Mud
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mud is a liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and some combination of soil, silt, and clay. Ancient mud deposits harden over geological time to siltstone or solid, mudrock lutites. When geological deposits of mud are formed in estuaries the resultant layers are termed bay muds. Mud is similar to muck, except in that mud lacks significant quantities of humus, and often contains higher proportions of sand.
Mud can provide a home for numerous types of animals, including varieties of worms, frogs, snails, clams, and crayfish. Other animals, such as pigs and elephants, bathe in mud in order to cool off and protect themselves from the sun.
Mud, in the construction industry, refers to wet plaster, stucco, cement or other similar substance. Mud is closely related to slurry and sediment.
In the preparation of materials for making ceramics, the making of liquid mud (called slip) is a stage in the process of refinement of the materials, since larger particles will settle out of the liquid.
[edit] Problems with mud
Clay soil can pose problems where traffic is present along with moisture. A road built upon such soil may become stable over time as the packing of the soil will make it more water resistant. Any attempt to grade it can be disastrous, since excess water can enter the surface and will be worked in by traffic, transforming portions of the road into a mud bog that can trap vehicles. The typical solution in road building is to add layers of crushed stone. The stone particles will interlock and distribute the weight of a vehicle over a larger surface area. Proper drainage is also essential when low spots are encountered by the road, usually requiring the addition of culverts to pass water underneath the elevation of the road.
Buildings constructed upon clay soil must also be properly drained around their perimeter, particularly where a perimeter foundation (rather than a monolithic slab) is used. As clay will expand and soften as moisture is added, and the resultant mud will squeeze out from underneath the foundation. In the next dry cycle it will contract, but the clay squeezed out will not return. Over a number of such cycles the foundation can sink in the moisture-cycled locations, possibly causing foundation cracks and cracks in the surfacing of walls, both interior and exterior. Maintaining a constant moisture level in firm soil is important and can be effected by appropriate landscaping and landscaping maintenance. Where drainage is toward a building a French drain may be installed to route water around the building.
[edit] Mud in pop culture
Mud is used in mud wrestling, as a form of entertainment. A mud bath is a medical treatment.
