Maria I of Portugal

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Maria I of Portugal.

Portuguese Royalty House of Braganza John IV Children include    Teodósio, Prince of Brazil    Joana, Princess of Beira    Infanta Catarina, Queen of England    Afonso, Prince of Brazil (future Afonso VI)    Infante Pedro, Duke of Beja (future Peter II) Afonso VI Peter II Children include    Isabel Luísa, Princess of Beira    João, Prince of Brazil (future John V)    Infante Francisco, Duke of Beja    Infante António    Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém    Infanta Francisca Josefa    Luísa, Duchess of Cadaval (natural daughter)    José, Archbishop of Braga (natural son) John V Children include    Infanta Maria Bárbara, Queen of Spain    José, Prince of Brazil (future Joseph I)    Pedro, Prince of Brazil (future Peter III) Joseph I Children include    Maria Francisca, Princess of Beira (future Maria I)    Infanta Maria Ana Francisca Josefa    Infanta Maria Francisca Doroteia     Benedita, Dowager Princess of Brazil Maria I and Peter III Children include    José, Prince of Brazil    João, Prince of Brazil (future John VI)    Infanta Mariana John VI Children include    Maria Teresa, Princess of Beira    Infanta Maria Isabel, Queen of Spain    Infante Pedro, Prince of Brazil (future Pedro IV (I of Brazil)    Infanta Maria Francisca, Countess of Molina    Infanta Isabel Maria    Infante Miguel, Duke of Braganza (future Miguel I)    Infanta Maria da Assunção    Infanta Ana de Jesus Maria, Duchess of Loulé Pedro IV (I of Brazil) Children include    Infanta Maria da Glória, Duchess of Porto (future Maria II)    Januária, Princess Imperial of Brazil    Princess Francisca, Princess de Joinville    Prince Peter (Pedro II of Brazil) Michael I Children include    Infanta Maria das Neves, Duchess of San Jaime    Miguel II, Duke of Braganza    Infanta Teresa, Archduchess of Austria    Infanta Maria Josefa, Duchess in Bavaria    Infanta Adelgundes, Duchess of Guimarães, Countess di Bardi    Infanta Maria Ana, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg    Infanta Maria Antónia, Duchess of Parma Grandchildren include    Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza Great-Grandchildren include    Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza Maria II and Ferdinand II Children include    Pedro, Prince Royal of Portugal, Duke of Braganza (future Pedro V)    Infante Luís, Duke of Porto (future Luís I)    Infante João, Duke of Beja    Infanta Maria Ana    Infanta Antónia, Princess of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen    Infante Augusto, Duke of Coimbra Grandchildren include    Carlos, Prince Royal of Portugal, Duke of Braganza (future Carlos I) Great-grandchildren include    Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal, Duke of Braganza    Infante Manuel, Duke of Beja (future Manuel II)

Maria I of Portugal (pron. IPA [mɐ'ɾiɐ fɾɐ̃'siʃkɐ]), (Portuguese full name: Maria Francisca Isabel Josefa Antónia Gertrudes Rita Joana), the Pious (Port. a Piedosa) - (Lisbon December 17, 1734 – Rio de Janeiro March 20, 1816) was the daughter of King Joseph I of Portugal, the eldest of four daughters. Her mother Marianne Victoria of Borbón was daughter of Philip V of Spain and Elizabeth Farnese.

At the day of her birth, her grandfather, king John V of Portugal, created her the Princess of Beira.

When her father, Joseph I, succeeded to the throne in 1750, Maria was declared his heiress and the next monarch. She was given the crown-princely title Princess of Brazil, but not the duchy of Bragança.

She married her father's younger brother, Peter III, on June 6, 1760. In 1777, she became the first Queen regnant of Portugal, and Algarves, and the 26th (or 27th according to some historians ^{[attribution needed]}) Portuguese monarch. Later in life her royal title would become Queen of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves.

Her first act as queen was to dismiss the unpopular prime minister, the Marquis of Pombal, following the brutal treatment given to the Távoras in the Tavora affair. Noteworthy events of this period were Portugal's membership of the League of Armed Neutrality (July 1782) and the 1781 cession of Delagoa Bay from Austria to Portugal. In 1801 the Spanish dictator Manuel de Godoy invaded Portugal with backing from Napoleon, but was forced to abandon the campaign in the same year. However the Treaty of Badajoz on June 6, 1801 forced Portugal to cede Olivenza and part of Guyana to Spain.

Queen Maria I and King Pedro III

Queen Mary suffered from religious mania and melancholia. It made her incapable of handling state affairs after 1799 and so her son Prince John became regent. The refusal of his government to join the Continental Blockade of Britain culminated in the 1807 Franco-Spanish invasion led by General Junot. The Braganza dynasty fled to Brazil on November 13, 1807, and Junot was appointed governor of the kingdom pending Napoleon's decision on its ultimate fate. On August 1, 1808, the British General Arthur Wellesley (later Duke of Wellington) landed a British army in Lisbon and thus commenced the Peninsular War. Wellesley's initial victory over Junot at Vimeiro (August 21, 1808) was wiped out by his superiors in the Convention of Cintra (August 30, 1808). Nevertheless, Wellesley (now Lord Wellington) returned to Portugal on April 22, 1809 to recommence the campaign. Portuguese forces under British command distinguished themselves in the defence of the lines of Torres Vedras (1809-1810) and in the subsequent invasion of Spain and France. In 1815, the regency government elevated Brazil as kingdom, and Maria I was proclaimed the Queen of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves. When Napoleon was finally defeated in 1815, Maria and her family were still in Brazil. The aged Queen died at Rio de Janeiro in 1816 and the Prince Regent succeeded her as King John VI of Portugal and Brazil.

[edit] Ancestors

Maria's ancestors in three generations

Maria I of Portugal	Father: Joseph I of Portugal	Father's father: John V of Portugal	Father's father's father: Peter II of Portugal
			Father's father's mother: Maria Sophia of Neuburg
		Father's mother: Mary Anne of Austria	Father's mother's father: Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
			Father's mother's mother: Eleonore-Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg
	Mother: Mariana Victoria of Spain	Mother's father: Philip V of Spain	Mother's father's father: Louis, le Grand Dauphin
			Mother's father's mother: Maria Anna of Bavaria
		Mother's mother: Elisabeth of Parma	Mother's mother's father: Odoardo, Crown Prince of Parma
			Mother's mother's mother: Isabel of Modena

[edit] Marriages and descendants

Maria married her uncle, Prince Peter of Portugal, who when she was crowned Queen regnant automatically became King consort Peter III of Portugal, because a child had already been born from the marriage.

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
By Peter III of Portugal (July 5, 1717-May 25, 1786; married on June 6, 1760)
Prince Joseph	August 20, 1761	September 11, 1788	Titled Prince of Beira (1761-1777) and Prince of Brazil (1777-1788). Married his aunt Maria Francisca Benedita, Infanta of Portugal, but had no issue.
Infante João Francisco	September 16 1763	October 10 1763
Infanta Maria Isabel	December 23, 1766	January 14 1777
Prince John Maria	May 13, 1767	March 26, 1826	Titled Prince of Brazil from 1788 until he succeeded Maria as the 27th (or 28th according to some historians) King of Portugal.
Infanta Mariana	December 15, 1768	November 2, 1788	Married Gabriel, prince of Spain, son of Charles III.
Infanta Maria Clementina	June 9 1774	June 27 1776

See also: List of Portuguese monarchs

House of Braganza Cadet Branch of the House of Aviz Born: 17 December 1734 Died: 20 March 1816
Preceded by Joseph I	Queen of Portugal 1777–1816 nominally with Peter III, King-Consort (1777–1786)	Succeeded by John VI

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org../../../m/a/r/Maria_I_of_Portugal_9d96.html"

Categories: Wikipedia articles needing factual verification | 1734 births | 1816 deaths | Brazilian monarchs | Portuguese monarchs | Dukes of Braganza | Queens regnant | Roman Catholic monarchs

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