Religious terrorism
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Religious terrorism refers to terrorism justified or motivated by religion and is a form of religious violence.
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[edit] Buddhist
- Aum Shinrikyo[dubious — see talk page]
[edit] Christian
Organizations dedicated to Christian extremist terrorism:
- Army of God: Christian paramilitary group that supports and involves itself in terrorist activity against abortion clinics and providers in the United States.
- Nagaland Rebels: (1948–present) Active in predominantly Christian state in India. Involved in several bombings in 2004.
[edit] Islamic
- See also: Palestinian political violence
- See also: Religious conversion and terrorism
Organizations involved in Islamist terrorism:
- Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG): Separatist. Aims for the establishment of an Islamic state in the Southern Philippines.
- Al-Gama'at al-Islamiya (GI): The violent overthrow of the Egyptian Government and establishment of an Islamic state and the removal of Western influence from the Arab world.
- Al-Jihad: Aims for violent overthrow of the Egyptian government and the establishment of an Islamic state in Egypt, destruction of U.S. and Israeli interests.
- Al-Qaeda: Led by Osama bin Laden, its aims are the expulsion of Western forces from Saudi Arabia, overthrow of the House of Saud, and the destruction of Israel and governments that support Israeli foreign policy.
- Al-Qaeda in Iraq: Aims to create a Sunni Islamic state in Iraq.
- Ansar al-Islam(AI): Aims to create an Islamic state in Iraq; alleged link with Al-Qaeda.
- Armed Islamic Group (Groupe Islamique Armée) (GIA): The aim of the GIA is the violent overthrow of the Algerian government and the creation an Islamic state in Algeria.
- Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ): The aim of the EIJ is to overthrow the Egyptian Government and replace it with an Islamic state, global Jihad against non-Muslims societies.
- Front Pembela Islam (FPI): An anarchic terrorist group growing in some parts of Indonesia. They have a primary agenda to force the government to implement the Islamic laws within the country.
- Hamas: Islamic organization based in Gaza City with the aim of the destruction of Israel and the creation of an Islamic state in its place. Considered to be terrorist by Israel, the United States and the EU.
- Islamic Army of Aden (IAA): The IAA's aim is to overthrow the Yemeni government and resist U.S. interests in the region.
- Islamic Jihad
- Hezbollah: Considered a terrorist group by several states, who claim it seeks the destruction of Israel.
- Jaish e Mohammed (JeM): JeM seeks separation of Kashmir from Indian control.
- Jeemah Islamiyah (JI): JI's aim is the creation of a unified Islamic state in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Southern Philippines.
- Lashkar e Tayyaba (LeT): LeT seeks an independent Kashmir and reestablishment of Islamic rule over India.
- Jaish e Mohammed (JeM): JeM seeks separation of Kashmir from Indian control.
- Moro Islamic Liberation Front: Aims to create Islamic state in Mindanao, Philippines.
- Salafist Group for Call and Combat (Groupe Salafiste pour la Predication et le Combat) (GSPC): Its aim is to create an Islamic state in Algeria.
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[edit] Jewish
The following groups were all started or branched off from those started by Meir Kahane. Kahanist groups are banned in Israel:
- Jewish Defense League: A "right-wing terrorist group" [1] according to the FBI. Although several members have been charged or convicted with offenses related to the handling of explosives, the group is not thought to have any current connection to terrorism. [2]
- Kach and Kahane Chai: (defunct) Israel and United States. Eden Natan-Zada was involved with Kahanism before killing 3 people in Shefa-'Amr, an act described by then prime minister Ariel Sharon as "a reprehensible act by a bloodthirsty Jewish terrorist".
- Gush Emunim Underground: (1979-1984) Sometimes called the (Jewish Terror Organization), formed by prominent members of Gush Emunim. [3]
- Jewish Defense Organization: a Jewish Militant rival offshoot of the Jewish Defense League, which was founded by Kahane.
[edit] Sectarian and syncretic
[edit] Criticism of the concept of religious terrorism
Robert Pape of the University of Chicago has compiled the first complete database, reflecting a careful examination of every documented case of suicide bombing from 1980-2003. Pape's conclusions are contained in a his book, Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism.
Pape argues that the news reports about suicide terrorism are profoundly misleading. "There is little connection between suicide terrorism and Islamic fundamentalism, or any one of the world's religions," Pape reports. After studying 315 suicide attacks carried out over the last two decades, the political science professor concludes that suicide bombers' actions stem from political conflict, not religion. [1].
[edit] References
- ^ Pape, Robert (2005). Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism. ISBN 1-4000-6317-5.
