Red-green-brown alliance
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The phrase Red-Green-Brown alliance originated as a shorthand description for "the supposed alliance of the extreme left, the Islamists and the Green parties, with the extreme right" in France[1] and has evolved to refer more broadly to the perceived anti-Semitic and/or anti-American views shared by disparate groups and movements worldwide.
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[edit] Origins and coinage (2002)
This expression was coined[2] by conservative French essayist Alexandre del Valle, who wrote of "une alliance idéologique ... rouge-brun-vert" in an April 22nd 2002 article in French newspaper Le Figaro, and has more recently used the French phrase "l'axe rouge-vert-brun" in a sense similar to the English usage (see below), with green mainly referring to Islamists, rather than anti-globalists.
Del Valle's conceptual rendering of Islamist ideological trends appears to be based at least partially on even earlier writings in which del Valle himself had charged the United States with creating the "war machine" of "armed Islamism" via its Reagan-era funding of the mujahadeen in Afghanistan.[3]
[edit] Popularization and spread (2003)
The later popularity of the "red-green-brown" theory (and its various permutations) derives mainly from a speech given by Roger Cukierman, president of the French Jewish organization CRIF, to a CRIF banquet on January 25th 2003, and given wide circulation by a January 27th/28th 2003 article in the French newspaper Le Monde.
Cukierman used the French term "alliance brun-vert-rouge" to describe the antisemitic alignment supposedly shared by "an extreme right nostalgic for racial hierarchies" (symbolized by the color brown), "an extreme left [which is] anti-globalist, anti-capitalist, anti-American [and] anti-Zionist" (red), and followers of José Bové (green).
In English translation, the phrase "Red-Green-Brown alliance" achieved some minor usage in 2003 among warbloggers and Usenet posters who used it to refer to a perceived convergence in political positions or rhetoric between leftist radicals, Islamists, and the extreme right, so that "green" is generally given a different interpretation than in the original French).
This re-interpretation of the phrase was bolstered by a February 2003 message allegedly from Osama bin Laden, which said "It does not hurt that in current circumstances, the interests of Muslims coincide with the interests of the socialists in the war against crusaders." [4] In English-speaking countries, the expression "Red-Green-Brown alliance" has thus come to mean something similar to the word "idiotarian".
[edit] See also
- Anti-Americanism
- Anti-globalization and Anti-Semitism
- Allegation of antisemitism within the European anti-war movement (section of Post-September 11 anti-war movement).
- New anti-Semitism
- Arab Anti-Semitism
- Islam and anti-Semitism
[edit] References
- ^ "La Turquie dans l’Europe : un cheval de Troie islamiste ?", 4 November 2004
- ^ "La Turquie dans l’Europe : un cheval de Troie islamiste ?", 4 November 2004
- ^ "The Wacky World of French Intellectuals", Middle East Forum, Spring 2000
- ^ "Fight the allies of the devil", Guardian Unlimited, 12 February 2003
[edit] External links
[edit] Origins
- Spring 2000 article "The Wacky World of French Intellectuals" by Laurent Murawiec, Middle East Quarterly
- April 22nd 2002 article "La Convergence des Totalitarismes" by Alexandre Del Valle and Marc Knobel (in French)
- Original 2003 Cukierman speech from official CRIF site (in French)
- 2003 CRIF press release, discussing media reaction to Cukierman speech (in French)
- "Les Rouges, les Bruns et les Verts, ou la Convergence des Totalitarismes", January 3rd 2004 essay from Alexandre del Valle's site (in French)
[edit] Analyses
- (The term "red-green-brown alliance is not necessarily used in the links below, but there is discussion of the phenomenon referred to under that name.)
- Mark Strauss in Foreign Policy Magazine, (Nov. 12/03): Antiglobalism's Jewish Problem. Discusses an observed coalescence of far-left, far-right and Islamist agendas and organizations.
- "The Barriers come down: Antisemitism and the Coalitions of Extremes" by Dave Rich - a nuanced examination of common Antisemitic motifs and conspiracy theories used by the far-left, Islamists, and far-right.
- "Europe's Other Red-Green Alliance" by Dave Hyde (2003)
- The 2003 "European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia" report on rising European anti-Semitism - claimed to be "censored and suppressed because it revealed the fact that not all bigotry comes from the far-right".
