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Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
Princess of Wales, later Dowager
Portrait by Charles Philips, 1736
Titles HRH The Dowager Princess of Wales
HRH The Princess of Wales
HSH Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
Born November 30, 1719
Gotha, Germany
Died February 8, 1772
Carlton House, London
Buried Westminster Abbey, London
Consort to Frederick, Prince of Wales
Issue Princess Augusta Charlotte of Wales
George III
Edward, Duke of York
Princess Elizabeth Caroline of Wales
William, Duke of Gloucester
Henry, Duke of Cumberland
Princess Louisa Anne of Wales
Prince Frederick William of Wales
Caroline Matilda of Wales
Royal House House of Hanover
House of Saxe-Coburg-Altenburg
Father Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
Mother Magdalene Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst

Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (November 30, 1719February 8, 1772) was Princess of Wales from April 17, 1736 to March 31, 1751 and Dowager Princess of Wales thereafter. She was one of only three holders of the title who never became queen. Princess Augusta's eldest son succeeded as George III of Great Britain in 1760 as her husband, Frederick, Prince of Wales had died eight years earlier.

Contents

[edit] Life

Princess Augusta was born in Gotha to Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1676-1732) and Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst (1676-1740). Her paternal grandfather was Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, eldest surviving son of Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Altenburg.

At age 16 and speaking virtually no English, she arrived in Great Britain for a wedding ceremony which took place almost immediately, on April 17, 1736, at the Chapel Royal in St James's Palace, London. Despite a twelve-year age difference, the marriage seems to have been a happy one. They had nine children, the last born after Frederick's death. The birth of their first daughter, Princess Augusta Charlotte of Wales, on August 31, 1737, took place at St James's after Princess Augusta was forced by Frederick to travel from Hampton Court Palace while in labour, simply to prevent his hated parents, King George II and Queen Caroline, from being present at the birth.

Throughout their marriage, Princess Augusta went along with her husband's wishes in the feud with his parents. Following the Prince of Wales' death, her role as mother of the heir-apparent to the throne became a more important one, and she was named prospective regent, which caused a political controversy. Shortly afterwards, she began to be influenced by John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, her son's tutor, and rumours spread that they were having an affair. This was due to her being adamant that Bute was visiting her, and not her son, during his back door visits to tutor the prince. Both were pilloried in the press. Even after George III's accession, Princess Augusta suffered widespread hostility from the public. After she died of cancer of the throat at age 52 at Carlton House, her funeral procession attracted troublemakers who followed the coffin to the grave shouting insults.

The city of Augusta, Georgia was named in her honour.

[edit] Kew Gardens

Princess Augusta enlarged and greatly extended Kew Gardens after her husband's death. Sir William Chambers built several garden structures for her. One of these, the lofty Chinese pagoda built in 1761, still remains.[1]

[edit] Titles, Styles, Honours & Arms

[edit] Titles

  • 1719-1736: Her Serene Highness Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Duchess in Saxony
  • 1736-1751: Her Royal Highness The Princess of Wales
  • 1751-1772: Her Royal Highness The Dowager Princess of Wales

[edit] Issue

Name Birth Death Notes
HRH Princess Augusta Charlotte of Wales 31 August 1737 31 March 1813 married 1764, Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick; had issue
HM George III 4 June 1738 29 January 1820 married 1761, Charlotte-Sophia, Duchess of Mecklenburg; had issue
HRH Edward, Duke of York 14 March 1739 17 September 1767  
HRH Princess Elizabeth Caroline of Wales 30 December 1740 4 September 1759  
HRH William, Duke of Gloucester 14 November 1743 25 August 1805 married 1766, Maria Walpole, Countess of Waldegrave; had issue
HRH Henry, Duke of Cumberland 27 November 1745 18 September 1790 (an alleged marriage to Olive Wilmot in 1767 did not occur)
married 1771, The Hon. Lady Anne Luttrell; no issue
HRH Princess Louisa Anne of Wales 8 March 1749 13 May 1768  
HRH Prince Frederick William of Wales 13 May 1750 29 December 1765  
HRH Princess Caroline Matilda of Wales 11 July 1751 10 May 1775 married 1766, Christian VII, King of Denmark, had issue

[edit] External links

[edit] References

  1. ^ Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Augusta, Princess of Wales. Retrieved October 6, 2005.
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