New International Encyclopedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The New International Encyclopedia was an encyclopedia first published in the 1910s. It was printed in two editions. The first edition was published from 1902 to 1914 by Dodd, Mead and Company. The second edition was copyrighted in 1917 and afterwards by Dodd, Mead and Company, Inc. The Second Edition contains more volumes than the First Edition.

The 1926 output was printed in Cambridge, Massachusetts by The University Press. Boston Bookbinding Company of Cambridge produced the covers. Thirteen books enclosing twenty-three volumes comprise the encyclopedia, which includes a supplement after Volume 23. Each book contains about 1600 pages.

A great deal of biographic material is recorded in the New International Encyclopedia. An early description of Adolf Hitler and his activities from 1920 to 1924 is in the supplement to the 1926 edition. Many of the names which are used to describe the scientific identities of plants and animals are now obsolete.

Numerous colorful maps which display the nations, states, colonies, and protectorates which existed early in the 20th century are included. The maps are valuable for their depictions of national and colonial borders in Europe, Asia, and Africa at the time of World War I. Drawings, illustrations, and photographs are plentiful, too.

Contents 1 Misprints 2 Contributors and Office Editors 3 Others 4 Foreign-born in certain places in 1910 5 Negroes in certain places in 1910 6 Statements on foreign-born and negroes living in certain places 7 Foreign-born by States in 1910 8 Biographies of women 9 Railroads 10 Pony Express Fees 11 Maps list of 172 maps (1926 edition, in colors)

[edit] Misprints

• Wikipedia:Errors in the New International Encyclopedia that have been corrected in Wikipedia Misprints exist

[edit] Contributors and Office Editors

More than five-hundred educated men and some women submitted and composed the information contained in the New International Encyclopedia.

◊Editors of the First Edition

• Daniel Coit Gilman, LL.D., President of Johns Hopkins University (1876-1901), President of Carnegie Institution.
• Harry Thurston Peck, Ph. D., L.H.D.
• Frank Moore Colby, M. A., Formerly Professor in New York University.

◊Editors of the Second Edition

• Frank Moore Colby, M. A.
• Talcott Williams, LL.D., L.H.D., Litt. D. Director of the School of Journalism, Columbia University.

EXAMPLES

• Washington Irving Lincoln Adams (Photography).
• Mary Warren Allen, (Bibliographer).
• Samuel Angus, Ph.D., Professor of Hellenistic Greek, Hartford Theological Seminary. (Ostraka, etc.).
• Edith Arrowsmith, (Department of Reader's Handbook).
• Robert Arrowsmith, Ph. D., Formerly Professor of Latin and Greek, Teachers College, Columbia University. (Department of Reader's Handbook).
• Maurice Bloomfield, Ph. D., LL. D., Professor of Sanskrit and Comparative Philology, Johns Hopkins University. (Topics in Oriental Literature).
• Mrs. Ella A. Boole, Ph. D., President New York State W. C. T. U. (Woman's Christian Temperance Union and other articles).
• Demarchus C. Brown, M. A. (Indiana State librarian).
• Alexander F. Chamberlain, Ph. D., Professor of anthropology, Clark University. (South American Indian tribes and Peoples; Asiatic tribes and Peoples).
• Colby Mitchell Chester, Rear-Admiral United States Navy (Naval Observatory)
• Wynfrid Laurence Henry Duckworth, M.D., Sc. D., M. A., Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, England; University Lecturer in Physical Anthropology, and Senior Demonstrator of Human Anatomy. (Man, Science of).
• A. A. Goldenweiser, Ph. D., Instructor in Anthropology, Columbia University. (Animism and Ancestor worship).
• William Everett Hooper, Associate Editor, Railway Age Gazette, (Supervisor of Department of Railways).
• Wolfgang L. G. Joerg, Assistant Editor of the Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, (Topics in Geography).
• Joseph J. Kral, (Topics in Gazateer).
• William S. Lahey, B. Lit. (Jersey City).
• Charles F. Marvin, Chief of the United States Weather Bureau. (Meteorology).
• Charles W. Mead, Assistant Curator of Anthropology, Department of Archæology, American Museum of Natural History, New York. (Peruvian Antiquities).
• Nelson P. Mead, Ph. D., Assistant Professor of History, College of the City of New York. (War in Europe).
• Grace A. Owen, (Topics in Modern History).
• Walter Pach, B. A., (Biographies in Painting and Sculpture).
• Harry Fielding Reid, C. E., Ph. D., Professor of Dynamical Geology and Geography, Johns Hopkins University. (Glacier).
• Paul Samuel Reinsch, Ph. D., Formerly Professor of Political Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison; United States Minister to China. (Political Science).
• J. Salwyn Schapiro, Ph. D., Assistant Professor of History, The College of the City of New York. (Modern History).
• Munroe Smith, J.U.D., LL. D., Professor of Roman Law and Comparative Jurisprudence, Columbia University. (Topics in European Law).
• Preserved Smith, Author of The Life and Letters of Martin Luther.
• Ralph S. Thompson, (Music and Biography).
• Frank Weitenkampf, L. H. D., Chief, Arts and Prints Division, New York Public Library. (Mezzotint; Meryon).
• R. H. Whitbeck. A. B., Professor of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison. (New Jersey{Physiographic Portion}).
• Miss Elizabeth Wilson, Secretarial Department, National Board, Young Women's Christian Association. (Young Women's Christian Association).
• Levi Edgar Young, Professor of History, University of Utah. (Mormons).

[edit] Others

Contributors with their own article in Wikipedia include:

A Cleveland Abbe Cleveland Abbe, Jr. Wilbur Cortez Abbott Charles Christopher Adams Thomas Sewall Adams Cyrus Adler Hartley Burr Alexander Joseph Sweetman Ames Oscar Phelps Austin B Moses Nelson Baker Erwin Hinckly Barbour Louis Agricola Bauer William Beebe Marcus Benjamin Edward W. Berry Frederic Mayer Bird Maurice Bloomfield Edward Gaylord Bourne William Bowie Isaiah Bowman David Josiah Brewer Albert Perry Brigham William Keith Brooks Robert Broom Henry Augustus Buchtel Francis Marion Burdick William Hubert Burr C William Campbell Henry Smith Carhart Rolla C. Carpenter William Henry Carpenter Paul Carus John White Chadwick Charles Joseph Chamberlain Edward Potts Cheyney Russell Henry Chittenden Alexander Hamilton Church William Churchill Hubert Lyman Clark William Bullock Clark Adolphe Cohn Frank Nelson Cole Leighton Coleman Hermann Collitz Charles Arthur Conant Frederic Taber Cooper Edward Tanjore Corwin John Merle Coulter Henry Chandler Cowles Isaac Joslin Cox Charles Albert Crampton Wilbur Lucius Cross D Charles Davenport Frederick Samuel Dellenbaugh Theodore Low De Vinne Davis Rich Dewey Melvil Dewey Samuel Warren Dike Henry Otis Dwight E Mortimer Lamson Earle Richard Eddy Thomas William Edmondson James Chidester Egbert Samuel Atkins Eliot Richard T. Ely Ephraim Emerton John Erskine Marshall Davis Ewell F Livingston Farrand John Alfred Faulkner Charles Ernest Fay Albert Warren Ferris George Wilton Field Henry Theophilus Finck Jeremiah Denis Mathias Ford Frank Hugh Foster Frank Fowler Arthur Frothingham G Henry Gannett Henry Gantt James Wilford Garner Gordon Hall Gerould Franklin Henry Giddings Henry H. Goddard Charles Buxton Going James Isaac Good Frank Johnson Goodnow Richard James Horatio Gottheil Louis Herbert Gray William Elliot Griffis H-I George Ellery Hale William Hallock Alfred Dwight Foster Hamlin Gilbert Dennison Harris William Hatch Erasmus Haworth Paul Leland Haworth Carlton Hayes Angelo Heilprin William James Henderson Daniel Webster Hering Walter Lowrie Hervey Charles Shattuck Hill Friedrich Hirth William Hobbs George Hodges Jacob Hollander William Henry Holmes Franklin Hooper Edward Washburn Hopkins William Temple Hornaday Walter Hough George Elliott Howard Leland Ossian Howard William Henry Howell James Gibbons Huneker Edward Hunter George Leland Hunter Louis Doremus Huntoon Frederick Remsen Hutton James Monroe Ingalls Ernest Ingersoll

J A. V. Williams Jackson Melancthon Williams Jacobus Harold Jacoby Edgar Jadwin Joseph Jastrow Morris Jastrow, Jr. Arthur Whipple Jenks Jeremiah Jenks Alvin Saunders Johnson Joseph French Johnson Christopher Johnston Robert Matteson Johnston David Starr Jordan K-L Isaac Leon Kandel James Furman Kemp Charles Foster Kent Sumner Increase Kimball George Washington Kirchwey Charles Knapp George Williams Knox Gustav Kobbé Horatio Sheafe Krans George Kriehn Albert Geouffre de Lapradelle Phœbus Aaron Theodor Levene Ben Lindsey Burton Edward Livingston Francis Ernest Lloyd Robert Henry Lowie Frederic Augustus Lucas M Hamilton Wright Mabie George Grant MacCurdy W J McGee Evander Bradley McGilvary William Douglas Mackenzie Lawrence Amos McLouth Thomas Guthrie Marquis Otis Tufton Mason Arthur Bartlett Maurice Royal Meeker Elmer Truesdell Merrill Adolf Meyer Paul Monroe James Mooney Clifford Herschel Moore Lewis Freeman Mott Wilhelm Max Müller Dana Carleton Munro Charles Edward Munroe N-P Ehrman Syme Nadal' Edward Everett Nourse Alpheus Spring Packard Condé Benoist Pallen Harry Thurston Peck Lyman Pierson Powell Michael Idvorsky Pupin George Haven Putnam Herbert Putnam R Frederick Leslie Ransome Alfred Remy William North Rice Heinrich Ries Theophilus Francis Rodenbough John Carew Rolfe William James Rolfe Sarah Tyson Rorer Martin André Rosanoff Rudolf Ruedemann Israel Russell S Samuel Philip Sadtler Marshall Howard Saville Albert Schinz Theodore Emanuel Schmauk Nathaniel Schmidt James Brown Scott Henry Rogers Seager Louis Livingston Seaman Lorenzo Sears Thomas Joseph Shahan Isaac Sharpless Paul Shorey Benjamin Eli Smith David Eugene Smith John Randolph Spears Simeon Strunsky Russell Sturgis T-V Ralph Stockman Tarr John Boyd Thacher Calvin Thomas Charles Comfort Tiffany Wilbur Fisk Tillett Edward Bradford Titchener Oliver Samuel Tonks Charles Haskins Townsend Aaron Louis Treadwell William Peterfield Trent Alfred Charles True Lewis Sayre Van Duzer Henry Clay Vedder W-Y Williston Walker James Joseph Walsh Raymond Weeks Benjamin W. Wells Everett Pepperrell Wheeler William Morton Wheeler Cornelis DeWitt Willcox Walter Francis Willcox Henry Parker Willis George Parker Winship Irving Francis Wood George Edward Woodberry Dean Conant Worcester David Gilbert Yates

[edit] Foreign-born in certain places in 1910

An account of the number of foreign-born people living in certain places is given for the year 1910.

• Baltimore, Maryland

77, 043 (Total population, 558,485)

• Chicago, Illinois (Includes foreign birth or parentage).

1,693,918 (Total population, approximately 2,189,520)

• Indianapolis, Indiana

19,767 (Total population, 233,650)

• Kansas City, Kansas

10,344 (Total population, 82,331)

• Los Angeles, California

60,000 (Total population, 319,918)

• Minneapolis, Minnesota

85,938 (Total population, 301,408)

• New Orleans, Louisiana

27,686 (Total population, 339,075)

• Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

140,436 (Total population, 533,905)

• St. Louis, Missouri

125,706 (Total population, 687,029).

• United States

Foreign-born white

13,345,545 (Sixteen per cent of the total population of white people in the nation). (Total population in the nation, 91,972,266, of which 68,386,412 were native white people)

Foreign-born white males in 1910, 7,523,788

Foreign-born white females in 1910, 5,821,757

(In 1900, 10,213,817 foreign-born white people existed).

[edit] Negroes in certain places in 1910

An account of the number of negroes living in certain places is given for the year 1910.

• Baltimore, Maryland

85,098 (Total population, 558,485)

• Chicago, Illinois

44,103 (Total population, approximately 2,189,520)

• Indianapolis, Indiana

21,816 (Total population, 233,650)

• Kansas City, Kansas

9,286 (Total population, 82,331)

• Los Angeles, California

7,000 (Total population, 319,198)

• Mobile, Alabama

22,763, or 44% of the 51,521 total population

• New Orleans, Louisiana

89,262 (Total population, 339,075)

• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

84,549 (Total population, 1,549,008)

• Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

34,217 (Total population, 533,905)

• St. Louis, Missouri

43,960 (Total population, 687,029)

• United States

9,827,763 (Total population, 91,972,366)

[edit] Statements on foreign-born and negroes living in certain places

Alternately, or additionally in some cases, generalized accounts of the ethnic identities of the residents of certain places is given for the early years of the twentieth century, (i. e., circa 1910), expressed as a paragraph or a sentence.

CIRCA 1910.

• Atlanta, Georgia (for the year 1900)

Population in 1900, 89,872, including 2,500 persons of foreign birth and 35,900 of negro descent.

• Baltimore, Maryland

The thirteenth census (1910) of the United States gave the total population of Baltimore as 558,485, divided into 118,851 families, occupying 101,905 dwellings. Of this number, 268,195 were males and 290,290 were females; 481,442 were native born and 77,043 were foreign born. The total number of whites was 473,387 and of colored 85,098. Of the native whites, 261,474 had native parents and 134,870 had foreign parents.

• Boston, Massachusetts

While it is claimed for Boston that it still retains its old American spirit and character, the city has a larger foreign element than many other large American cities. The percentage of people of foreign birth in 1890 was 35.37, and those of foreign parentage constituted 60.9; while in 1900 the former constituted 34.8%, and in 1910 35.9%, of the total population. Of the foreign nationalities, the Irish are most strongly represented. The largest immigration of Irish took place in the decade 1845-55, the immigrants settling in the once fashionable section of the North End. The Scottish, English, and Germans are represented in much smaller numbers, while in later years the immigration has been made up largely of Italians and Russian Jews, the latter having taken the place of the Irish in the North End of the city. The colored population is very small, having been less than 12,000 in 1900 and under 14,000 in 1910.

• Chicago, Illinois

The city had increased in 1870 to 298,977, ranking fifth among American cities; in 1880, to 503,185, ranking fourth; in 1890 to 1,099,850, ranking second; in 1900, to 1,698,575; and in 1910, to 2,185,283, still ranking second. (The exact number of people is unknown, however, due to the rapid increases).

Chicago has a remarkably high per cent (36) of foreign-born population, and of the native-born, 54% are of foreign parentage. Of the foreign nationalities the Germans are most numerous, aggregating more than twice the number of Irish, the latter having shown an inclination to remain in the Eastern towns. The numbers of those who are of foreign birth or parentage are given in the following list after the names of the countries from whence they were derived: Germany, 501,832; Austria, 227,958; Ireland, 204,821; England and Scotland, 85,894; Canada, 66,453; Russia, 184,757; Scandinavian countries, 184,747; and various other countries of Europe, 303,909; making a total under this classification (exclusive of Canadians) of 1,693,918, i. e., about 77 and one-half per cent of the entire population of the city. The population rose to 2,701,705 in 1920, an increase of approximately 23%. 44,103 negroes were enumerated in 1910.

• Cleveland, Ohio

There are few negroes, but many foreigners, the foreign born in 1910 numbering 195,700, or more than one-third of the total. (Population in 1910, 560,663). Among the foreign born the Germans are predominant, constituting in 1910 about 29%. Bohemians and other Slavs come next with 18%, and thereafter the Hungarians with 11%, the Russians with 9%, the Irish with 8%, the English with 6%, the Italians with 4%, and the Canadians with less than 4%. The native whites of foreign parents numbered 171,560, and with the foreign-born inhabitants made up 75% of the city's population.

• Detroit, Michigan

(The total population accelerated from 285,704 in 1900 to 465,466 in 1910 and to 993,739 in 1920). (The following information may indicate the 1910 figures, not those of 1920, despite the wording). Of the last, 156,565 were foreign born, the German and Canadian elements being the largest. About two-thirds of the native born were native white of foreign parents. The colored population numbered only 5,741.

• Kansas City, Missouri

Of the population, 61.8% are white of native parents, 18.3% white with foreign or mixed parents, and 9.5% negro. (Total population in 1910, 248,381).

• New Orleans, Louisiana

There were 27,686 persons of foreign birth and 89,262 negroes. Of the former, about 8000 were Italians, 6000 Germans, 3600 French, and 3000 Irish.

• New York City

In 1910, the foreign-born whites numbered 1,927,703, or 40.4% of the total population of the city. In Manhattan alone, 47.4% of the population was foreign born. The negro population in 1910 numbered 91,709.

• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Of the white population 61.9% is of foreign parentage, but native whites of foreign parentage comprise 32% of the entire population. The negroes numbered 84,549 in 1910; Chinese, Japanese, and Indians, 1,177. The largest classes of European descent are Irish, German, Russian, English, and Italian. French, Greeks, Armenians, Hungarians, Bohemians, and Poles are present in lesser numbers. (In 1910, 1,549,008 people lived in Philadelphia).

• Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

In 1910, 393,469 were native born, 140,436 foreign born, and 191,483 of foreign or mixed parentage. The great industries of the Pittsburgh district draw this large alien population. The colored population in 1910 was 34,217, or 6.4% of a total population of 533,905.

• St. Louis, Missouri

From 1810, the date of the first Federal census, to 1880, the totals include with the city of Saint Louis the population of Saint Louis County, which in 1880 was separately enumerated at 31,888. The great growth between 1840 (35,979) and 1850 (104,978) had for one of its causes the German emigration following the revolutionary movement of 1848. This influence has been continuous. In 1910, 47,765 out of the total of 125,706 foreign-born residents of the city were natives of the German Empire. This was 38%, exclusive of Austrians of German race. In 1910, 11.3% of the foreign-born population was of Irish nativity, 4.1% of English, 12.3% of Russian, 6 of Italian, and 8.8 of Austrian. Although the total of foreign-born is comparatively small, the native population born of white foreign parents is 246,946, the native population born of native white parents being 269,836. The negro population was 43,960. (In 1910, 687,029 people lived in the city).

• San Francisco, California

In 1910, San Francisco had a population of 416,912, 50.3% of the population being native whites, 43.1% foreign-born whites, and 6.4% belonging to colored races. There were 24,137 Germans, 23,151 Irish, 9,815 English, 6,244 French, 4,641 Austrians, 10,582 Chinese, and 6,988 Japanese. The number of Chinese is diminishing, while the Japanese are increasing slowly or not at all. The Chinese are segregated in a quarter of their own, which has been rebuilt since the fire with almost, if not all, of its former charm and color, while Japanese colonies may be found in several parts of the city.

• United States

1920 census (Total population, 105,710,620)

White, 94,820,915

Native white, total, 81,108,161

Foreign-born white, 13,712,754

Negro, 10,463,131

Indian, 244,437

Chinese, 61,639

Japanese, 111,010

All other, 9,488

• Washington, D. C.

In 1915 the population of the district was 357,749; of whom 258,940 were white and 98,809 were colored.

[edit] Foreign-born by States in 1910

• New Hampshire The population per square mile in 1910 was 47.7. The State lost largely in the latter part of the nineteenth century through immigration to the Western States, but in recent years this outflow has been offset to a considerable extent by the increase in immigration of foreign-born population, particularly French Canadians. The urban population, i. e., that of places of 2500 or more, was, in 1910, 255,099, and the rural population, 175,473. The native whites of native parentage in that year were 230,231; the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 103,177; the foreign-born whites 96,558. Of the foreign-born whites the largest number came from Canada and Ireland. By sex the population was divided in 1910 into 216,290 males and 214,282 females. The males of voting age numbered 136,668.
• Utah In 1910 it ranked forty-first amongst the States in population. (Total: 373,351). The negro population numbered 1,444, the Indian 3,123, and the Japanese 2,110. The native whites numbered 303,190 and the foreign-born whites 63,393. Among the foreign born, the English were by far the most numerous; the Danes numbered 8,300, the Swedes, 7,227, and the Greeks 4,039.

[edit] Biographies of women

Several hundred brief biographies of little-known or mostly-forgotten women are included in this encyclopedia.

PARTIAL LISTING

• Annette Abbott Adams
• Isabella Macdonald Alden
• Fannie Fern Andrews
• Mary C. Ames
• Effie Bancroft
• Hannah O'Brien Chaplin
• Florence Converse
• Elaine Goodale
• Anna T. Jeanes
• Therese Malten
• Helen Reimensnyder Martin
• Pidal María Goyri de Menéndez
• Elizabeth Armstrong Reed
• Myrtle Reed
• Elizabeth Clementine Stedman
• Lillian M. N. Stevens
• Matilda Coxe Stevenson
• Sara Yorke Stevenson
• Anna Swanwick

[edit] Railroads

The names of many of the railroads which had existed early in the twentieth century are mentioned at thousands of place names.

EXAMPLES

• Toledo, Ohio - "It is the terminus of a number of railroads, among which are the Pennsylvania, the Hocking Valley, the Clover Leaf, the Pere Marquette, and the Grand Trunk. In all there are 17 railroads operating 22 divisions, 12 electric interurban, and five passenger steamship lines connecting with Detroit, Mackinaw, Duluth, and Chicago."
• River Rouge, Michigan - "... on the Detroit and Toledo Shore and the Michigan Central railroads."
• Albuquerque, New Mexico - "... on the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe and the Santa Fe and New Mexico Central railroads."
• Pocatello, Idaho - "... on the Oregon Short Line."
• Fairbanks, Alaska - The Tanana Valley Railroad, 45 miles (72 km) in length, connects it with Chena (pop., 138 in 1910), and with the principal mining camps.... Among the railway lines to be built by the United States, under the Act of Congress of April, 1914, the principal section is one from Chitina to Fairbanks, 313 miles (504 km), at a cost of $14,000,000.
• Saskatoon, Saskatchewan - "... on the Canadian Pacific, Canadian Northern, and Grand Trunk Pacific railroads...."
• Fredericton, New Brunswick - "... on the Canadian Pacific and the Intercolonial railroads ...."
• Salem, Oregon - "... on the Southern Pacific, the Oregon Pacific, and the Salem Falls City and Western railroads."
• Seattle, Washington - It is a terminal point for eight transcontinental railways, four of which (the Great Northern, Northern Pacific, Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, and the Union Pacific-Oregon-Washington) enter the city upon their own rails. Other railways have connections with these lines, while the Canadian Pacific and Grand Trunk make connection by water, the former also by rail. Two electric interurban lines and one short local railway, the Columbia and Puget Sound, also enter the city.
• Bakersfield, California - "... on the Southern Pacific and the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe railroads ..."
• California, Missouri - "... on the Missouri Pacific Railroad...."
• Central City, Colorado - "... on the Colorado and Southern Railroad ...."
• Chadron, Nebraska _ "... on the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad ...."
• Hammond, Louisiana - "... on the Illinois Central and the Yazoo and Mississippi Valley railroads."
• Fort Payne, Alabama - "... on the Alabama Great Southern Railroad."
• Key West, Florida - The city is on the Florida East Coast Railroad....
• Charlotte, North Carolina - "... on the Southern, the Piedmont and Northern, the Norfolk Southern, and the Seaboard Air-line railroads ...."
• Orrville, Ohio - "... on the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago, the Cleveland, Akron and Cincinnati, and the Wheeling and Lake Erie railroads."
• East Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania - "...on the Lehigh Valley, the Central of New Jersey, and the Mauch Chunk Switch Back (Look-see) railroads...."
• Allegheny, Pennsylvania - "...is the terminus of the Western Pennsylvania, the Pittsburgh and Western, and the Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh railroads; and is on the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago, the Cleveland and Pittsburgh, the Pittsburgh and Erie, and the Pittsburgh and Newcastle railroads, all of which belong to the Western Division of the Pennsylvania system."
• Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Pittsburgh annexed Allegheny, Pennsylvania in 1906-1911.) "...22 railroads, comprising the Pennsylvania System, New York Central lines, Baltimore and Ohio, Bessemer, the Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh, and the Wabash railroads." (A handful of freight yards existed including one in "..Sheridan for the Pan Handle lines....")

In 2005, the well-constructed, sturdy Pan Handle (Railroad) bridge is an important transit bridge which carries electric trolleys (streetcars) across the Monongahela river. It is the third-to-last bridge over that river before the river meets with the Allegheny to form the Ohio river.

• Uniontown, Pennsylvania - "...on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore and Ohio railroads."

[edit] Pony Express Fees

• At first the cost was $5.00 for a ½-ounce (15.55 gm) letter; later the charge was reduced to $2.50.
• Riders were paid $100 to $125 per month. Each rider was expected to cover 75 miles (121 km) a day.

The quickest trip was that made for the delivery of President Lincoln's inaugural address. About 1400 miles (2253 km) from St. Joseph, Mo. to Sacramento, Cal. being covered in 7 days and 17 hours. Mail passing through Panama required about 22 days.

The first pony express left on April 3, 1860. Eventually there were 190 stations, 200 station keepers, 200 assistant station keepers, 80 riders, and between 400 and 500 horses. The company ceased operations in October, 1861, on the completion of the line of the Pacific Telegraph Company.

[edit] Maps list of 172 maps (1926 edition, in colors)

• The World
• Afghanistan
• Africa, Physical Map
• Africa
• Alabama
• Alaska and the Klondike Region
• Alberta
• America, North, Physical Map
• America, South, Physical Map
• America, North
• America, South
• Antarctic Regions
• Arctic Regions
• Argentine Republic
• Arizona
• Arkansas
• Asia, Physical Map
• Asia
• Asia, Central
• Australia
• Austria-Hungary
• Balkan Peninsula
• Bavaria-German Empire
• Belgium
• Bermuda
• Boston and Vicinity
• Brazil
• British Columbia
• Burma
• California
• Canada
• Cape of Good Hope, Province of
• Central America
• Chicago
• Chile
• Chinese Republic
• Civil War in America
• Colombia
• Colorado
• Congo
• Connecticut
• Cuba
• Delaware
• Denmark
• East India Islands
• Egypt
• England
• Europe
• Europe, Physical Map
• Europe (At the time of Charlemagne)
• Europe (About 1500)
• Europe (At the time of Napoleon's greatest power, 1812)
• Europe (After the Congress of Vienna, 1815)
• Florida
• France, Northern
• France, Southern
• French Indo-China
• Geography, The World
• Geography, The Known World at Various Times
• Georgia
• German Empire
• Greece
• Greece, Ancient
• Guam
• Guiana
• Hawaii
• Hungary
• Idaho
• Illinois
• India
• Indiana
• International Date Line
• Iowa
• Ireland
• Italy
• Jamaica
• Japan
• Kansas
• Kentucky
• Korea
• London and Vicinity
• Louisiana
• Maine
• Manchuria and China
• Manitoba
• Maryland
• Massachusetts
• Mexico
• Michigan
• Minnesota
• Mississippi
• Missouri
• Montana
• Nebraska
• Netherlands
• Nevada
• New Brunswick
• Newfoundland
• New Hampshire
• New Jersey
• New Mexico
• New South Wales
• New York
• New York City (Greater New York) and Vicinity
• New Zealand, North Island
• New Zealand, South Island
• North Carolina
• North Dakota
• Northwest Territories
• Norway
• Nova Scotia
• Ocean Currents
• Ohio
• Oklahoma
• Ontario
• Oregon
• Palestine
• Panama Canal
• Paris
• Pennsylvania
• Persia
• Peru
• Philadelphia and Vicinity
• Philippine Islands
• Porto Rico
• Portugal
• Prussia
• Quebec
• Queensland
• Rainfall
• Rhode Island
• Roman Empire
• Russia
• Samoa
• Saskatchewan
• Scotland
• Siam
• South Australia
• South Australia, Northern Territory
• South Carolina
• South Dakota
• Spain
• Stars-Celestial Charts
• Sweden
• Switzerland
• Tasmania
• Tennessee
• Texas
• Transportation-Commercial Map of the World
• Transvaal
• Turkey in Europe
• Turkey in Asia
• United States, Eastern-Physical and Political
• United States, Western-Physical and Political
• Early Colonial Grants
• United States in 1789 and 1808
• United States in 1816
• United states in 1852
• United States, Showing Accessions of Territories
• Uruguay
• Utah
• Venezuela
• Vermont
• Victoria
• Virginia
• Wales
• Washington
• Western Australia
• West Indies
• West Virginia
• Wisconsin
• Wyoming