Plymouth Valiant
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The Plymouth Valiant was an automobile manufactured by the Plymouth division of Chrysler Corporation in the United States from 1960 to 1976. It was created to give the company an entry in the compact car market which was emerging in the late 1950s. The vehicle was sold in Australia (and other export markets such as the United Kingdom, South Africa and New Zealand) as the Chrysler Valiant with local development up to 1981.
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[edit] 1960 - 1962
The Valiant appeared in 1960 as its own marque and was advertised as the Valiant by Chrysler Corp. For 1961, it was assigned to Plymouth, while Dodge's 1961 version was called the Lancer. The first generation Valiant and Lancer rode on a 106.5 in (2705 mm) wheelbase.
The Valiant was less mechanically radical than the competition from General Motors' Chevrolet Corvair, which had an air-cooled rear-mounted engine. It was considered more daring than the also-new Ford Falcon, however. The Falcon was totally conventional, while the Valiant boasted fairly radical styling and a new engine configuration, the famous Slant-6 engine, which had its cylinders inline but canted 30° to one side. This allowed a lower hoodline, a shorter overall engine (the water pump was now mounted alongside instead of up front), and efficient, long-branch individual-runner intake and exhaust manifolds. The 170 in³ engine gained a reputation for durability and dependability, partly due to the fact that the engine design was specifically engineered to support either an aluminum or a cast-iron block. Somewhat more than 50,000 die-cast aluminum versions of the larger 225 in³ version of the engine were produced between late 1961 and early 1963. With a "Hyper-Pak" dealer tuning kit, the Valiants were significantly faster and quicker than any of their competitors. Even European imports and V8 models were trounced by the Valiants at NASCAR's inaugural compact stock-car race at Daytona (FL). The eight Valiants entered in this race in 1960 placed 1st through 8th; after a repeat performance in 1961, NASCAR quietly cancelled the series.
The 1960 Valiant was also a Chrysler Engineering exhibition of their leadership in aluminum die-casting. While the aluminum slant-6 engine block wouldn't make it to production until 1961, the 1960 oil pump, water pump, new alternator, the Hyper-Pak intake manifold, automatic transmission case and extension, and a myriad small parts were all made of aluminum.
The Valiant platform was typical of Chrysler chassis design of the time. It used unit-body construction rather than body on frame. The front suspension consisted of unequal length control arms with torsion bars, while the rear suspension used a live axle supported by leaf springs. Chrysler kept this basic design for all subsequent Valiants, although they made significant changes to the components of the front suspension in 1962.
Chrysler marketed Valiants at both Dodge and Plymouth dealers in Canada from 1960 to 1966 as a stand alone product. The 1960 to 1962 Canadian Valiants were substantially similar to the American-made cars, except the trunklid had a by Chrysler instead of a Plymouth badge. There were minor differences in interior and exterior trim, and the alternator that had made its much-ballyhooed industry debut as standard equipment on the American-market 1960 Valiant remained an extra-cost option in Canada through 1962. A carburetor anti-frost system, engine block heater, battery warmer, electric car interior heater and other cold-climate items were available as factory and/or dealer-installed options, while air conditioning, which was first offered in the US 1961 models, was not made available North of the border until 1966. Some Canadian-made Auto-Lite (now Prestolite) electrical components were used in lieu of the Chrysler-built components installed on American-built cars. Chrysler Canada's Windsor, Ontario plant was also the source for left- and right-hand-drive export Valiants.
[edit] 1963 - 1966
The Valiant was totally reskinned for 1963, with a ½ in (13 mm) shorter 106 in (2692 mm) wheelbase. The new-design Valiant was offered as a 2-door sedan, hardtop or convertible, and as a 4-door sedan or station wagon. In addition, the Plymouth Barracuda, considered by some to be the first pony car, was a fastback-bodied Valiant introduced in 1964. The Dodge Lancer, which had been almost identical to the Valiants of 1961-1962, was replaced by Dart, a new application of the name from the larger intermediate-sized 1960-62 Dodge. The Dart line included all the same body configurations as the Valiant line, and all Darts except station wagons rode on a 111 in wheelbase, while the wagons used the Valiant's 106" wheelbase platform.
In 1964, Chrysler introduced an a new lightweight 273 in³ (4.5 L) V8 engine as an option for the Valiant and Barracuda. This compact V8 engine, the first in a series that would last until 2002, was specifically designed to fit in the A-body engine compartment. With a two barrel carburetor, the 273 engine made 180 horsepower (134) and 260 lbf·ft (353 N·m) of torque. A hotter version with 10.5:1 compression, 4-barrel carburetor, solid tappets and other modifications was also available, and produced 235 horsepower.
For 1963 and 1964, the Canadian Valiant used the US Dodge Dart body and 111 in. wheelbase with US Valiant front sheetmetal.
For 1965, Chrysler Canada sold both the 106 in (2692 mm) wheelbase Valiant and the 111 in (2819 mm) wheelbase Dart, all badged as Valiants, and all with the Dart dashboard.
For 1966, the shorter Valiant was dropped from the Canadian market, and all Valiants were rebadged US Darts. With the coming of the US-Canada Auto Pact of 1965, Chrysler could ship cars and parts both ways over the border and in 1967 began importing Plymouth Valiants and Dodge Darts from Detroit, as well as exporting Darts and Valiants from Windsor to the US.
The Barracuda was built in Canada in 1964 and 1965 and imported for 1966. But it was badged and sold as a Valiant Barracuda, not a Plymouth Barracuda. The imported 1966 Barracuda did not have Plymouth nameplates on the trunk as the American market version did. The 1965 Barracuda also used the Dart dashboard.
[edit] 1967 - 1973
The Valiant reached its greatest heights after a total redesign in 1967, with the wheelbase now 108 in (2743 mm). Most notably the wagon versions were dropped, and the Barracuda was spun off into its own line, which included hardtop and convertible variants.
This generation acquired an excellent mechanical reputation and produced such hot-selling variants as the 1970-1976 Plymouth Valiant Duster/Dodge Dart Swinger, 1971-1976 Plymouth Scamp and 1971-1972 Dodge Demon. There was a Dodge Demon for 1971 and 1972, and a Dodge Dart Sport from 1973 to 1976. Chrysler's ponycars, the Dodge Challenger and Plymouth Barracuda, used a modified version of the Valiant architecture.
With these cars Chrysler took 40% of the total American compact market in the early 1970s. They also enjoyed considerable success in foreign markets, where they were often assembled by Chrysler affiliates or subsidiaries. 1970 was also the first year that the successful 340 in³ V8 engine would be installed in a Valiant-badged car (the Duster 340).
This version of the Valiant would also achieve worldwide movie fame in the 1971 road rage thriller Duel, directed by the then unknown Steven Spielberg. A 1970 Plymouth Valiant was also featured prominently in Howard Stern's autobiographical 1997 movie Private Parts.
[edit] Australian Valiants; a different path emerges
It was also on this platform that the Australian Valiants began differing from their US counterparts, particularly with the VE series of 1967, the VF series of 1969 and the VG of 1970 (which featured the introduction of the HEMI 6), where the four-door sedan had a different, though related, bodyshell, more like the Dodge Dart of the time. Unlike the U.S., station-wagon and pick-up versions were also available, which were indigenous to Australia.
The Valiant VE was Wheels magazine's Car of the Year for 1967.
[edit] 1971 - 1973
The American Valiants were little changed for 1971 and 1972. There were minor engineering changes for convenience, driveability and compliance with emission regulations. Taillamps, exterior and interior trim were revised. An aggressive "shark tooth" grille was offered on the fastback Duster 340 and new-for-1971 Duster Twister models.
For 1973, all Valiant and Duster models were given a new grille that would carry through to the end of production in 1976. Front bumpers able to withstand without damage a 5mph impact were mandated by US Federal law; the resultant bumpers were much more massive than the 1972 and earlier items; their added mass and the heavier impact-absorbing telescopic mounts increased the Valiant's front-end weight.
[edit] 1974 - 1976
The Valiant was facelifted again in 1974 with the primary goal of cost-reduction; the sedan was transferred to the Dart's longer 111 in (2819 mm) wheelbase such that the only differences between the Valiant and Dart were minor cosmetics. For 1974, the 1973 grille was retained, but the front bumper's rubber bumperettes were replaced with chrome bumperettes, and an arch was added to the topside of the rear doors (sedan models) or the quarter panel under the window (hardtop models) (compare the shape of the back doors in the photo examples provided). 1973's US Federal bumper standards requiring front bumpers to survive a 5mph impact were extended to rear bumpers for 1974. As a result, Valiant rear bumpers and their new impact-absorbing mount systems grew much more massive and heavier, utilizing a rubber-booted telescoping system where they attached to the car's structure.
1974 also saw the introduction of the Valiant Brougham and its twin, the Dodge Dart Special Edition. Available with two or four doors, they were a compact luxury version of the Valiant/Dart and were designed to provide an attractive oil-crisis alternative to larger luxury cars. There had been no two-door equivalent to the Valiant sedan since 1969; the Duster and the Scamp taking over that market segment.
These cars were differentiated from the regular Valiant and Dart by generous chrome trim, a vinyl top, deep cut-pile carpeting, velour cloth upholstery, interior door padding, and a scripted "Brougham" logo ("Special Edition" on the Darts). Much of the optional equipment on the more basic cars became standard equipment on the Brougham/SE models. Color-keyed, or Simulated Wire wheelcovers and a special, limited selection of paint/vinyl combinations also characterized the upmarket models. Power Steering, Power Disc Brakes, and TorqueFlite automatic transmissions were standard; engine options were the 225 in³ Slant-6 (3.7 L) and the 318 in³ (5.2 L) 2-barrel carbureted small-block V8. Air Conditioning, Cruise Control, Electric Rear Window Defroster and AM/FM radio were some of the options that could be selected on the Brougham/SE. The Brougham/SE cars were available to the end of Valiant and Dart production.
1975 models were carryovers from 1974 in virtually every respect, except that California and certain high-altitude models received catalytic converters and required unleaded gasoline. The grille of the Plymouth models was restyled somewhat.
In 1976, the somewhat larger F-body cars were introduced as Plymouth Volaré and Dodge Aspen. Unfortunately, these did not maintain their predecessors' reputation for quality; in fact, they reversed it. These replaced the Valiant (and Dart) which were discontinued in the middle of the 1976 model year. The change hurt Chrysler's reputation and profitability, contributing to its near-bankruptcy in 1979-80. While the grille itself was a 1975 carryover, 1976 Plymouth derivates of the Valiant can be identified by amber parking lights between the headlights; previous models used clear lenses with amber colored bulbs (GE #1157NA).
[edit] Australia (1971–81)
While generally following the progress of the American Valiant throughout the 1960s, Chrysler Australia became increasingly dissatified with the car's styling direction, which was becoming more box-like with each facelift. The result was that for the 1970s, Chrysler Australia developed the whole car locally, particularly from the 1971 VH model. Production continued through the CM model (released in 1979) which production ended in 1981.
[edit] Valiant in popular culture
- Nirvana's frontman Kurt Cobain drove a Plymouth Valiant until his death in 1994.
- In Duel, one of Steven Spielberg's first films, a Valiant was chased by a truck.
- In Private Parts by Howard Stern, Stern drove a 1970 Valiant. The Valiant was frequently shown in the film.
- In Everybody Loves Raymond, a Valiant is the car where Raymond first got "lucky".
[edit] References
- Motor Vehicle Data Book, Sanford-Evans Communications, Ltd., Winnipeg, MB : Published annually, 1948 to date
- Valiant sales literature, Chrysler Canada Limited, 1960 to 1966.
[edit] External links
- The Early Valiant & Barracuda Club (EVBC) - Club for early Valiants (1960-'66) and Barracudas (1964-'66)
- Valiant enthusiast page
- Valiant virtual museum
- Plymouth Scamp page
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| Historic: | |
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| Plymouth road car timeline, 1970s-2000s, North American market | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Subcompact | Cricket | Horizon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TC3 | Turismo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Compact | Arrow | Sundance | Neon | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Mid-size | Caravelle | Acclaim | Breeze | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Satellite | Fury | Gran Fury | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full-size | Fury | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gran Fury | Gran Fury | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sports | Duster | Sapporo | Laser | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Road Runner | Conquest | Prowler | Prowler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| SUV | Trailduster | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pickup | Arrow Truck | Scamp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Minivan | Voyager/Grand Voyager | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Van | Voyager | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
