Olav V of Norway

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Olav V
King of Norway
Reign	September 21, 1957 – January 17, 1991
Coronation	June 22, 1958[1]
Full name	Olav, née Alexander Edward Christian Frederik
Titles	HM The King of Norway HRH The Crown Prince of Norway HH Prince Alexander of Denmark
Born	July 2, 1903
	Sandringham Estate, Norfolk
Died	January 17, 1991
	Holmenkollen, Oslo
Buried	Akershus Fortress, Oslo
Predecessor	Haakon VII
Successor	Harald V
Wife/wives	Princess Märtha of Sweden
Issue	Princess Ragnhild Princess Astrid Harald V
Royal House	House of Oldenburg (Glücksburg branch)
Royal anthem	Kongesangen
Father	Haakon VII
Mother	Maud of Wales

Olympic medal record
Sailing
Gold	1928 Amsterdam	Sailing 6m mixed

Olav V, King of Norway (July 2, 1903 – January 17, 1991) from 1957 to 1991. Born in the United Kingdom, the son of Prince Carl of Denmark and of Princess Maud, (daughter of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom), and given the names and title of Alexander Edward Christian Frederik, Prince of Denmark, he was given the name Olav when his father became King Haakon VII of Norway in 1905.

Olav was the first heir to the throne since medieval times to grow up in Norway. He graduated from the Norwegian Military Academy in 1924, and went on to study jurisprudence and economics at Balliol College, Oxford.

On March 21, 1929, he married his first cousin Princess Märtha of Sweden with whom he had one son, Harald, and two daughters, Ragnhild and Astrid. As exiles during World War II, Crown Princess Märtha and the royal children lived in Washington, D.C., where she struck up a close friendship with Franklin D. Roosevelt. She died in 1954, before her husband ascended the throne.

During World War II Olav stood by his father's side in resisting the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. When the government decided to go into exile he offered to stay behind with the Norwegian people. As crown prince he had received extensive military training and was respected by other allied leaders for his knowledge and leadership skills. He was appointed to the post of Norwegian Chief of Defence in 1944 and led the Norwegian disarmament of German occupying forces.

Succeeding to the Norwegian Throne in 1957 (upon the death of Haakon VII), Olav reigned as a "People's King", and became extremely popular. He liked to drive his own cars and would drive in the regular highway lanes though he was allowed to drive in the public transportation lane. During the 1973 energy crisis Norway banned car-driving on certain weekends, but the king, not wishing to miss an opportunity to go skiing outside Oslo, took the tram. When he tried to pay for his tickets, the conductor told him that people further back had already paid for him.^[2] A journalist once asked him if he was afraid to walk around unprotected, he answered, "Why should I be afraid? I have 4 million bodyguards!"—referring to the Norwegian people.

King Olav also was an accomplished athlete. He jumped from Holmenkollen ski jump in Oslo, and also competed in sailing regattas. He won a gold medal in the Soling class at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam and remained an active sailor into old age. For his athletic ability and role as king, King Olav V earned the Holmenkollen medal in 1968. He had a strong interest in military matters and took his role as titular commander-in-chief very seriously. As well as his ceremonial roles in the Norwegian Army, he also served as Colonel-in-Chief of the Green Howards (Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Yorkshire Regiment).

In 1961 the King was a laureate of the Nansen Refugee Award.

The night after he died (at the Royal Lodge, Kongsseteren) and for several days up until the state funeral, Norway saw a great demonstration of mourning as Norwegians lit hundreds of thousands of candles in the courtyard outside the Royal Castle in Oslo, with letters and cards placed amongst them. The National Archives have preserved all these cards.

He was nicknamed Folkekongen, or "The People's King."

Olav's son Harald V succeeded him as King.

A 180 000 km² area (Prince Olav Coast) and the Prince Olav Mountains in Antarctica are named in his honour.

In 2005, Olav was proclaimed the Norwegian of the century, with 41 percent of the votes.

Since 1989 he was the oldest living great-grandchild of Queen Victoria.

Contents 1 Controversy regarding his biological father 2 Titles from birth to death 3 References 4 External links

[edit] Controversy regarding his biological father

Norwegian Royalty
House of Oldenburg (Glücksburg branch)

Haakon VII Children    Crown Prince Olav Olav V Children    Crown Prince Harald    Princess Ragnhild    Princess Astrid Harald V Children    Princess Märtha Louise    Crown Prince Haakon Grandchildren    Princess Ingrid Alexandra    Prince Sverre Magnus

In 2004, biographer Tor Bomann-Larsen raised the possibility that Haakon VII might not have been the biological father of Olav. Bomann-Larsen provided non-conclusive evidence that Maud could have been made pregnant through artificial insemination with the semen of either her doctor, Francis Laking, or his son Guy Francis Laking. In addition to circumstantial evidence related to the whereabouts of Haakon (then Prince Carl) at the time of conception, Bomann-Larsen supported his hypothesis with photographs of Guy Laking which show a resemblance with Olav. [1]

In a press release from the Royal House it was stated that King Harald "has no information suggesting that King Olav is not the son of King Haakon".

In March 2005, historian Odd Arvid Storsveen at the University of Oslo published a highly critical review of Bomann-Larsen's book. Storsveen claims that there does not exist adequate sourcing for Bomann-Larsen's "hypothesis" that Olav wasn't the biological son of Haakon and is further extremely critical of the way Bomann-Larsen uses photographic resemblance as "proof". In September 2005 historian Bodil Katarina Nævdal, Ph.D. at the University of Uppsala published an academic review of Bomann-Larsen's hypothesis. She found the sources to be severely lacking and that there existed no doubt about King Haakon VII being Olav's biological father.

Even if Bomann-Larsen's theory were true, it would not have constitutional consequences for the royal house of Norway, in large part because the plebiscite that made Haakon king also included consideration of Olav's hereditary status. Furthermore, traditionally, the husband of a child's mother is considered to be legally its father so long as he acknowledges the child as his own.

Regarding his genealogical ancestry among earlier kings of Norway and other Scandinavian royals, him not being a blood son of Haakon VII actually changes very little. Olav was in any case a biological son of Maud (Haakon's own first cousin), who was daughter of Queen Alexandra, herself daughter of Louise of Hesse and Christian IX of Denmark. Louise and Christian both were descendants of Haakon V of Norway and of most Danish kings of Norway, such as Christian I of Norway, Frederick I of Norway, and Frederick III of Norway, up to Frederick V of Denmark. As biological son of Maud, Olav V is the great-great-grandnephew of the 1814 King Christian Frederick of Norway. The only significant Norwegian dynasty in that case not ancestors of Olav would be that of Haakon's mother Lovisa of Sweden, daughter of Charles IV of Norway and descendant of Bernadotte kings of Norway, i.e Charles III John of Norway and Oscar I of Norway.

However, regarding children of Olav and Märtha, they, as children of Haakon's niece Märtha, are all descendants of Haakon's parents, totally irrespective of whether Olav was Haakon's son or not. Märtha of Sweden, Crown Princess of Norway, was daughter of prince Carl of Sweden, duke of Westrogothia, and his wife princess Ingeborg of Denmark, who herself, a sister of Haakon, was daughter of Frederick VIII of Denmark and Lovisa of Sweden. Through that ancestry, those Bernadotte kings of Norway are in any case ancestors of Olav's son Harald, and of his two daughters, Ragnhild and Astrid, as well as of Harald's children, Crown Prince Haakon of Norway and Princess Märtha Louise of Norway.

[edit] Titles from birth to death

Here is a list of the styles King Olav bore from birth to death, in chronological order:

• His Highness Prince Alexander of Denmark
• His Royal Highness The Crown Prince of Norway
• His Majesty The King of Norway

Styles of King Olav V of Norway
Reference style	His Majesty
Spoken style	Your Majesty
Alternative style	Sir

[edit] References

1. ^ Coronation discarded by constitutional amendment in 1908. Olav V instead received the benediction in the Nidaros Cathedral.
2. ^ Article from NRK on the king Featuring a photo of the event and explanatory text (Norwegian). Retrieved 24 November 2006

[edit] External links

• Holmenkollen medalists - click Holmenkollmedaljen for downloadable pdf file (Norwegian)
• Official Website of the Norwegian Royal Family (Norwegian)
• The Royals – Regularly updated news coverage of the Norwegian royal family (Aftenposten)
• The Royal Norwegian Order of St Olav - H.M. King Olav V the former Grand Master of the Order

Preceded by Haakon VII

King of Norway 1957–1991

Succeeded by Harald V

Preceded by Wilhelm von Tangen Hansteen

Chief of Defence of Norway 1944–1945

Succeeded by Otto Ruge

Preceded by Toini Gustafsson & Ole Ellefsæter

Holmenkollen medal with Assar Rönnlund, Gjermund Eggen, & Bjørn Wirkola 1968

Succeeded by Odd Martinsen