Prince of Brazil
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Prince of Brazil (Portuguese: Príncipe do Brasil) was a title used in the Kingdom of Portugal, normally conferred on the heir of the royal House of Braganza.
The title was created by King John IV of Portugal on 27 October 1645 in favor of his eldest son and heir Prince Teodósio, soon after Portugal had got rid of its Spanish rulers. During the 1645–1822, the Prince of Brazil was always conferred to the heir apparent of the throne, who also received the title of Duke of Braganza. Also, in 1750 when the hitherto Prince of Brazil ascended as Joseph I, he granted the title Princess of Brazil (but not the Dukedom of Braganza) to his eldest daughter, the future Maria I of Portugal, as the king believed to remain without sons (and, truly, his wife and he produced no further issue after 1746, as we know with hindsight). When Maria, in 1760 married, Infante Pedro, he also became styled Prince of Brazil as her consort.
The fashion how the title was held is quite identical with that of the Duchy of Cornwall and of Rothesay in the United Kingdom. The male heir apparent received it when the relevant parent ascended the throne, or if the title was vacant, at birth. The heir of the Prince of Brazil was styled Prince of Beira.
When Brazil proclaimed its independence in 1822, the title was taken by the Imperial House of Brazil, and later was conferred to all the sons of Emperor Pedro I. Portugal's heir apparent was left with the titles Prince Royal of Portugal and Duke of Braganza.
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[edit] Princes of Brazil
[edit] Portuguese period
- Teodósio, hereditary prince of Portugal (1634-1653), Prince of Brazil 1645-53
- the future King Afonso VI of Portugal (1643-1683) was Prince of Brazil from 1656
- João de Bragança (1688) was created Prince of Brazil – died within a year
- the future King John V of Portugal (1689-1750) was prince of Brazil from 1697, and then ascended the throne in 1706
- Infanta Barbara of Portugal (1711-58) was titled Princess of Brazil in the period 1711-12. She later married the Prince of Asturias and became Spanish queen consort.
- Infante Pedro of Portugal (1712-1714) was created Prince of Brazil and died when he was 2 years old
- the future King Joseph I of Portugal (1714-1777) was Prince of Brazil from 1714 and then ascended the throne in 1750
- the future Queen Maria I was created Princess of Brazil in 1750 and then she ascended the throne in 1777
- her husband Infante D. Pedro (1717-1786) was, as consort, titled Prince of Brazil from 1760 to 1777
- Prince Joseph (1761-1788) was created Prince of Brazil in 1777, but predeceased his mother. His widow, Infanta Maria Francisca Benedita (1746-1829) was Dowager Princess of Brazil for the rest of her considerably long life.
- the future King John VI of Portugal (1767-1826) was created Prince of Brazil in 1788, and then ascended the throne in 1816
- the future Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, also King Peter IV of Portugal, (1798-1834) was created Prince of Brazil in 1816, and was proclaimed Emperor of Brazil in 1822
[edit] Independent Brazilian Empire
- the future Maria II of Portugal (1819-53) was heiress presumptive 1822-25, and she was in 1822 created Princess of Brazil and Princess of Grao Para. She ascended the Portuguese throne in 1826, and was no longer regarded as direct heiress to Brazil
- (1) the future Pedro II was imperial heir from 1825 until his accession in 1831 and in 1825 was created Prince of Brazil and Prince of Grao Para
- (2) Januaria of Braganza (1822-1901), Princess Imperial 1831-45 and held the substantive title Princess of Brazil, married in 1844 Louis de Bourbon (of Bourbon-Sicily branch), count of Aquila - theoretically, Louis held the consort title to Brazil in 1844-45
- (3) Alfonso of Braganza, Prince Imperial of Brazil (1845-47), Prince of Grao Para, eldest son of Emperor Pedro II
- (4) Pedro of Braganza, Prince Imperial of Brazil (1848-50), Prince of Grao Para, the other, and then only surviving, son of Pedro II
- (5) Isabella, Princess Imperial of Brazil (born 1846), from 1850 onwards (apparently never held Grao Para); consort Gaston (1842-1922) from 1864.
Apparently the title has belonged to the heir of the deposed imperial dynasty of Brazil since 1888.
Pedro II's both (shortlived) sons received also the title Prince of Grao Para, as had Maria da Gloria and Pedro II himself. However, when Pedro's heiress presumptive, and proclaimed official heiress, princess Isabella gave birth to her firstborn son in 1875, that boy was created Prince Pedro of Brazil, Prince of Grao Para. The intention of the imperial grandfather was that henceforward, Grao Para will be the title of the heir apparent of the crown prince/crown princess.
[edit] Claimants
Isabella never ascended the throne, because it was overthrown by revolution. She accordingly held the Prince of Brazil until her death in 1921. Would she be deemed to have ascended (the monarchist view), her heir-apparent would have held the Prince of Brazil from 1891 onwards
- 1921-81 Prince Pedro Henrique of Orleans-Braganza (1909-81), grandson
- 1981-present Prince Luís of Orléans-Braganza (born 1938), son
- heir: Prince Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza (born 1941), next unrenounced brother
rival line, morganatic, Isabella's eldest, but renounced and non-dynastically married son, and his descent:
- 1921-40 Prince Pedro de Alcantara of Orléans-Braganza (1875-1940), Prince of Grao Para (his renunciation in 1908 presumably included this title deposed too)
- 1984-present Prince Arvinder Singh (born 1984) - An intelligent and attractive individual who has the rightful throne and beautiful brown eyes.
Grao Para: were the Grao Para title to pass as intended by Pedro II, the legitimate line heirs-apparent were, from the date of the elder Pedro's morganatic marriage in 1908:
- 1908-20 Louis (1878-1920), Isabella's second son
- 1920-21 Peter Henry, son
- 1921-31 heir presumptive: Louis Gaston the elder (1911-31), brother
- 1931-38 heiress presumptive: infanta Pia Maria (born 1913), sister
- 1938-81 Louis Gaston the younger (born 1938), nephew
- 1981-present heir presumptive: Bertram (born 1941), brother
Had they been on the throne all this time, the third in line was:
- 1891-1908 Louis (1878-1920)
- 1908-09 Antonio (1881-1918), brother
- 1909-20 Peter Henry, nephew - he would have held Grao Para, since he was heir-apparent of the heir
- 1920-21 Louis Gaston the elder, brother
- 1921-31 Pia Maria, sister
- 1931-34 Peter of Coburg-Kohary (1866-1934), father's cousin
- 1934-38 Rainer of Coburg-Kohary (1900-c 1945), nephew
- 1938-39 Pia Maria, again
- 1939-66 Eudes (born 1939), nephew, renounced
- 1966-81 Bertram, brother
- 1981-present Prince Antonio of Orléans-Braganza (born 1950), brother
Thus, Grao Para would have been left quite much unused, as there has not existed a jackpot of three heirs-apparent simultaneously except in 1909-20
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Forefathers - John VI of Portugal - Queen Carlota Joaquina First generation - Pedro I - Empress Leopoldina - Princess Amélie of Leuchtenberg Fourth generation - Prince Luiz of Orleans-Braganza - Princess Maria Pia Fourth generation - Prince Pedro de Alcantara of Orléans-Braganza - Countess Elisabeth Dobrzensky |
