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Metropolitan Police Service

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Metropolitan Police redirects here. See also metropolitan police.
Metropolitan Police Service
Metropolitan Police Service
Metropolitan Police Service area
Coverage
Area Greater London
(except City of London)
Size 1,578 km² (609 sq mi)
Population 7.4 million
Operations
Formed 1829
HQ New Scotland Yard
Officers 31,073
Divisions 33
Stations 180
Commissioner Sir Ian Blair
The Metropolitan Police Logo
Website Metropolitan Police

The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) is the name currently used by the territorial police force which is responsible for Greater London other than the City of London (the responsibility of the City of London Police). It is commonly referred to as the Metropolitan Police, and informally as "the Met" or sometimes MP; in statutes it is usually described in lower case as the "metropolitan police" without the appendage "Service".

With over 31,000 officers, the MPS is the largest force in the United Kingdom.[1] The headquarters is at New Scotland Yard in Westminster, commonly known as Scotland Yard, although administrative functions are increasingly based at the Empress State Building (ESB) and by the end of 2007 all command and control functions will be transferred to the three Metcall complexes. Its head is the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis or simply the Commissioner, responsible to the Metropolitan Police Authority. The post was first held jointly by Colonel Sir Charles Rowan and Sir Richard Mayne. The current commissioner is Sir Ian Blair.

Contents

Area covered and other forces

The MPS area is known as the Metropolitan Police District (MPD), and coincides with the 32 London boroughs that make up Greater London, but excludes the City of London.

Before April 1, 2000, the MPD covered a larger area, established well before the current borders of Greater London were set. It included parts of Surrey, Hertfordshire and Essex, all of Epsom and Ewell, Hertsmere and Spelthorne districts, and Banstead, Cheshunt, Chigwell, Loughton, Esher, Northaw and Cuffley and Waltham Abbey.

The Ministry of Defence Police is responsible for Ministry of Defence property in the capital, and other bases and premises in the UK.[2]

The British Transport Police is responsible for the rail network, including the London Underground, Tramlink and the Docklands Light Railway.[3]

The English part of the Royal Parks Constabulary, which patrolled a number of Greater London's major parks, was absorbed by the Metropolitan Police in 2004. There are also a few parks police forces, such as the Kew Constabulary (policing the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) and Hampstead Heath. Those officers have full police powers within their limited jurisdiction, but all substantial crime and incidents are the responsibility of the MPS.

Some London boroughs maintain their own borough park constabularies, such as Newham in east London; their remit only extends to park by-laws, so parks constables are not police officers, and any criminal investigations in these areas are the responsibility of the MPS.

Structure: MPS directorates

Mounted MPS officer outside Buckingham Palace, London
Mounted MPS officer outside Buckingham Palace, London

The MPS is divided into ten departments or directorates, each commanded by an Assistant Commissioner or, in the case of civilianised departments (such as Human Resources), a director of police staff, the equivalent civilian grade. The Management Board is made up of the Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner Paul Stephenson and these departmental heads.

Territorial Policing

The Territorial Policing directorate is commanded by Assistant Commissioner Tim Godwin. It is responsible for everyday policing across London and is divided into 32 Borough Operational Command Units (BOCUs), contiguous with the London boroughs (with the exception of the Royal Parks OCU). Each BOCU is commanded by a Chief Superintendent, apart from Westminster, which due to its high concentration of government facilities is led by a Commander.

Each BOCU provides patrol and response police officers, safer neighbourhood teams, Criminal Investigation Department (CID) officers and other local squads and units. The Aviation Security Operational Command Unit (OCU), responsible for policing Heathrow Airport and also London City Airport, is also under Territorial Policing.

Number of officers per borough

Each BOCU has an 'officer establishment' as follows:

Barking & Dagenham - 402

Barnet - 537

Bexley - 340

Brent - 668

Bromley - 444

Camden - 807

Croydon - 660

Ealing - 664

Enfield - 543

Greenwich - 580

Hackney - 739

Hammersmith & Fulham - 516

Haringey - 685

Harrow - 329

Havering - 349

Hillingdon - 464

Hounslow - 484

Islington - 676

Kingston upon Thames - 269

Lambeth - 947

Lewisham - 634

Merton - 334

Newham - 761

Redbridge - 435

Richmond upon Thames - 275

Kensington & Chelsea - 544

Southwark - 856

Sutton - 274

Waltham Forest - 529

Tower Hamlets - 741

Wandsworth - 579

Westminster - 1,541

(These figures are the authorised establishments and may not be the actual number of officers posted to each BOCU – Source: Metropolitan Police Authority.[4])

Specialist Crime Directorate (SCD)

The SCD is commanded by Assistant Commissioner Steve House. It deals with serious, organised and specialist crime investigations and is divided into commands as follows:

  • Homicide Command (SCD 1), made up of a number of major investigation teams (MITs) and is responsible for the investigation of homicide and other serious crimes. Other units, such as Child Abuse Command and Operation Trident (see below) conduct murder investigations if the homicide falls within their remit. MITs investigate murder, manslaughter, infanticide, attempted murder where the evidence of intent is unambiguous or there is a substantive risk to life, missing persons or abductions where there is a substantive reason to suspect life has been taken or is under threat, and other investigations identified for specialist needs. Another unit in this command is the Homicide Task Force, which conducts work to suppress murder and ‘man hunts’ for those suspects wanted for murder.
  • Forensic Services (SCD 4)
  • Child Abuse Investigation Command (SCD 5), made up of the Paedophile Unit, the Hi-Tech Crime Unit, the Child Abuse Prevention and Partnership Unit, the Ports Safeguarding Team and Major Investigation Teams.
  • Economic and Specialist Crime Command (SCD 6) including the Dedicated Cheque and Plastic Crime Unit, the Money Laundering Investigation Team, Financial Investigation Development Units, the Specialist Crime Operations Team, the Stolen Vehicle Unit, the Arts and Antiques Unit, the Computer Crime Unit, the Wildlife Crime Unit, the Extradition and International Assistance Unit, the Criminal Justice Protection Unit, and the Regional Asset Recovery Team.
  • Trident Operational Command Unit (SCD 8) was set up in 1998 as a proactive unit combatting gun crime perpetrated on London’s black communities. A new command structure was set up on 24 July 2000, with three specialist senior detectives supported by 160 police officers tasked with black community gun crime cases. Trident is currently broken down into murder, proactive/shootings and intelligence wings, staffed by 270 officers and 70 staff. In January 2004 Trident also took on the investigation of shootings in all of London’s communities, through the Trafalgar team of 34 officers.
  • The Serious and Organised Crime Group (SCD 7) ‘tackles serious and organised crime, life-threatening crimes in action and those who inflict human misery on the people of London through fast time pro-active response’. The group is made up of the Central Task Force, the Projects Team, the Flying Squad, the Kidnap and Special Investigation Unit, the Hostage and Crisis Negotiations Unit and the Intelligence Support Unit.
  • Covert Policing (SCD 10)
  • Intelligence (SCD 11)

Central Operations

Central Operations (CO), commanded by Assistant Commissioner Tarique Ghaffur, is responsible for pan-London units that support the BOCUs and specialist units. Units in this department include Central Communications Command (CO10), including Metcall (C3i), Public Order Operational Command Unit (CO11), Olympics Preparation Operational Command Unit (CO12), Traffic Operational Command Unit (CO15), Transport Operational Command Unit (CO17), Operational Support OCU (CO18) comprising Mounted Branch, Air Support Unit, Dog Support Unit and Marine Support Unit, the Specialist Firearms Command (CO19), and the Territorial Support Group (C020).

A new unit, the MSC Tasking Unit (also referred to as MSC OSU), is the latest addition. It consists mostly of Special Constables who provide high-visibility policing and conduct public order patrols, normally on Friday & Saturday nights, mainly as part of Operation Optic, an initiative aimed at reducing alcohol-related violence.

Specialist Operations

Specialist Operations (SO), commanded by Assistant Commissioner Andy Hayman, is responsible for units that undertake tasks of national importance. This department has recently undergone restructuring and now consists of three commands, known as: Protection Command, Security Command and Counter Terrorism Command.

The Protection Command, headed by Commander Peter Loughborough, is divided into four sections. The first section is Specialist Protection, who are responsible for the personal protection of the Prime Minister and other government ministers. The next section is Royalty Protection, who are responsible for the personal protection of members of the Royal Family and the protection of royal residences. The next section is the Diplomatic Protection Group, who are responsible for the protection of embassies and the personal protection of visiting heads of state and heads of government. The final section is the Palace of Westminster (Houses of Parliament) section, who are responsible for patrolling the building and conducting searches of visitors.

The Security Command, headed by Commander Ian Carter, is responsible for security at Heathrow Airport and London City Airport. Their duties include patrolling the interior and exterior of airport buildings and the local area.

The Counter Terrorism Command, also known as SO15 and headed by Deputy Assistant Commissioner Peter Clarke (who is also the National Co-ordinator of Terrorist Investigations), was formed by the merger of Special Branch and the Anti-Terrorist Branch. The priority of this command is to keep the public safe and to do everything they can to ensure that London remains a hostile environment for terrorists. Their responsibilities include: bringing to justice anyone engaged in terrorist or related offences, providing a proactive and reactive response to terrorist and related offences, preventing and disrupting terrorist activity, gathering and exploiting intelligence on terrorism and extremism in London, to assist the British Security Service (MI5) and the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), and to assist the National Co-ordinator of Terrorist Investigations (DAC Peter Clarke) outside London.

Public Affairs Department

The Public Affairs Department is led by Director of Public Affairs Dick Fedorcio, and deals with the media and looks after publicity and internal communications.

Resources Department

The Resources Department is led by Director of Resource Kenneth Luck and is responsible for finance, buildings, procurement and so on.

Strategy, Modernisation & Performance

The Strategy, Modernisation & Performance Department is led by Director Stephen Rimmer.

Human Resources

The Human Resources Department is led by Director of Human Resources Martin Tiplady.

Standards & Intelligence

The Standards and Intelligence Department is commanded by Assistant Commissioner John Yates and includes the Professional Standards Unit and Legal Services.

Information

The Information Department, led by Director of Information Alisa Beaton, is responsible for information systems and operational communications, including the C3i project.

History

The Metropolitan Police was established on September 29, 1829, by the then Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel, giving rise to the nicknames of "Peelers" or "Bobbies" for members of the force. It was the third official non-paramilitary police force in the world, after the City of Glasgow Police and the Paris Police.

Red MPS Diplomatic Protection Group (DPG) car
Red MPS Diplomatic Protection Group (DPG) car

Until the middle of the 18th century, no police force operated in London. General law and order was maintained by magistrates, volunteer constables, watchmen and, where necessary, the armed forces. If a victim of crime wished to pursue an offender they could employ a "thief taker", who earned a living from such payments and, in the case of notorious offenders, the rewards offered by the courts. The novelist Henry Fielding was appointed a magistrate in Westminster in 1748. His house at No. 4 Bow Street was established as a courtroom in 1739 by the previous owner Sir Thomas de Veil. Fielding brought together eight trustworthy constables, who came to be known as the Bow Street Runners, and gave them the authority to enforce the decisions of magistrates. Bow Street Magistrates' court closed in July 2006, breaking its long association with law enforcement.[5] The building is due to be converted to a boutique hotel.

Fielding's blind half-brother Sir John Fielding (known as the "Blind Beak of Bow Street") succeeded his brother as magistrate in 1754 and refined the patrol into the first truly effective police force for the capital, although the Runners were still magistrate's officers and not patrolling police officers.

By 1792 salaried constables were being paid by local magistrates, and 1798 saw the establishment of the Marine Police Force, initially a private body based in Wapping primarily to police the docks and prevent the theft of cargo. Its success in deterring theft on the docks led to the passing of the Marine Police Bill, which made it the first permanent and publicly funded preventive police force in the English policing system. This force later amalgamated with the Metropolitan Police to form its Thames Division, which still patrols the river.

Two MPS officers and a community support officer near Buckingham Palace
Two MPS officers and a community support officer near Buckingham Palace

During the early 19th century, the Industrial Revolution saw London become much larger. It became clear that the system of locally maintained constabularies was ineffective in the prevention and detection of crime amongst such a large population. Royal Assent was given to the Metropolitan Police Act on 19 June 1829. This act placed the policing of the capital directly under the control of the Home Secretary. The initial force consisted of around 1,000 men with instructions to patrol the streets within a seven-mile (11 km) radius of Charing Cross in order to prevent crime and pursue offenders. The following year, on June 28, 1830, Joseph Grantham became the first member of the force to be killed in the line of duty.

In 1857 the Commissioner Richard Mayne was paid a salary of £1,883, and his two Assistant Commissioners were paid salaries £800 each.[6]

It took some time to establish the standards of discipline expected today from a police force. For instance, during 1863 215 officers were arrested for drunkenness.[citation needed]

One of the priorities of the police force from the beginning was "maintaining public order", and they were very active, for example, against the major Chartist demonstrations.

The force continued to be controlled directly by the Home Secretary until 2000, when the newly created Greater London Authority was given responsibility for the force, through the Metropolitan Police Authority. The MPA is made up of members appointed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly, and several independent members. However the Metropolitan Police Commissioner is still appointed by the Home Secretary.

Female police constables first joined the force in September, 1949. They used the prefix 'Woman' in front of their rank — as in Woman Police Constable (WPC) and Woman Police Sergeant (WPS) — to distinguish themselves from male officers, who had wider authority. Their original duties were restricted to patrolling and the care and observation of female and juvenile male detainees. They were usually seconded to the CID but the first Woman Detective Constable was not appointed until 1970. They were given six-day, 48-hour work weeks but were not allowed to work night shifts, except for special on-call duty, until June 1973.

Police ranks

See also: UK police ranks
See also: Special Constabulary

The Metropolitan Police uses the standard UK police ranks, indicated by shoulder boards, up to Chief Superintendent, but it has five ranks above that level instead of the standard three.[7]

Metropolitan Police Officers protecting World Cup revellers in London.
Metropolitan Police Officers protecting World Cup revellers in London.

The prefix 'Woman' in front of female officers' ranks has been obsolete since 1999. Members of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) up to and including the rank of Chief Superintendent prefix their ranks with 'Detective'. Other departments, such as Special Branch and Child Protection, award non-detectives 'Branch Detective' status, allowing them to use the 'detective' prefix.

Police numbers

The MPS consists of full-time uniformed officers, civilian officers who often staff the front desk of a police station - they wear a uniform consisting of a vertically blue-striped shirt - and Police Community Support Officers.[9] The MPS was the first force to introduce these. There are uniformed staff in the control rooms at Scotland Yard, known informally as the Information Room. There are uniformed Special Constables with police powers, who work voluntarily as police officers. They are not paid, but do receive expenses, and have an additional epaulette or shoulder marking: SC.[10]

There are uniformed Traffic Wardens, who wear a uniform with yellow and black markings - they are a distinct body from local authority parking attendants. The former have greater powers that include being able to stop vehicles and re-direct traffic at an incident.[11]

MPS Vauxhall Vectra V6 CDI area car in current silver livery
MPS Vauxhall Vectra V6 CDI area car in current silver livery

Total numbers 2005/2006

  • Full-time uniformed officers: over 31,000 (source MPA)
  • Police Community Support Officers: over 2100 (source MPA)
  • Special constables: 1800 (as at Sept 2006)[citation needed]
  • Traffic wardens: 500
  • Other police staff: 13,561[12]

Historic numbers

  • 2003 — approximately 28,000[13]
  • 2001 — approximately 25,000[14] (London population 7,172,000)
  • 1984 — approximately 27,000[15]

Police stations

A traditional blue lamp as seen outside most police stations. This one is outside Covent Garden Police Station
A traditional blue lamp as seen outside most police stations. This one is outside Covent Garden Police Station

In addition to the Headquarters at New Scotland Yard, there are 140 police stations in London.[16] These range from large borough headquarters staffed around the clock every day to smaller stations which may be open to the public only during normal business hours, or on certain days of the week.

The oldest police station, at Bow Street, which opened in 1881, closed in 1992 and the adjoining Bow Street Magistrates Court saw its last case on 14 July 2006.[17]

The oldest operational police station is at Wapping, opened in 1908. It is the headquarters of the Marine Support Unit (formerly known as Thames Division), which is responsible for policing the River Thames. It also houses a mortuary and the River Police Museum.

Most police stations can easily be identified from one or more blue lamps located outside the entrance. These were introduced in 1861.

A typical police station features separate entrances for the public and police officers, with a small reception room for members of the public, a custody suite and cells for holding and questioning suspects, and administrative offices.

In recent years there has been a call from some quarters for more imaginative planning of police stations to aid in improving relations between the police service and the wider community.[18]

Notable incidents and investigations

Some notable major incidents and investigations in which the Metropolitan Police Service has been involved:

  • 10 October 2006 - Operation Minstead - Detectives from the Serious Crime Directorate issue an appeal for the subject of the UK's most extensive rape investigation to surrender himself to police.[19]
  • 13 September 2006 - Operation Mokpo - Officers from Operation Trident make the MPS's largest seizure of firearms after a series of raids in Dartford, Kent. A senior officer was quoted as saying: "This operation has resulted in hundreds of guns being taken out of circulation."[20]
A Fast Response Targa 31 boat of the Marine Support Unit of the MPS, on the River Thames in London
A Fast Response Targa 31 boat of the Marine Support Unit of the MPS, on the River Thames in London
  • 7 July 2005 - London Bombings - Multiple bombings across London, in which MPS officers worked to a Major Incident Plan to provide coordination, control and forensic and investigative resources.[21]
  • April 1999 - London Nailbomber - Lone bomber David Copeland carried out a series of hate attacks on ethnic minority areas and on a pub frequented by the homosexual community.[24]
  • 1993 - "Gay Slayer" - Former soldier Colin Ireland murdered five homosexual men in a deliberate bid to get notoriety - he had read an article that said to be a serial killer you must have killed five times or more.[25]
  • 31 March 1990 - Trafalgar Square Riot - Also known as the Poll Tax Riot, this was triggered by growing unrest against the the Community Charge, and grew from a legitimate demonstration which had taken place that morning. An estimated £400,000-worth of damage was caused.
  • 12 December 1988 - Clapham Train Crash - A packed commuter train passed a defective signal and ran into the back of a second train, derailing it into the path of a third coming the other way. The crash killed 35 people and seriously injured 69 others.[28]
  • 1986 - Stockwell Strangler - Kenneth Erskine carried out a series of attacks in Stockwell on elderly men and women, breaking into their homes and strangling them to death. Most were sexually assaulted.[30]
  • 1982-1986 Railway Rapists - John Duffy and David Mulcahy committed 18 rapes of women and young girls near railway stations in London and the South East, murdering three of their victims. Metropolitan Police officers worked with neighbouring forces to solve the crimes. Duffy was convicted in 1988, but Mulcahy was not brought to justice until almost 10 years later.[32]
  • 1981, 1985, 1995 - Brixton Riots - Riots erupted in Brixton, fuelled by dissatisfaction over economic conditions and racial tension. Between the three incidents, nearly 1,000 people were injured and millions of pounds worth of damage were caused.[34][35][36]

Facts and figures

  • In 1981 a report by Lord Scarman stated that London's Metropolitan Police were guilty of racial discrimination.[39] The issue arose again in the 1999 Macpherson Report, which stated that there was institutional racism.[40]
  • In 2000, more than 25% of the population of London are from ethnic minorities, while 15% of Met police officers are as of 2004.[41]
  • In 2003/04, there were 6,202 accidents involving Metropolitan Police vehicles, the City of Westminster having the highest number in the three years to 2003/04, with 847.[42]
  • Between 1998 and 2005, 60 people died in Metroploitan Police custody.[43]
  • Between 1990 and 2005, 41 serving Metropolitan Police officers died in the execution of their duty, eight of these were murdered or fatally injured by an assailant.[44] The last death of a serving police officer in a violent incident was in 1997.[45]
  • In 2005 pay scales for the MPS differed from other areas in the UK to take account of the cost of living and working in the capital.
  • New constables in the MPS are paid a starting salary of £26,730, rising to £29,103 on completion of initial training. This rises to £30,423 after two years' probationer training, (based on figures for 2005).[46].
  • The Metropolitan Police Federation is the staff association for all officers below the rank of Superintendent.
  • In July 2006, The Crown Prosecution Service confirmed that it would not be pursuing charges against any MPS officers involved in the shooting of Jean Charles de Menezes. De Menezes was shot seven times in the head and once in the shoulder. The MPS claimed immediately after the incident that de Menezes was a suspected suicide bomber. It later emerged he was innocent and unarmed. CPS senior lawyer Stephen O'Doherty said, "there is insufficient evidence to provide a realistic prospect of conviction against any individual police officer."[47] However, the MPS as an organisation is due to face charges under health and safely laws.[48]

References

  1. ^ Metropolitan Police Authority. MPA. Retrieved on 2006-07-20.
  2. ^ Ministry of Defence Police. MOD (2006-07-19). Retrieved on 2006-07-19.
  3. ^ British Transport Police. BTP (2006-07-19). Retrieved on 2006-07-19.
  4. ^ Police officer allocation. MPA (2005-02-11). Retrieved on 2006-09-21.
  5. ^ Bow Street court closes its doors. BBC News (2006-07-14). Retrieved on 2006-07-19.
  6. ^ Metropolitan Police History. Met Police. Retrieved on 2006-07-20.
  7. ^ Metropolitan Police: Ranks. Met Police. Retrieved on 2006-07-19.
  8. ^ Metropolitan Police: Cadets. Met Police. Retrieved on 2006-07-19.
  9. ^ Metropolitan Police PCSO
  10. ^ Metropolitan Police Special Constables
  11. ^ Metropolitan Police Authority website, home-page
  12. ^ Home Office Performance Assessment 2004/2005
  13. ^ GLA press release, 11 March 2003
  14. ^ Hansard, 23 April 2001
  15. ^ Hansard, 26 February 1996
  16. ^ Met Police stations: A-Z Directory
  17. ^ BBC: Bow Street court closes its doors
  18. ^ Institute for Public Policy Research: Re-inventing the police station (PDF)
  19. ^ BBC News website: Surrender plea to serial rapist
  20. ^ This is Local London: 'Biggest ever' gun haul
  21. ^ BBC News website: on this day 7 July 2005
  22. ^ BBC News website: on this day 5 October 1990
  23. ^ 18 June 1999
  24. ^ The Job: Life sentence for London nailbomber
  25. ^ Crime Library: Colin Ireland
  26. ^ BBC News website: on this day 8 January 1991
  27. ^ BBC news website on this day 20 August 1989
  28. ^ BBC News website: on this day 12 December 1988
  29. ^ BBC News website: on this day 18 November 1987
  30. ^ Serial Killers: Kenneth Erskine
  31. ^ 6 October 1985
  32. ^ BBC News website: Life for depraved killer
  33. ^ BBC News website: on this day 28 February 1975
  34. ^ BBC News website: on this day 30 November 1981
  35. ^ BBC News website: on this day 28 September 1985
  36. ^ BBC News website: on this day 13 December 1995
  37. ^ Famous Criminals: Dennis Nilsen
  38. ^ BBC News website: on this day 30 August 1975
  39. ^ Q&A The Scarman Report. BBC News (2004-04-27). Retrieved on 2006-07-20.
  40. ^ The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry. TSO (1999-02-24). Retrieved on 2006-07-19.
  41. ^ Ethnic minority Met officers at record high. BBC News (2000-02-22). Retrieved on 2006-09-17.
  42. ^ Liberal Democrats: Met Police collision deaths rise rise 17% in three years. Liberal Democrats (2005-01-17). Retrieved on 2006-07-19.
  43. ^ Deaths in Custody. MPA (Nov 2002). Retrieved on 2006-07-19.
  44. ^ History of the Metropolitan Police: Book Of Remembrance
  45. ^ Blair's tribute to 'remarkable' officer. BBC News (1998-10-22). Retrieved on 2006-09-17.
  46. ^ Jane's Police Review: pay and conditions. Jane's (2005-11-09). Retrieved on 2006-07-19.
  47. ^ CPS statement on Menezes report. BBC News (2006-07-17). Retrieved on 2006-07-19.
  48. ^ Q&A: Met health and safety charges

See also

Other police services and related articles

Other emergency services

External links

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aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - en - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu -

Static Wikipedia 2006 (no images)

aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu