the 1960s and 1970s there was a large cluster of productive mills on the waterfront in Mission, which was the capital of redcedar shake production in the world for many years (the mill at Whonnock outproduced the largest of the Mission mills, but Mission's city of mills was the largest overall producer.) Nearby Eddy Match Co., between Mission and Hatzic, was the largest matchstick-making plant in the world until it closed in the 1960s; its only rival was in Hull, Quebec.

Adjoining it was the Empress Foods Co. cannery, the survivor of the struggles of the berry industry in the Central Fraser Valley, and dating from the days of Mission's supremacy as strawberry capital of the valley (before the 1848 Fraser River flood wiped it out. In more recent times one of these buildings was for a while converted into the province's largest marijuana grow-op, in a scandal involving one of the town's wealthiest families (who shall remain nameless here) and which was also the largest grow-op busted on record (at the time).

Mission is also noted as the home of a long-established professional dragstrip, Mission Raceway Park, which was moved in relatively recent times outside the dyking of the lower part of town to reduce noise in residential and commercial areas nearby.

In 1972 a large tract of land in the Ferndale area in central Mission, which is flat upland valley at the top of the slope reaching up from the downtown, was acquired by the federal government and developed into two large penal facilities, one minimum security "golf resort", as the media deride it, and the other medium security prison. The northern part of the district (and the wilds of the Stave River basin to the north of it) are home to a few wilderness work camps for youth-offenders and low-risk convicts; these camps have over recent decades participated in the ongoing clearing of vast forests of flooded-out trees from the inundated areas of Stave Lake, opening the lake to water recreation and public exploration.

[edit] Neighbourhoods

Mission's neighbourhoods include a number of rural localities which were part of the District Municipality before amalgamation and which still have some strong local identity. The following list is incomplete, due to the emergence of modern-era development neighbourhoods, but covers the historical localities:

• Silverdale
• Silverhill
• West Heights
• Stave Falls
• Stave Gardens
• Ruskin
• Steelhead
• Cedar Valley
• Keystone Road
• Clay Road
• Richards Road
• Cade-Barr
• Cherry Hill
• Ferndale
• Hatzic
• Hillside

[edit] References

• Schroeder, Andreas. Carved from Wood: Mission, B.C. 1861-1992 The Mission Foundation (1991). ISBN 1-55056-131-6
• Cherrington, John. Mission on the Fraser Mitchell Press (1974). ISBN B0006CL344

[edit] External links

• District of Mission
• Mission Search and Rescue Society
• Mission Forum
• Mission Raceway Park site
• School District #75 (Mission)

Coordinates: 49°08′01.3″N, 122°18′40.2″W