Morden
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Morden is a place in the London Borough of Merton. It is located approximately 10 miles (16.1 km) South-southwest of central London between Merton Park (to the north), Mitcham (to the east), Sutton (to the south) and Worcester Park (to the west).
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[edit] Origin of name
Morden gets its name either from the Saxon words "Mawr" (high) and Don (a hill), or possibly "The Den on the Moor".
[edit] History
[edit] Early history
Human activity in Morden dates back to the prehistoric period when Celtic tribes are known to have occupied areas around Wimbledon, but the first significant development in Morden was the construction of the Roman road called Stane Street from Chichester to London.
The route of Stane Street through Morden followed the current A24, London Road up Stonecot Hill from the south west crossing Morden Park to the west of the current dual carriageway road and passing through the pitch and putt golf course and the grounds of St Lawrence's Church. The road then descended the other side of the hill towards the town centre passing west of the Underground station and crossing the north corner of Morden Hall Park heading in the direction of Colliers Wood and Tooting. Small Roman artifacts, mainly coins and pottery, have been found at various locations within the area although there is no evidence of any settlement.
Ethelstan the Etheling, son of Ethelred the Unready, left "land at Mordune" to the abbey of Christ and St. Peter in his will of 1015, which became the site of the first Saxon parish church of St Lawrence. Later in the 11th century Morden is mentioned in the Domesday Book when it belonged to Westminster Abbey and just 14 people lived in the area.
[edit] The Garth family
The manor and village remained abbey property until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in Henry VIII's reign when the manor was sold to Sir Richard Garth who became Lord of the Manor. The Garth family owned the land and maintained their connection with the parish for the next four centuries, living at Morden Hall Park until the 1870s.
The prominence of the Garth family is recorded locally in the name of Garth Road, Lower Morden and the former Garth School. The two lions included in the present civic arms of the London Borough of Merton are adopted from the arms of Sir Richard.
[edit] 19th Century
| 19th Century | 20th Century | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1801 | 512 | 1901 | 960 |
| 1811 | 549 | 1911 | 1,202 |
| 1821 | 638 | 1921 | 1,355 |
| 1831 | 655 | 1931 | 12,618 |
| 1841 | 685 | 1941¹ | war |
| 1851 | 628 | 1951 | 35,417 |
| 1861 | 654 | 1961² | 68,011 |
| 1871 | 787 | 1971² | 62,872 |
| 1881 | 694 | 1981² | 61,108 |
| 1891 | 763 | 1991³ | n/a |
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| source: UK census | |||
Despite the rapid suburban development of nearby Wimbledon occasioned by the arrival of the new railways constructed in the mid 19th century, Morden remained a rural parish throughout the 19th century. Whilst the population of Wimbledon grew hugely from 1,591 in 1801 to 41,652 in 1901, the population of Morden was 512 in 1801 and, one hundred years later, had grown to just 960.
The first Ordnance Survey map of the parish produced circa 1871 [1] shows the area of the parish of Morden as being 1474.926 acres (596.88 hectares) with the small village clustered around St Lawrence’s church at the top of the hill on the road from London to Epsom (now the A24, London Road/Epsom Road). Approximately half a mile to the west of the main village and the grounds of Morden Park stood the hamlet of Lower Morden.
Close to the church were the George Inn (a 17th century coaching inn which remains, in a much modernised form, as part of a national pub restaurant chain), the estate of Morden Park and a school.
The other main public house in the village was the Crown Inn, located to the north east of the village with a small cluster of cottages on Crown Road. The rest of what is now the commercial centre of Morden was fields.
In the late 19th century the principal industry remained agriculture, although some industrial activity did exist along the river Wandle where watermills ground tobacco to snuff and a varnish works existed close to the site of Poplar Primary School.
[edit] Twentieth century
Under the Local Government Act, 1894, the parish of Morden formed part of the Croydon Rural District of Surrey. The first two decades of the 20th century saw little change in the village with industry still mainly agricultural in nature, however development in the parish of Merton to the north lead to that area being removed from the rural district to form the Merton Urban District in 1907. Morden was merged with the Merton Urban District in 1913 to form the Merton and Morden Urban District [2]. It was not until 1926 when Morden Underground station opened as the terminus of a new extension of the London Underground's Northern Line that the fast and direct route to central London opened up the village for residential development.
To complement the new station, a garage was constructed on the other side of London Road, adjacent to the railway cutting and, in 1932, Morden Cinema was built next to it on the corner of Aberconway Road. Around the station a new commercial centre grew quickly as shops sprang up along London Road and Crown Lane, including a large Co-operative Society department store and a rebuilt and enlarged Crown public house.
Away from the new commercial centre of Morden, the existing rural roads were widened and rebuilt and the fields were rapidly divided into building plots and laid out for new housing. Further transport improvements came with the construction of a new Southern Railway branch line from Wimbledon to Sutton via South Merton and Morden South (so named, presumably, to differentiate it from Morden Underground Station and Morden Station (now Morden Road tram stop) although it was actually north east of the original village centre). The new line opened in January 1930. As a result of the new transport links, the population of Morden experienced a sudden leap from 1,355 in 1921 to 12,618 in 1931. In the next fifteen years the population continued to grow as most of the parish was covered in new suburban homes.
One of the main residential developments in the 1930s was the St. Helier estate, built by the London County Council (LCC) to house workers from inner London and named in honour of Lady St. Helier, an alderman of the LCC. The estate was the largest local authority development in south London and has its road names arranged in alphabetical order, from the north-west corner (Abbotsbury Road) to the south-east corner (Woburn Road). Reflecting the previous ownership of the land by Westminster Abbey, all are named after religious establishments. Most of the St. Helier estate now lies in the London Borough of Sutton.
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In 1943 the council was granted a civic coat-of-arms incorporating Lions from the Garth family arms and the fret from the arms of Merton Abbey. The motto, "In Libertate Vis", means "Our Strength is our Freedom". In 1965, under the London Government Act 1963, the Merton and Morden Urban District Council was abolished and its area combined with that of the Municipal Borough of Wimbledon and the Municipal Borough of Mitcham to form the present-day London Borough of Merton.
[edit] Today
Little of the earlier rural character of Morden survived the suburban expansion, although the area has excellent provision of parks and playing fields, many of them created from remnants of the former country estates. It is, for the most part, a suburb.
The Crown public house was demolished in the early 1960s to make way for the fourteen-storey office block Crown House and a large supermarket (the supermarket was in turn demolished in the 1980s and replaced by the Civic Centre/Library). The Co-op, cinema and garage were all demolished in the 1980s or 1990s.
[edit] Landmarks
- St Lawrence Church, Morden
- Morden Baptist Church
- Morden Hall Park
- Morden Park
- The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has built the largest mosque in Western Europe in Morden (in London Road on the site of the former Express Dairy depot), and it was opened in October 2003.
[edit] Transport
Nearest tube station:
Nearest railway stations and tramlink stops (in approximate order of proximity):
- Morden South railway station
- Morden Road tram stop
- South Merton railway station
- St. Helier railway station
- Belgrave Walk tram stop
- Mitcham tram stop
- Sutton Common railway station
[edit] Nearest places
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[edit] Gallery
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[edit] External links
- British Library Collect Britain archive - Mordon, Surrey, 1780
- London's Transport Museum Photographic Archive Aerial view of Morden town centre in 1926 when the Underground station opened. The first roads have been laid out but the area is still mostly fields. The Crown Inn is visible on the left.
- Francis Frith Collection View of Morden town centre in 1965, looking east from top of Crown House. Morden Cinema and Station Garage are centre right.
- British Pathe News Archive 1930s Newsreel footage of construction of Morden Cinema (download - select low resolution free preview)
- Map and aerial photo of Morden from Multimap.com
- Other map and aerial photo sources
- Motco.com 15 Miles Round London (First edition), J Cary, 1786, Morden
