Portland Head Light
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 The sun reflects off of Portland Head Light on a bright winter day. |
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| Location: | Cape Elizabeth, Maine |
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| Coordinates WGS-84 (GPS) |
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| Foundation: | Natural emplaced |
| Construction: | Rubble stone with brick lining |
| Year first lit: | 1791 |
| Automated: | 1989 |
| Tower shape: | conical |
| Markings/Pattern: | White with black trim |
| Height: | 30.8 m (101 feet) |
| Original lens: | Fourth order Fresnel lens, 1855 |
| Range: | 24 nm |
| Characteristic: | Flashing white 4s. Lighted throughout 24 hours. Emergency light of reduced intensity when main light is extinguished. HORN: 1 blast ev 15s (2s bl). |
Portland Head Light Station is a lighthouse located in Cape Elizabeth, Maine. Some people claim it the "Most photographed lighthouse in North America."[1][2]
[edit] History
Construction began in 1787 at the directive of George Washington, and was completed on January 10, 1791. Whale oil lamps were originally used for illumination. In 1855 a fourth-order Fresnel lens was installed; that was replaced by a second-order Fresnel lens in 1864. That lens was replaced with an autobeacon in 1958.
In 1787, while Maine was still part of the colony of Massachusetts, George Washington engaged two masons from the town of Portland, Jonathan Bryant and John Nichols, and instructed them to take charge of the construction of a lighthouse on Portland Head. Washington reminded them that the colonial government was poor and that the materials used to build the lighthouse should be taken from the fields and shores. They could be handled nicely when hauled by oxen on a drag, he said.
The old tower, built of rubblestone, still stands as one of the four colonial lighthouses that have never been rebuilt. Washington gave the masons four years to build the tower. While it was under construction, the federal government was formed (in 1789) and it looked for a while as though the lighthouse would not be finished. The first congress made an appropriation and authorized Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, to inform the mechanics that they could go on with the completion of the tower. The tower was completed during the year 1790 and first lighted January 10, 1791.
During the American Civil War, raids on shipping in and out of Portland Harbor became commonplace, and because of the necessity for ships at sea to sight Portland Head Light as soon as possible, the tower was raised eight feet. Today, Portland Head Light stands 80 feet above ground and 101 feet above water, its white conical tower being connected with a dwelling. The 200,000 candlepower, second-order electric light, is visible from 16 miles away. [3]
[edit] Keepers
Joseph K. Greenleaf (1791-1796)
David Duncan (1796)
Barzillai Delano (1796-1820)
Joshua Freeman (1820-1840)
Richard Lee (1840-1849)
John F. Watts (1849-1853)
John W. Coolidge (1853-1854)
James S. Williams (1854)
James Delano (1854-1861)
Elder M. Jordan (1861-1869)
Joshua F. Strout (1869-1904)
Joseph W. Strout (1904-1928)
John W. Cameron (1928-1929)
Frank. O. Hilt (1929-1944)
Robert Thayer Sterling, assistant then keeper (1928-1946)
William L. Lockhart (Coast Guard 1946-1950)
William T. Burns (Coast Guard, 1944-c.1952)
Earle E. Benson (Coast Guard, 1951-?)
Robert Allen (Coast Guard, c. 1972)
Kenneth A. Perry (Coast Guard, ?) [4]
 Whistle House |
 Old Lens |
[edit] References
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