Radeon
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Radeon is a brand of graphics processing units (GPU) that has been manufactured by ATI Technologies since 2000 and the successor to their Rage line. There are four different groups, which can be differentiated by the DirectX generation they support. More specific distinctions can also be followed, such as the HyperZ version, the number of pixel pipelines, and of course, the memory and processor clock speeds.
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[edit] Radeon Processor Generations
[edit] DirectX 7.0 - OpenGL 1.3
- R100: was ATI's first graphics processor with full DirectX 7 capability, introduced in 2000. R100 brought with it large gains in bandwidth and fillrate efficiency through the new HyperZ technology. Initial models included Radeon SDR, DDR and 7000 and the final model was the Radeon 7500.
[edit] DirectX 8.1 - OpenGL 1.4
- R200: ATI's second generation Radeon design, this time with programmable shader technology. R200 supported the most flexible pre-2.0 shader model, pixel shader 1.4. Initially released as Radeon 8500, the generation ended with Radeon 9250.
[edit] DirectX 9.0 - OpenGL 2.0
- R300: ATI's breakthrough DirectX 9.0 technology, released in 2002, made ATI the technology leader for several years with its industry leading pixel shading performance. Initial release was Radeon 9500/9700, and continued with X300, X550 and X600 cards. Recently re-released as the X1050 for MS-Vista (which bends the product naming scheme).
[edit] DirectX 9.0b - OpenGL 2.0
- R420: Added DirectX 9.0b features, including an evolutionary step in programmability with Shader Model 2b. After testing the 130 nm Low-k wafers with Radeon 9600XT, ATI made use of this advanced fabrication process for R420 in May 2004. Known as Radeon X700, 9800, X800 and X850.
[edit] DirectX 9.0c - OpenGL 2.0
- R520: ATI's DirectX 9.0c series of graphics cards, with Shader Model 3.0 support. Launched in October 2005, this series brought a number of enhancements including the floating point render target technology necessary for high dynamic range rendering with anti-aliasing. This includes X1300, X1600, X1800, X1900, and X1950.
[edit] Direct3D 10.1 - OpenGL 2.0
- R600: ATI's first series of GPUs supporting the Direct3D 10.1 specification and the second commercial desktop graphics solution that employs unified shader technology. Many rumors about this chip are floating around on the Internet, but ATI has neither confirmed nor denied most of these rumors. (Rumored to be desktop: X2300 X2600, X2900 and mobile: X2100, X2300, X2600 rumored to be coming end of April 2007)
[edit] Product naming scheme
Since ATI's first DirectX 9-class GPU, the company has followed a naming scheme that relates each product to a market segment.
| Product Category | Card Name (* denotes wildcard) | Usual Suffix | Example Product |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enthusiast (high-end) | **9**
**8** |
XTX, XT, XT PE, Pro, GTO | 9800, X800, X1950 |
| Mainstream | **7**
**6** **5** |
Pro, SE, XT | 9700, X700, X1600 |
| Budget/Value | **4**
**3** |
SE, Hypermemory | 9000, X300, X1400 |
Suffix indicate different layers of performance. See ATI Video Card Suffixes.
[edit] Drivers
[edit] Windows
ATI's Windows Radeon driver package is called CATALYST. The CATALYST software was instituted after the release of the Radeon 8500, as a marketing effort to match nVidia's universal Detonator driver packages. This new driver development paradigm at ATI promised monthly driver updates which included performance enhancements, bug fixes, and new features. As of 2006, the CATALYST driver package typically included ATI's CATALYST Control Center; an interface for manipulating many of the hardware's functions within Windows XP, such as 3D settings, monitor controls, video options, among other things. It also offered a small 3D preview, allowing the user to see how changes to the graphics settings affected the quality of the rendered image. The old control panel interface (within Windows' Display Properties) was previously a fall-back option, but that has been discontinued as of CATALYST 5.13. The CATALYST package can be downloaded in pieces as well, for non-broadband users. For example, the display driver can be downloaded alone, separated from the CATALYST Control Center and WDM VIVO drivers. The day that Microsoft Vista launched, ATI provided a Microsoft certified Catalyst driver referenced as Catalyst 7.1
There are also unofficial drivers available such as the Omega drivers, claiming to boost performance when compared to the official Catalyst. These drivers typically consist of mixtures of various driver file versions with some registry variables altered and potentially offer superior performance or quality. They are, of course, unsupported, and as such are not guaranteed to function correctly or quantitatively improve functionality (placebo effect). Some of them also provide modified or patched dll files for hardware enthusiasts to modify their cards (as 9500non-pro and 9500Pro use the same chips, and 9800SE and 9800 use the same chips, some of them can be modified by activating all 8 pixel pipelines).
[edit] Windows XP Professional X64
ATI has yet to produce mobile 64 bit drivers for the Windows XP X64 Professional operating system. This may be due to a number of factors - for one, the number of mobile 64-bit processors is rather limited - Turion 64 and Intel Core 2 are both fairly recent processors, and are among the first 64-bit mobile processors. Another factor is that most people use the 32-bit version of Windows XP, due not only to video card driver issues, but other driver compatibility issues as well. Nonetheless, it is possible to obtain a proper driver for this type of setup. In order to do so, one requires the use of an unsupported application: ModtoolV4 which can be found here. ModtoolV4 is a 3rd party utility which modifies recent desktop Radeon drivers to work with Mobility Radeon graphics cards (works with Catalyst Control Centre 7.1 - not working with 7.2). Thus, one can download the 64-bit Radeon Catalyst Control Center from ATI's website - running the install program and cancelling the operation is followed by running ModtoolV4 and selecting the folder where the Catalyst Control Center and driver were extracted. After execution, the setup for the driver and Catalyst Control Center occurs automatically.
[edit] Macintosh
ATI used to only offer driver updates for their retail Mac video cards, but now also offer drivers for all ATI Mac products, including the GPUs in Apple's portable lines. Apple also includes ATI driver updates whenever they release a new OS update. ATI provides a preference panel for use in Mac OS X called ATI Displays which can be used both with retail and OEM versions of their cards. Though it gives more control over advanced features of the graphics chipset, ATI Displays has limited functionality compared to their Catalyst for Windows product. As Microsoft does not license DirectX for other OS platforms, Mac OS X uses OpenGL exclusively, though in the past with OS 9, Apple used the now-defunct RAVE API.
[edit] Linux
Initially, ATI did not produce Radeon drivers for Linux, instead giving hardware specifications and documentation to Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI) developers under various non-disclosure agreements. ATI has in mid 2004, however, started to support Linux (XFree86, X.Org), hiring a new Linux driver team to produce fglrx. Their new proprietary Linux drivers, instead of being a port of the Catalyst drivers, were based on the Linux drivers for the FireGL (the FireGL drivers worked with Radeons before, but didn't officially support them), a card geared towards graphics producers, not gamers; though the display drivers part is now based on the same sources as the ones from Windows Catalyst since version 4.x in late 2004. The frequency of driver updates increased in late 2004, releasing Linux drivers every 2 months, half as often as their Windows counterparts. Then since late 2005 this has been increased to monthly releases, inline with the Windows CATALYST releases. The proprietary Linux drivers don't support the R100 chips (Radeon 7000-7500).
The efforts to provide free drivers for these cards continue, though. While the R100 and R200-series chipset drivers were written using specifications provided by ATI (r200 driver), the R300-R500 hardware acceleration was written through reverse engineering (r300 driver) the methods used by ATI's proprietary driver. The reverse-engineered code is now in X.Org and Mesa, bringing experimental support for some of the current Radeon cards. All r3xx cards and all r4xx excluding the Xpress integrated chips should be supported by the new experimental r300 driver. With the 2.6.17 kernel, some cards from the r300 driver were added to the radeon driver (http://wiki.kernelnewbies.org/Linux_2_6_17).
On April 12, 2006, ATI released binary drivers for the ATI R5x0 chips (x1300/x1600/x1800 cards), approximately six months after first releasing these cards.
There are a number of unofficial community websites for Bug Tracking and a Wiki.
As of the 8.25.18 proprietary Linux driver release R200 support is completely broken. There has been no comment from ATI on the problem. [1]
[edit] FreeBSD
FreeBSD systems have the same open-source support for Radeon hardware as Linux, including 2D and 3D acceleration for Radeon R100, R200, and R300-series chipsets. The R300 support, as with Linux, remains experimental due to being reverse-engineered from ATI's proprietary drivers.
ATI does not support its proprietary fglrx driver on FreeBSD, it has been partly ported by a third party as of january 2007. This is in contrast to its main competitor, NVIDIA, which has periodically released its proprietary driver for FreeBSD since November 2002. In the meantime the release is similar to Linux.
[edit] BeOS
Although ATI does not provide its own drivers for BeOS, it provides hardware and technical documentation to the Haiku Project who provide drivers with full 2D and video in/out support. They are the sole graphics manufacturer in any way still supporting BeOS.
[edit] PWM (pulse-width modulation)
Unlike NVIDIA, ATI implements PWM (pulse-width modulation) on some of their newer graphics cards to control fan speeds. Some computer motherboards use this technology for fan control, as well. PWM is used to reduce the total amount of power delivered to a load without losses normally incurred when a power source is limited by resistive means. As the name of the technology says, PWM delivers power through pulses instead of resistance-based constant voltage. However, this can create a clicking sound on the video card when the fan is at certain speeds. Some users see this as hindering the ability to build a quiet computer system.
[edit] See also
- List of computer games that require Pixel Shaders
- Comparison of ATI Graphics Processing Units
- ATI Rage
- NVIDIA
- GeForce
- XGI
- S3 Graphics
[edit] External links
- ATI Technologies Inc.
- DRI Wiki: ATI Radeon
- Tom's Hardware links
- Omega Drivers website
- Rage3D: Support community for ATI hardware and drivers. News and discussion.
[edit] References
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