Ribblehead Viaduct
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Ribblehead Viaduct is a railway viaduct across valley of the River Ribble in North Yorkshire, northern England.
It is the longest (but not the tallest - Smardale viaduct near Crosby Garrett at 131ft and Arten Gill at 117ft are higher) and most famous viaduct on the Settle-Carlisle Railway, a railway line passing through some spectacular British scenery. Ribblehead railway station is located just to the south of the viaduct.
Designed by the engineer John Sydney Crossley. The first stone was laid on 12 October 1870 and the last in 1874. It is 104 feet (32 m) high and spans 440 yards (402 m). It is made up of 24 arches. It is located at the foot of the mountain of Whernside.
The viaduct is curved, and so may be seen by passengers on the train. The train journey from Settle to Carlisle is short enough to allow the Dales holidaymaker to make a return day trip (steam-hauled, in the tourist season) including a few hours in the border town of Carlisle.
About two thousand Navvies building the viaduct established shanty towns on the moors, named after victories of the Crimean War, sarcastically for posh districts of London, and Biblical names. There were smallpox epidemics and deaths from industrial accidents; the churchyard at Chapel-le-Dale had to be extended.
The Settle & Carlisle line is one of three north-south main lines : the other two are the west and east coast lines through Penrith and Newcaslte respectively. British Rail attempted to close the line in the 1980s, citing the reason that the viaduct was unsafe. The line over the viaduct was singled to prevent two trains crossing simultaneously. Fortunately, the line was saved and the viaduct is structurally sound.
