शेर्पा
From Wikipedia
शेर्पा जाति नेपालका उच्च हिमाली क्षेत्रका जातिगत समुह हुन्। शेर्पा शव्द तिब्बती भाषाको शार (पूर्व) र पा (मानिस) शव्दहरू मिलेर बनेको हो। शेर्पाहरू पूर्वी तिब्बतबाट नेपालमा पछिल्ला ५०० बर्षहरूमा बसाईँ सरेर आएका हुन्।
The term 'sherpa' (the preferred spelling with a lower case first letter) is also incorrectly used to refer to local people, typically men, employed as porters or guides for mountaineering expeditions in the Himalayas. They are highly regarded as experts in mountaineering and their local terrain, as well as having good physical endurance and resilience to high altitude conditions. However, a sherpa is not necessarily a member of the Sherpa ethnic group. A female sherpa is known as a "Sherpani".
विषयसूची |
[परिवर्तन्] Native territory
Most Sherpas live in the eastern regions of Nepal Solu, Khumbu or Pharak. However, some live farther west in the Rolwaling valley and in the Helambu region north of Kathmandu. Pangboche is the Sherpas' oldest village in Nepal, and is estimated to have been built over 300 years ago. Sherpas speak their own Sherpa language which in many ways resembles a dialect of Tibetan. They traditionally are traders and farmers, cultivating their high altitude fields of potatoes, barley, wheat and buckwheat. Some live near Namche Bazaar. The Jirels, native people of Jiri, are ethnically related to the Sherpas. It is said that the Jirels are descendants of a Sherpa mother and Sunuwar (another ethnic group of the eastern part of Nepal) father. In India, Sherpas also inhabit the towns of Darjeeling and Kalimpong and the Indian state of Sikkim. The 2001 Nepal Census recorded 154,622 Sherpas in that country, of which 92.83% were Buddhists, 6.26% were Hindus, 0.63% were Christians and 0.20% were Bon.
Traditionally (although not strictly followed), the names of Sherpa men often reflect the day of the week on which they were born:
| नेपाली | शेर्पा |
|---|---|
| आइतवार | ङिमा, (निमा पनि लेख्नेको पाईन्छ, जुन गलत हिज्जे हो) |
| सोमवार | दावा |
| मङगलवार | मिङमा |
| बुधवार | ल्हाक्पा |
| बिहिवार | फुर्बा |
| शुक्रवार | पासाङ |
| शनिवार | पेम्बा |
[परिवर्तन्] Sherpas and mountaineering
Sherpas were of immeasurable value to early explorers of the Himalayan region, serving as guides and porters at the extreme altitudes of the peaks and passes in the region. Today, the term has been extended to apply to almost any guide or porter hired for mountaineering expeditions in the Himalayas. However, in Nepal Sherpas often insist on making a distinction between themselves and general porters, as they often serve in a more guide-like role and command higher pay and respect from the community. (Often the generic term "sherpa" meaning guide is written uncapitalized, in contrast with the capitalized "Sherpa" meaning the ethnic group.)
Sherpas are renowned in the global climbing and mountaineering community for their hardiness, expertise, and experience at high altitudes. Despite the value of their services, the pay is insubstantial to the point where many cannot afford the modern climbing gear that Western climbers use. Many have speculated that a portion of Sherpas' climbing ability may be due to a genetically greater lung capacity, allowing much better performance at high altitudes. It has also been suggested that one reason why they were widely used as porters is that they had fewer dietary prohibitions than most people of the region and were prepared to eat whatever was given to them on expeditions.
[परिवर्तन्] Famous Sherpas
Historically, the most famous Sherpa is Tenzing Norgay, who climbed Mount Everest with Edmund Hillary for the first time in 1953.
Two Sherpas, Pemba Dorjie and Lhakpa Gelu, have recently competed as to who can climb Everest quicker. On May 23 2003 Dorjie summitted in 12 hours and 46 minutes. Three days later Gelu beat his record by two hours, summitting in 10 hours 46 minutes. On May 21 2004 Dorjie again improved the record by more than two hours with a total time of 8 hours and 10 minutes. This feat may be considered one of the greatest in mountaineering.
On May 19 2006, Appa Sherpa successfully climbed Mt. Everest for the 16th time, breaking his own record for most successful ascents.
[परिवर्तन्] See also
- Demographics of Nepal
- Tengboche
- Sirdar
